SU1663091A1 - Antiseepage device for various tanks of ravine and gully type - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering. The purpose of the invention is to improve operational performance by maintaining the ecological balance in the storage area by providing the ability of oriented reception and removal of groundwater and surface water. The device contains a soil base 1, impervious film element, the underlying layer. The underlying layer is provided with a catchment collector 4. It is made combined: in the storage box, from highly permeable material, such as sand and gravel, and on slopes 5 from synthetic filter material 6 with anisotropic water permeability in mutually perpendicular directions. These panels are overlapped with the direction of greater permeability along the slope. Its lower edges are embedded in the filter bed of the bed, and the upper under the outer layer of soil 7. The film element 8, the continuity of which is provided by gluing or welding cloths, is laid so that a part of the synthetic filter material remains between the outer layer of soil and the border of the film element. The end portions 9 of the film element are attached by discretely arranged adhesive strips 12 and 13 to the synthetic filter material at a height corresponding to the absolute mark of the forced storage retaining level. A protective layer 14 is laid on the film element. A strip of open synthetic filtering material along the slope receives surface wastewater. Due to the anisotropic permeability, the entire underlying layer quickly removes floodwater and seeping groundwater to the slope beyond the limits of the storage facility, excluding backwater, waterlogging. 3 il.

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in water-and-water construction when creating anti-filtration storage devices for various purposes, mainly of ravine-beam type.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the operational characteristics by maintaining the ecological balance in the storage area by providing the ability of oriented reception and removal of surface and groundwater.

FIG. 1 shows a filter unit, a transverse vertical section; in fig. 2 and 3 are discrete attachment options for a film element to the material of the underlying layer using adhesive strips.

The anti-seepage device contains a soil base 1 (FIG. 1), an underlaying layer that is combined: in the storage box 2 is from B) with permeable filtering material 3, for example filtering with a filtration coefficient exceeding the filtration coefficient of the soil 100 or more times. the drainage collector 4 is located in its lower part, on the slopes 5 it is made of synthetic filter material 6 with water permeability anisotropic in mutually perpendicular directions.

Synthetic filter material bz of flexible panels is laid in the direction of its greater permeability along the slope, and to ensure hydraulic communication, its lower edges are embedded in the filtering material 3 of bed 2, and the upper under the outer layer of soil 7. On the underlying layer (filter material 3 and synthetic filtering material 6) an anti-filtration film element 8 is laid - riveted film panels, for example made of polyethylene. The tightness of the film (polyethylene) element is ensured by any known method, for example, gluing, welding. The end parts 9 of the film element 8 are located at a height h from the storage bed, corresponding to 10, which is calculated by known methods. At the same time, between the outer layer 7 and the end part 9 of the film element 8, part 11 of the synthetic filter material remains open (c). The end portion 9 of the film element 8 is attached to the underlying sheet of the synthetic filter material 6 discretely using adhesive strips 12 with a step ti (Fig. 2) or strips 13 (Fig, 3) with a step of step 2, glued or welded to the synthetic filter material 6. The film element 8 is covered with a protective layer 14, protecting it from mechanical damage and enhancing the anti-filtration effect. Layer 14 can be represented, for example, by compacted clay soil with cementitious additives.

Anti-seepage device works as follows.

The groundwater 15 from the aquifer 16 percolates on the slope 5 of the soil base of the repository, is received by the synthetic filter material b of the underlying layer and transported to the filter material 3 of the underlying layer. Cloths of a synthetic filtering material can be represented by non-woven or woven synthetic material of any desired permeability in a given direction (and permeability differs in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the panels). and littering materials and objects between them. In addition, in places of more intensive infiltration of groundwater, respectively, synthetic filtering material of greater permeability / is laid, defined by the following relationship:

1} km / kp 100,

5 where Km - the filtration coefficient of the material; Kn is the filtration coefficient of water-bearing rocks (m / sug). Due to the anisotropy of this material, namely, more high permeability of layer 0 of synthetic filter material along the slope 1, than along it, water is unobstructed, i.e. s close to the natural conditions of discharge of the aquifer (open slope), is diverted in one direction from top to bottom into the filtering material 3 of bed 2. Material 3 can be represented, for example, by a sand-gravel mixture (Kc 5: 100 Ko, where Kc is the filtration coefficient of the mixture; Ko is the filtration coefficient of the soil base filtration or granulated polymer (for example, polystyrene). Then, water is diverted through the catchment 4 to the lower pool of the dam (not shown). Surface runoff 5, the stack to the open part 11 of synthetic filter material, is received by it and discharged through the filter bed and collector 4 to the dam. The permeability of the open part 0 of synthetic filtering material, its cross-sectional area should ensure the reception and removal of the maximum for local conditions the volume of surface runoff. In each case, the parameters of ca. 5 meters can be calculated. At the same time, the open part of the synthetic filtering material serves as a coarse filter for surface water.

be subjected to regeneration. For storage storages accumulating waste without harmful impurities, the size of the open part of the synthetic filter material can be increased by attaching a continuous film element at a lower height h corresponding to the absolute elevation of the normal retaining level (NPU) 17. In this case, in an extreme situation, when the water level is in storage, it will exceed NLU, water is freely accepted by the open part of the synthetic filtering material and is discharged by the underlying layer of the device.

