SU1673722A1 - Earthquake-proof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to construction and can be used in the construction of buildings in seismic areas. The aim of the invention is to increase the seismic resistance and reduce the consumption of materials. The inclined walls of the basement are placed inside it and loosely adjoin the upper edge to the overlap between the outer columns, and the lower edge is supported on the foundation slab. The angle of the walls is equal to the angle of the natural backfill slope. Plate-screens blind area pivotally connected to the overlap. The stops are placed on slabs-screens or on the outer walls of the first floor of the ground part of the building. Damping pads are placed in the gaps between the stops and the structures adjacent to them and in the gaps between the faces of the inclined walls, the overlap and the basement slab. The basement may have at least one additional floor. 1 hp f-ly, 14 ill.

Description

The invention relates to construction, in particular to structures of buildings and structures in seismic regions.

The purpose of the invention is to increase seismic resistance and reduce material consumption.

FIG. T depicts a building, a transverse section; figure 2 - node I in figure 1; in fig.Z-node II in figure 2; figure 4 - node II in figure 2; figure 5 is a cross section of the outer column; Fig. 6 is a variation of the cross section of the column with a vertical screen; Fig. 7 shows a fragment of the basement part of the building (variant with an additional floor); on Fig and 9 - node IV in Fig.7; in fig. 10. 11 - the same, after seismic impact; in fig. 12 - node IV (version with emphasis on the plate-screen); in fig. 13 - the same, after seismic impact; in fig. 14 is a section aa in FIG. 7,

Earthquake-proof building contains spatially rigid upper floors 1, foundation 2, basement 3 with sloping walls 4, columns 5 of basement 3, overlap 6, backfilling 7 and blind area 8 The excavation of buildings is located in the ground 9. Inclined walls 4 of basement 3 in the upper part are freely adjacent between columns 5 to the ceiling 6 of the basement 3, and in the lower part they rest on the foundation 2. The backfill 7 is made of a material that absorbs seismic vibrations. The thickness of the backfill 7 is determined by the most optimal slope of the walls 4 Sloping walls 4 have an inclination angle equal to the angle of repose of the backfill material 7. The slope angle of the base soil 9 can also be taken at an angle

vj CJ

-J yu yu

foot slope. With a significant deepening of the foundation 2 (with two or more basement floors), steeper slopes of the ground soil 9 are possible and expedient. At the same time backfilling 7 should also have an angle of repose of the material from which it is made. The inner surfaces of the walls 4 may be lined with reinforced concrete tiles or protected with other materials to prevent sprinkling. If necessary, the composition of the cladding may be waterproofing.

The outer columns 5 can be made with a point 10 on the side facing outwards (Fig. 5), and also in the form of a rectangular section with a vertical screen 11 in the form of a plate, installed with a gap 12 (Fig. 6).

The blind area 7 is made in the form of slabs-screens 13, pivotally connected to the overlap 6. The width of the plate-screen 13 should overlap the backfill 7.

To limit the possible movements of the blind area 8, it is made with a stop 14. The gap between the overlap 6 and the plate-screen 13 is filled with damping pads 15 of compressive material, for example, sand, slag, bitumen, rubber waste, etc., acting as a damper. It is possible to use compressible material of different compressibility for a single object in separate areas of the slab-screen 13. This ensures the suppression of resonant seismic vibrations.

The stops 14 can be made on the wall 16 of the first ground floor. In this case, the compressible material 15 is placed between the stop 14 and the plate-screen 13.

Between the upper and lower faces of the walls 4 and the overlap of the base and the foundation 2 are placed elastic gaskets G /.

Plate-screen 13 may have a bevel 18 on the outer face and overlap the backfill 7.

Plate-screens 13 protect the backfill material 7 from surface atmospheric water, and therefore increase the seismic resistance of the building, since it is known that when watering the soil 9 increases the seismic effects of the hinged attachment of the plate-screens 13 to the building contributes to increasing the reliability of waterproofing protection of the blind area 8 from all sorts of sediment. Moreover, they overlap the bulk material with weak strength properties; rests on more durable soils contribute to increasing the stability of buildings and structures with seismic effects in case of displacement of the plates

wounds 13-at the level of the blind area 8, the elimination of violations is simplified by the possibility of straightening the slabs-screens 13 in height due to the provided hinge attachment to the building or structure.

The inclined walls 4 of the basement 3 in places adjacent to the columns 5 are made with seams 19, filled with elastic gaskets 20.

0 The thickness of the backfill 7 of the material absorbing seismic vibrations is variable in height and is determined by the most optimal inclination of the walls 4 equal to the angle of the natural slope of the reverse

5 backfill 7. The angle of inclination of the main soil 9 when developing the excavation pit is also recommended to be taken at the angle of its repose.

