SU1668665A1 - Method for breaking blocks in mining minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to underground mining with explosive blasting of an array. The goal is to reduce losses and dilute the mineral by ensuring uniform loosening of the mineral over the block cross section as a result of the formation of directional movement of the gaseous explosion products along the main destruction directions. In the contours of the block, the wells are drilled and form explosive cavities. Additional wells are drilled over the explosive cavity within its contour. Explosive cavities are placed in explosive cavities through additional wells with the formation of compensation cavities. At a distance from the walls of the explosive cavity, not exceeding the limits of the mineral overflowing zone, the boring wells fill the entire height of the block. In additional wells, cylindrical charges are placed and the contour wells are charged. The grinding of the mineral block is carried out by blasting all charges B. In addition, the charges in the boundary wells are blown up with a short lead over the rest of the charges. 2 Il.

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of ore deposits of high national value.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce losses and dilute the mineral by ensuring uniform loosening of the mineral over the block section as a result of the formation of directional movement of the gaseous products of the explosion along the main destruction directions.

Figures 1, 2 show a vertical section and a top view of a developed section of a field.

The method is carried out as follows.

The deposit, depending on the terrain, is opened with a mine shaft and a crosscut system or an adit. Separation into excavation blocks is carried out by conducting preparatory (drifts, orts, production and transport horizons) and threaded (flanking, rising, duchek, etc.) workings. Top of the open (

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mine workings 1, from the surface or from the underground workings of the leaching horizon to the orte (drift) 2 production horizons of the drill hole 3. In the route (drift) 2, the expander nozzle is installed on the drilling tool and in the direction opposite to the drilling direction of the well (from the bottom) upward), they form an explosive cavity with a diameter of 4–3 and 3 m that does not reach the surface. The part of the ort (drift) adjacent to this cavity is insulated from it by jumpers 5, for example, concrete. From the walls of cavity 4, at a distance not exceeding the limits of the mineral resource overmilling zone, the downward contouring wells 6 are equidistant from the contour to the full height of the block, and additional downward boreholes 7 up to its roof are drilled within the contour of the cavity above it. Through these wells, connecting the drilling mark with the roof of the cavity, an explosive 8 is fed into the latter with the formation of a compensation cavity to a level that ensures the generation of charge power in accordance with the physicomechanical properties E ore array (but not less than half the cavity height). Thereafter, pipes 9 with vertically placed cylindrical explosive charges are fed into the cavity through the same wells 7. The remaining (flanged) wells 6 also charge explosives. The mineral is mined by blasting all charges with a short deceleration, and the contour wells 6, and then all intracavitary charges, initially blow up. At the same time, the advance blasting of peripheral wells (from the row closest to the cavity to the peripheral ones) creates a wave barrier for the main charge (located inside the cavity), which reduces the energy loss of the latter for the seismic effect. The blast cavity is a free surface for the first row of arrays of wells, i.e. propelling of these wells is excluded. At the same time, advancing blasting of the first row contour wells creates

free surface effect for cavity charge. The double dispersion of charges (vertically and horizontally inside the cavity) ensures the movement of gaseous blasting products in two directions: ascending - to the empty part of the cavity from the main charge and horizontal - from the axis to the walls of the cavity. Preventing charges from moving each

relative to each other, these streams gradually increase the pressure of the gases and allow the blast energy to be transmitted more smoothly over the array, i.e. more evenly in time and space disperse

its volume of the exploding block.

Claims (1)

Formula of the Invention The method of block breaking during the development of mineral deposits, including drilling wells, forming explosive cavities in the contours of blocks, placing explosive charges in explosive cavities with the formation of compensation cavities in them and grinding the mineral block by exploding charges В by the fact that. in order to reduce and dilute the mineral by ensuring uniform mineral loosening over the section of the block as a result of the directional movement of the gaseous products of the explosion along the main directions of destruction, after the formation of an explosive cavity in the block above it within the limits of its contour, additional wells are drilled. the placement of explosive charge in the explosive cavity is carried out through the specified additional wells; we drill contour wells to the entire height of the block at a distance from the walls of the explosive cavity, not beyond the re-crushing zone of the mineral, then cylindrical charges are placed in additional wells and the back-up wells are charged, the blasting is carried out all explosive charges, and charges in arthritic wells explode with a short lead over the rest of the charges.