SU1667666A1 - Method of growing hoed crops - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agriculture. The aim of the invention is to improve the ecology of the crop growing environment and the working conditions of machine operators by eliminating the use of herbicides, increasing the effectiveness of weed control by mechanical means, reducing energy intensity. The pre-emergence treatment is carried out with a cultivator containing a flexible element on the 4th-7th day after sowing to a depth of 2-4 cm in the protective zone, and when sowing, the guide slot is cut along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the unit with a depth of ± (5 - 7) cm from the maximum depth of the main tillage of crop rotation, depending on the hardness of the latter. 4 il.

Description

(L

WITH

The invention relates to agriculture, can be applied in the cultivation of cultivated crops (mainly maize and sunflower) without the use of herbicides.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the ecology of the cultivation of tilled crops and the working conditions of machine operators by eliminating the use of herbicides, increasing the effectiveness of weed control by mechanical means and reducing the energy intensity of growing crops.

On fg.1 shows the option of installing a flexible element on the Zubovaya harrow; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1; in FIG. 3, a variant of installation of a flexible element on a row tiller cultivator; 4 is a view of A in FIG. 3 (for greater clarity, FIGS. 2 and 4 are made on a larger scale than figures 1 and 3).

The method of cultivation of tilled (predominantly corn and sunflower)

It turns off the destruction of weeds during the summer-autumn period by mechanical means before and after the zero plowing, pre-sowing tillage, sowing with cutting guide slits, pre-emergence treatment of sowing, and inter-row post-harvest treatments with the use of guide slits.

The method is carried out as follows.

After the precursor has been harvested by the method of at least twice surface treatment, weed germination and destroy them are provoked. Subsequently, weeds are destroyed mechanically - by processing, if necessary, autumn cultivation with bi bi.

In spring, weed sprouts are destroyed during pre-sowing tillage. Sowing with simultaneous cutting of slits depth of ± (5 ... 7) cm from

about

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maximum depth of the main tillage. In this case, the slits with a maximum depth are cut on sandy soils that have a small hardness of the arable layer at the time of sowing (5 ... 10 kg / cm2). With a minimum depth, slits are cut on soils with high hardness of the arable layer during sowing (15 ... 30 kg / cm2), for example, medium-loamy and heavy-loamy. This depth of the slots provides a reliable fixation of the units moving along them as along guides.

After 4 ... 7 days after sowing, pre-emergence mechanical weed destruction is carried out, including in the protective zone of the rows of cultivated crops. The technological operation is performed by a complex of zubovy harrows 1 (Fig. 1) with teeth 2, each of which has a tensioned flexible element 3. The arrow indicates the direction of movement. This operation can also be carried out with a tillage cultivator 4 (see Fig. 3), which moves along the slits previously cut as along guides. At the same time, the working bodies of the 5th cultivator will destroy the weeds in the aisle between them. Harvesting seedlings of weeds from the protective zone is performed by tensioning the flexible element 3. The flexible element moves in the soil at a depth of h 2 ... 4 cm (see Fig. 2 and 4) over the germinating seeds of the cultivated crop 6. As flexible element can be used wire or cable with a diameter of 1.5 ... 3 mm.

After the pre-emergence treatment, the plants of the cultivated crop are quickly overtaken in the growth of weeds, later developed. Thanks to this already at the first aisle

(Rig 1

The treatment of plants in the phase of 4 ... 6 leaves makes it possible to sprinkle weed shoots in rows of tilled crops. Inter-row treatments are carried out with units moving along previously cut slits. With the last inter-row processing, crops are treated with hillers, which fill weeds even deeper in the protective zone of the row, and they die under

a layer of soil.

Claims (1)

Claim 1. Method of cultivation of tilled crops, including the destruction by mechanical means of weeds in the summer-autumn period before and after the treatment, pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, sowing with cutting of the guide slots, pre-emergence treatment with a device with a flexible element, inter-row processing with the unit using guides i 1, characterized in that. that, with the aim of improving the ecology of the crop cultivation environment and the working conditions of machine operators by eliminating the use of herbicides, increasing the effectiveness of weed control mechanically, changing its energy intensity, pre-emergence treatment of the cultivated crop is carried out by a cultivator containing a flexible element by 4 ... 7- The second day after sowing to a depth (in the protective zone of a row) is 2 ... 4 cm, and when sowing, a guide slit is cut along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the unit with a depth of ± (5 ... 7) cm from the maximum depth of the main soil tillage. Fighting depending on the hardness of the latter. five 0 five 0 five Aa ig.2  jilxlK 6 ABOUT (Reg. J bida FIG. four