The xytome, part of the synthetic filtering material that is not covered by the film, maintains the contact of the surface of the slope with the atmosphere, thereby preventing the natural capillary rise and evaporation of groundwater.

In order to securely fasten the upper edge of the synthetic filter material, the depth and extent of embedding under the layer are selected taking into account the weight of the loading outer layer to exceed the maximum weight of the wet hanging panels of the synthetic filter material and the film element.

Example You build a tailing pond in a beam 28 m deep. The filling height of industrial waste is 20 m, which corresponds to the mark of a normal retaining level. The mark of the forced retaining level corresponds to an altitude of 21.5 m. The slope of the side slopes of the tailing dump is on average 1: 3. The filtration coefficient of the bedding material in the tailing storage bed of the sand and gravel mix is 30 m / day and the synthetic filter material on the slopes of 25 m / day (as a synthetic filtering material, fluorinated fabric, art. 22295) can be used; the permeability of the latter was determined by filtration of sulphide and non-sulphide pulps, i.e. together with a layer of sediment.

The preparation of the base for the screening device is carried out by a grader by leveling the soil surface and the catchment collector. Then, in the storage box, the underlying filter layer is poured 20-30 cm thick from sand-gravel mixture with its subsequent alignment and laying on top of sheets of plastic film overlapping with their welding or adhesive connection. A protective layer with a thickness of 0.5-1 m is placed from above in advance prepared and folded at the borders of the initial section of clay soil.

Work begins from the transverse section in the lowest part of the shielded area and leads in the direction of the projected fill level of the storage box. At the last stage, the panels of synthetic filter material with an overlap and their output on

0 slopes of storage for subsequent embedding under the outer layer of soil. After that, the laying of the film element on the synthetic filtering material and the device of the protective layer continue. Then, the film element is glued to the synthetic filtering material discretely from the bottom upwards along the slope every 1.5 m, the length of the adhesive strips is 1-2 m (the connection of individual webs of synthetic filtering material between them is carried out in several pieces with subsequent embedding under the outer layer of soil known ways).

If with a sudden intake of water

5 in the tailings (rain) for 2 hours the water level reaches the forging level, then the inflow in this case is 42804 m / day. This influx can be collected and diverted by a fluorotone S

0 1,682.55 m The perimeter P of the tailings is approximately 360 m. In this case, the length of the material from the edge of the film web to the outer layer of the soil should be at least S: P 4.7 m. The device is capable of taking and draining 3570 m2 of water for 2 hours, i.e. as the stormwater flows. The material is characterized by high open porosity - up to 4%, the number of warp threads is 44, weft - 34 in 1 cm, thread diameter 200 microns.

0 The pore sizes in the direction of the warp and weft are 3.5 times different. This degree of pore anisometry is a characteristic of permeability anisotropy. Theoretical Permeability of Fluorlon

5,687 m / day.

Thus, the material is selected with a large margin of permeability.

The ability of the underlying layer of the filtering device to take groundwater and surface water and purposefully quickly (due to oriented permeability) to divert them out of the storage facilities prevents the groundwater level from rising, flooding and trampling of the adjacent territory, ensures the natural slope of the groundwater levels along the slope, preserving natural mode of filtration and unloading of groundwater adjacent to the tailing area

Claims (1)

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An anti-filtration device for various types of gantry-beam storage types, including a soil base, an underlayment layer, an anti-filtration film element with a protective layer, characterized in that, in order to improve the operational characteristics by maintaining the ecological balance in the storage area, by ensuring the ability oriented reception and removal of surface and groundwater, the underlying layer is equipped with a catchment collector and is made combined: in the bed ranilischa - of highly permeable filter material, and the slope - of the webs of synthetic filter with anisotropic permeability in mutually perpendicular directions material laid on a slope and storage based on its slope direction of greater permeability, wherein the lower edges of the synthetic filter material panels are embedded in the filter material of the bed, and the upper edges are under the outer layer of the soil, the end parts of the impervious film element are attached to the underlying layer located on the slopes of the storage, using discretely placed adhesive strips, located on the non-flooded part of the slope, leaving the open part of the synthetic filtering material between the edge of the film impervious film element of the outer layer of soil. 7 srig1 Compiled by R.Nagorn. Editor L.Veselovska Tehred M.MorgentalKorrektor M.Kucher va Order 2241 Circulation 390 Subscription VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, 4/5 Raushsk nab. fiz