Considering the possibility of significant

0 depth (with two or more basement floors), steeper slopes are possible and appropriate. For example, it is impractical to device very wide sinuses around the perimeter of the basement due to increased

5 consumption of materials that absorb seismic oscillations, which are more expensive than soil, and the need to increase the emission of joint screens 13. covering the sinuses to rest against the main soils 9 of natural structure.

0 As a backfill 7 can

a loose sandy soil should be used with placement on the base plate 2, and on the ceiling 6 of the upper basement floor - expanded clay, as a lightweight one.

5The most efficient design

Foundation 2 for the proposed building is a solid slab due to the fact that in this case the center of gravity of the building decreases due to the weights of the baseplate 2 material of the backfill 7. a rigid embedding of the columns 5 in the foundations 2 is ensured; for example, about columnar foundations, the union of all adjacent

5 foundations in a single foundation.

Rigid conjugation of the ground floors supported on the ceiling 6 of the basement 3, or in some justified cases, as an exception, the hinge (or mixed - rigid and part of the columns - hinged), but not free due to the fact that 1 and the underground part form a single frame working in the form of a cantilever, pinched in the ground, having a lower center of gravity at 5, which increases the seismic resistance of the building (-frame with rail (the junction of joints works for vertical seismic effects).

The building structure operates as follows.

Seismic waves during earthquakes are extinguished in the soil of the backfill 7 and have practically no effect on columns 5 of basement 3, and, consequently, on the building framework, structures. Their impact as horizontal loads is reduced by 10-15 times, since there are no retaining walls of basement 3, and this result occurs at any angle of inclination of the seismic wave approach to the lateral surface of the basement part of buildings. Seismic waves that do not meet the walls (which act as displacing surfaces), as if passing through the basement parts of the building, affect only the outer columns 5. whose cargo area at the wave front during spans of 6.0 ohms is approximately and during spans 9 , 0 m from the area of the walls in these spans (the width of the column is received with a margin of 60 cm)

Slab-screens 13 with seismic values, actions turn upwards at some angle depending on the intensity of the impact, as a result of which the waves are completely or partially damped, and due to the presence of dampers 15, their effect on the above-ground part 1 of the building is reduced. With some types of seismic effects (for example, with vertical shocks after building toss), the plate-screens 13, turning up to the stop 14, contribute to increasing the stability of buildings and reducing the loads on the foundation of foundations 2, and, consequently, reducing the sediment and building rolls shade x.

Basement 3 may have at least one additional floor 21. sloping walls 4 of which adjoin the lower face to the ceiling 6 of the lower floor 22 of basement 3, and the slab-screens 13 of the latter are located in the thickness of the backfill 7.

A building or structure with relatively small seismic effects will have no damage. But with an earthquake intensity of up to 8–9 points, repair work may be required to eliminate defects.

The construction of a building or structure provides for an increase in the reliability of the building, a structure with regard to the decrease in the calculated seismicity regulated for the given region; lowers the center of gravity of the building, structure, which is especially important for high structures; reduces the impact not only of seismic, but also of conventional dynamic effects (created, for example, by operating equipment) on the technological processes envisaged in the buildings in which

extremely accurate production.

Due to the inclined walls 4 - slopes within the contours of the buildings, the structure allows them to accommodate communications, networks and industrial wiring without cable holders, as in necessary cases, footings can be made in the form of pedestals.

With the reconstruction there is no need to disassemble the walls of the 4 basement 3 in order to

making installation openings, as it is possible to connect, for example, to communications, almost anywhere along the contour of the building without making large capital expenditures.

Claims (2)

Invention Formula 1 A seismic resistant building or structure, including spatially rigid floors, installed on the floor, which combines the columns of the basement with external inclined walls, backfill of material absorbing seismic vibrations, the foundation and the blind area around the perimeter of the building or structure, characterized in that increase seismic resistance and reduce material consumption, sloping walls are installed inside the basement with an inclination angle equal to the angle of natural repose of the backfill, and the free abutment of the upper boundary nor to the overlap of the basement between the columns and the lower edge - to the foundation, which is made in the form of a slab, and the blind area is formed of slabs-screens pivotally connected to the ceiling of the basement and overlapping the backfill, and the building or structure is provided with stops placed on the slab of the screen or outer the wall of the ground floor with a gap relative to the outer wall of the first the ground floor or slab screen, and damping pads located in the gap between the stop and the screen slab or the outer wall of the first ground floor and between the faces of the inclined walls and the basement ceiling and basement slab. 2. The building of claim 1, characterized in that the basement has at least one additional floor, and the slab-screen of the lower floor of the basement is located in the thickness of the backfill. N fN Q l N CT -J S -J to ro FIG Yu IV FIG. ff FIG. 12 L / J FIG. / J Aa nineteen, .    v g t. FIG. M