SU1652211A1 - Pneumatic pulse device for demolishing vaults - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for breaking bulk materials in silos and may find use in the mining, construction, chemical and other sectors of the national economy.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the material collapse by increasing the magnitude and ensuring the constant energy of the compressed air pulse.

The presence of a pressure boosting device and a pressure relief valve allows an increase in the magnitude and ensure a constant pulse energy of compressed air.

FIG. 1 shows a device with the position of its elements at the time of the start of filling with compressed air, a general view; in fig. 2 is the same at the end of the injection cycle; on

FIG. 3 and 4 - the position of the cranes when the device is triggered.

The device comprises a housing 1, an exhaust pipe 2, a saddle 3 with windows 4, a diaphragm 5. dividing the case into larger and smaller parts, a lid 6 with non-return valves 7 and 8, for example ball valves, with inlet 9, 10 and outlet 11 , 12 channels, the lower injection chamber 13 and the upper power chamber 14, while the lower chamber has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the upper chamber, the chambers have holes 15 and 16 which are constantly connected with the atmosphere and are separated by a partition 17 with radial channels 18 and 19, piston 2 0 located in the chamber

13, piston 21 located in the chamber

14, pistons 20 and 21 are interconnected

ABOUT

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a rod 22, having a longitudinal recess 23 in the area adjacent to the piston 21, in the wall of the piston 21 is made a communicating channel 24 and 25, between which a control valve 26 is installed, an air distributor 27 is installed above the upper chamber 14, including a spring-loaded valve 28 with a control valve a rod 29, the end of which is located in the upper chamber 14, an elastic membrane 30, an overflow valve 32 connected with it by a spring-loaded rod 31, an air distributor connected by pipelines 33, 34 and 35, respectively, to a septal radial channel 18, chamber 14 and with a compressed air supply system, the latter is connected to the pneumatic system through a valve 36 and to the lower chamber 13 through a check valve 37, the spring-loaded valve 28 closes the channel 38 connected to the pipeline 33 connected on one side with the cavity A formed by the membrane 30 in the air distributor 27, and on the other hand to the radial channel 18 of the partition 17, in the latter pin 39 is mounted to control the valve 26 in the lower position of the pistons, the main part B of the body 1 has a safety valve 40, and a smaller part C has a pat a slab 41 for communicating with the atmosphere through a disengaging valve 42.

The operation of the device includes three stages and proceeds as follows.

The first stage includes a period of time for filling the device case with compressed air to a predetermined level of operating pressure. To accomplish this, the taps 36 and 42 are set to the position shown in FIG. one.

Compressed air from the compressed air pipe through valve 36 and check valve 37 enters the bestowed cavity of chamber 13 and from there through channels 9, 11 P a smaller part C of housing 1, separated from the latter by a diaphragm 5, and further through channels 10, 12 into a large part B enclosures.

Since the volume C is much smaller than the volume B of the casing 1. then the pressure in the smaller part C (Pc) increases much faster than in the larger part B KOprfyca (Pn), and until the casing 1 is completely filled with compressed air, The ratio of pressures is RS PB. In the city of this diaphragm 5 is pressed under the action of a higher pressure force to the outlet pipe 2. Simultaneously with the entry into a smaller part of C, the compressed air enters the rodless cavity of the lower chamber 13 and under its influence the pistons 20, 21 and the rod 22 arrive in movement towards the rodless cavity of the upper chamber 14.

When this occurs, air is expelled from the rod end of the chamber 13 into the atmosphere through channel 16, and from the rodless cavity of chamber 14 into its rod cavity through channels 25 and 24, since valve 26 is in the depressed position.

Until the piston 21 approaches the rod 29, the valves 28 and 32 of the air distributor are in the closed position. After the piston 21 takes a position at which the rod 29 rests on the valve 26 and depresses it (Fig. 2), the valve 28 opens and the compressed air through it through the channel 38 and the pipeline 33 from the distributor enters the cavity A. Under the action of compressed air the diaphragm 30 is pressed out, driving the rod 31, thereby opening the bypass valve 32.

