SU1661418A1 - Method and apparatus for measuring deformation of stockpiles muck - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to mining and is intended to determine the deformations of the bulk rock mass. The goal is to increase the reliability of the determination of deformations and obtain more complete information about the state of the array. In the bulk array 16, the borehole 14 is drilled and the hermetic tubular casing 2 is placed in them. Inside the casing 2 at a predetermined distance from each other, benchmarks 3 are installed that are sensitive to the displacement of the massif. The housings 4 of the frames 3 are mounted on a tubular corrugated sheath 2. In the housings 4 a dielectric measuring cylinder 5 with electrically conductive liquid 7 is placed. On the inner walls of cylinder 5 there are placed measuring electrodes 6 along four mutually parallel vertical lines lying in two mutually perpendicular vertical planes. The cylinder rod 5 with cardan joints 13 and the rigid connecting element 12 is connected to the body 4 of the next frame 3. The end of the element 12 is provided with a load carrier. The space between the walls of the borehole 14 and the shell 2 is filled with bulk material 15. After this, measurements of the displacements of the frames 3 are made in two mutually perpendicular directions of the horizontal plane and the sediments of the array are simultaneously recorded. Then, after a predetermined period of time, a second measurement is made, and the difference between the two measurements determines the magnitude and direction of the deformation of the array that occurred over a given period of time. 2 sp.f-ly, 4 Il.

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to determine the deformations of a bulk rock mass.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the determination of deformations and obtain more complete information about the state of the array.

FIG. 1 shows wells with devices placed in them (cross section of a bulk dam); in fig. 2 - frame design; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - measuring cylinder with electrodes.

The method is carried out using a device containing a load-bore 1 mounted on the lower end of the device, a tubular element 2 made in the form of a corrugated hose, bench marks 3, cases 4 of which are fixed in a tubular element, a measuring cylinder 5, on the inner walls of which electrodes 6, an electrically conducting fluid 7, located above the piston 8 with a rod 9 equipped with guides 10 and connected by means of a hinge 11 with a rigid element 12, which, in turn, is connected with the hinge 13 by means of a hinge 13 The reference frame, connecting electrical wires placed inside the tubular element 2 (not shown), the space between the walls of the borehole 14 and the tubular element 2 is filled with bulk materials 15, which makes up the bulk array 16.

The essence of the method is as follows. One or several wells are drilled in a bulk mass, depending on the portion of the mass that is to be monitored. Drilling is done before the well reaches the bottom of the array in

when it is foreseen to determine the deformations of the array relative to the base. In the case when it is necessary to determine the deformations of the massif and its base, the wells are drilled until they reach the incompressible layers of the compressible base or to the bedrock of crystalline rocks. After that, the device with the lower end attached to it is lowered into the skzazhin.

cargo to achieve the latest slag. The lowering of the device is carried out in parts, simultaneously increasing its length and performing the commutation of the wires directly above the well. Length hard

elements and sections of the tubular casing are selected depending on the required distance between the frames, which, in turn, depends on the need to control certain layers

array and its base.

When extending the device along the length, the hinges, rigid connecting elements and benchmarks are arranged so that the measuring electrodes of the same name are all

The frames were located in two vertical mutually perpendicular planes. In the same plane of the hinge structure, it is possible to tilt the benchmarks. The rod guides prevent the piston of the measuring cylinder from twisting relative to its body. Thus, orientation frames are made between themselves and the orientation of the entire device relative to the cardinal points.

or geometric elements of the array by the location of the upper rapper. Moreover, setting the azimuthal position of the entire device is accomplished by turning its upper end rigid elements to the required angle. When lowering the device

into the well, the pistons of all frames are in the lowest position, and the corrugated sealed shell is in the stretched state.

After the load reaches the wellbore, and the upper elements of the device, the surface of the array, the space between the walls of the well and the hermetic casing is filled with bulk material that is physically and mechanically similar to the material of the array or directly the material of the array. In order to effectively and completely fill the free space of the well, multidirectional movements of the hermetic shell in the vertical plane are made, a vibrator is used, water is added, etc. After that, the upper end of the device is fixed on the surface of the array, the metering panel is switched and the initial measurement is taken. After a specified period of time (for example, a month, three months, half a year, etc.), the next measurements are made. Based on the difference between the initial and subsequent measurements, the magnitude and direction of the array deformation over a given period of time is judged.

Measurements consist of determining the resistance of the dry part of each measuring electrode 6 located above the electrically conductive liquid 7 in each frame 3, i.e. in each measuring cylinder, the resistance of each of the four electrical circuits is measured separately. Each such electrical circuit includes a dry part of the measuring electrode 6, an electrically conductive fluid 7, a piston 8. a rod 9} connecting wires (not shown). In this circuit, the measuring electrode is a variable resistance, the value of which depends on the level of the electrically conductive fluid, the position of which, in turn, depends on the tilt of the frame and on the location of the piston in the cylinder of the liquid inclinometer.

Using addiction

a-f.

where L f is the amount of movement of the level of the electrically conducting fluid, m;

A R - change in circuit resistance, Ohm;

p-specific electrical resistance of the electrode, Ohm / m, determine the length of the dry part of each electrode

I L-Al, where I is the length of the dry part of the electrode, m;

L- initial (initial) length of the dry part of the electrode, m;

L I - the magnitude of the movement of the level of the electrically conductive fluid, m, thus determining the length of the dry

parts of each electrode, calculate the stroke length and the slope of the measuring cylinder in two mutually perpendicular vertical planes

 M + M + M + M

L | 4

where LI is the piston stroke of the 1st measuring cylinder, m;

All .. .ДМ - the magnitude of the movement of the level of the electrically conductive fluid relative to the electrodes No. 1-4 of the i-ro measuring cylinder, m

aAl i + Ail

AAlt + M

Vi arctg-Ј-j-where 01.2 are the angles of inclination of the i-ro measuring cylinder in two mutually perpendicular planes, deg;

AI iAllj - the magnitude of the movement of the level of the electrically conducting fluid relative to the electrodes no. 1 and 3, lying in the same vertical plane, m;

 - the amount of movement of the level of electrically conductive fluid relative to electrodes no. 2 and 4, lying in the same vertical plane, perpendicular to the plane of electrodes no. 1 and 3, m;

d - diameter of the measuring cylinder, m.

The device works as follows.

The magnitude of the piston movement and the tilt angles of the measuring cylinder are directly related to the draft and displacement of the array in different layers, since the rocks of the array 16 through the backfill material 15, which is similar to the rocks of the array 16 through the physical and mechanical properties, rigidly connected to the frames of frames 3 (for example, tension elements), Reliable communication with the array is ensured due to the corrugated surface of the tubular element 2 and the complete filling of the free space of the well material 15. Moving or that

a layer of rocks relative to each other or the entire bulk mass relative to the base leads to the movement of all benchmarks 3 that fall into the deformation zone. Here, thanks to the hinged joints 13, the frames 3 are inclined in two mutually perpendicular planes.

In addition, due to the corrugated walls of the tubular casing 2, the device perceives the compression of rocks vertically, i.e. the draft of the array, as a result of which the contraction of the entire rod is shortened in compressible layers. When this happens, the tubular casing 2 is compressed and due to the rigidity of the connecting elements 12, the rods 9 with the pistons 8 move along the measuring cylinders 5 and change the position of the electrically conductive fluid 7 relative to the measuring electrodes 6.

Having determined the angles of inclination of the device at the points where the frames are located and from the known section lengths, the position of the reference points is calculated analytically or graphically. In subsequent measurements, the magnitude of the displacements and the draft of the array at each reference point are determined from the change in the angles of inclination and the average displacement of the pistons of the measuring cylinders. Taking into account the orientation of the device relative to the cardinal points or geometric elements of the entire array, the resulting vectors of its deformation at each fixed point are determined.

Claims (1)

1. A method for determining the deformations of an array of bulk rocks, including drilling wells, placing a hermetic shell inside them, within which repers are set at a given distance from each other, sensitive to the displacement of the array, filling the space between 1 wall of the well and the hermetic shell with loose material, registering displacements frames in two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions plane and comparing the results of the initial and subsequent measurements, which are judged on the deformation of the array. the accuracy of determining the deformations and obtaining more complete information on the state of the array, in addition to determine the direction of displacement of the frames and at the same time register precipitation of the array, and according to the results obtained, the direction and magnitude of the deformation of the array are judged. 2, A device for determining deformations of an array of bulk rocks, comprising a tubular element located along the well, with repertoires located inside it, each of which contains a housing, a dielectric measuring cylinder with an electrically conductive liquid, on the inner walls of which there are measuring electrodes in two mutually perpendicular vertical planes x, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of determining the deformations and obtaining more complete information, the tubular element is made corrugated with the possibility of deformation along the longitudinal axis, and the measuring cylinder is equipped with a piston with a rod connected with cardan joints and a rigid connecting element with the body of the subsequent frame, and the electrodes of the measuring cylinders are located along four mutually perpendicular vertical lines lying in two mutually perpendicular planes coinciding with the planes of action of the hinges, in addition, the end of the lower rigid element is provided with a load shell. Fi & 1 Aa