As a result, compressed air from the distributor enters through the open valve 32 and pipe 34 into the rodless cavity of chamber 14. Under the effect of increasing pressure of compressed air, piston 21 moves towards the rod end of chamber 14. This is ensured by the pressure of compressed air on valve 26 more than the value of the opposing force of its spring and the valve takes a position in which the channel 25 is closed.

After the piston 21 moves a distance at which the contact between the control valve 26 and the rod 29 is lost, the valve 28 closes under the action of its spring, and the compressed air continues to flow from the air distributor into the rodless cavity of chamber 14 through the open port of the valve 32 and pipeline 34.

In this case, due to the fact that the area of the piston 21 is larger than the area of the piston 20, during this period of movement, compressed air is injected from the rodless cavity of chamber 13 into cavity C of diaphragm 5. At the same time, from the rod end of chamber 14, air enters the atmosphere through hole 15 with this comes from the atmosphere through the hole 16 into the rod end of the chamber 13.

At the moment when the piston 21 reaches 39, the latter pushes the valve 26 to the position in which the cavities of the chamber 14 begin to communicate with each other through channels 25 and 24. At the same time, through the depression 23 in the rod 22, channels 18 and 19 communicate with each other and compressed air from the cavity And through the pipeline 33 and these channels will be released into the atmosphere. As a result, the pressure in cavity A drops sharply and the overflow valve 32 closes under the effect of the spring and the flow of compressed air and the rodless cavity of chamber 14 is stopped.

Then the cycle of movement of the pistons 20, 21 with the rod 22 and the order of actuation of the valves is repeated automatically until then. until the pressure in the body of the device reaches a predetermined value, characterized by the dependence

S21

Rv

where Рп is the air pressure in the inlet pneumatic network;

S20, Szi - piston sections;

RV is the opening pressure of the device.

The increase in pressure above PB is limited by the safety valve 40.

The second stage of operation of the device includes actions associated with moving control cranes to the starting position, characterized by mounting the crane 36 to the position shown in FIG. 3, in which the access of compressed air from the pneumatic circuit is terminated.

The third stage includes the period of actual operation of the device and is characterized by moving the unloading crane 42 to a position in which the smaller part C of the housing 1 through the nozzle 41 communicates with the atmosphere (Fig. 4), as a result of which the pressure drops and the compressed air the housing 1 quickly pulls the diaphragm 5 away from the saddle 3 and through the windows 4 and the exhaust pipe 2 with a high energy of impulse rushes into the zone of material stuck in the bunker,

To prepare the device for subsequent operation, the valves 38 and 39 are returned to the position shown in FIG. one.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A pneumatic impulse demolition device comprising a housing with a lid, a diaphragm divided into unequal parts, an exhaust pipe installed in the larger of the latter, designed to supply air to a smaller part of a non-return valve and a compressed air supply system characterized in that. that, in order to increase the efficiency of the material collapse by increasing the magnitude and providing the constancy of the energy of the compressed air pulse, it is equipped with a device for increasing the pressure in the housing containing one above the other upper and lower chambers separated by a partition with channels with the atmosphere, with a piston installed in each chamber, the pistons of the upper and lower chambers are interconnected, the lower chamber has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the vertex In the chamber, a distributor of air is installed above the upper chamber, including a spring-loaded valve with a rod, the end of which is placed in the upper chamber, and an elastic membrane connected to it bypass valve, air distributor is connected by pipelines with one of the channels of the partition, with the upper chamber and with the compressed air supply system, the other channel of the partition in the lower position the pistons are connected to the first channel and the atmosphere, two communicating channels are made in the piston of the upper chamber, and a valve is installed between them to interact with the valve stem of the air distributor and with a pin fixed in the septum to connect the housing parts separated by a diaphragm, an additional check valve is installed in the lid, and a smaller part of the housing has a spigot for communication with Atmosphere through the unloading valve to ensure the constancy of the energy of the pulse of compressed air in the wall of the housing reinforced safety valve. sS s sS to NSssNN: ОЪ Qt / Ј LI ZЈ Ql UZ2S9L CM CN 1L CO SR srigL