SU1642984A2 - Device for washing roots and tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural livestock and food industry and can be used, for example, for washing potatoes and other root crops in the feed shops for the preparation of full feed mixtures with a straw thermochemical processing line, the purpose of the invention is higher J9 H 1 9) 8520 2 72 - 1 iii ) ii performance and reduced water consumption. A device for washing root crops is provided with a sump 43 with inlet 44 and outlet 45 pipelines and with a device 46 for discharging sediment from the sump, which includes a pressure pipe 52 for stirring up sedimented sediment and a suction pipe for collecting it. The foreign inclusions, which have passed along with the water from the chambers to the sump 43, are deposited on its bottom. The clarified water from the intake 50 with the filter element 51 is fed through the pressure pipe 52 into the inner cavity of the sump 43 to stir up the sedimented sediment. The swollen sediment is removed through the suction line. The dewatered water from the intake port 50 also flows through the pumping unit into the trap 3. 5 sludge. 21 26 i: ОД 7 4 ШЗ (8 8 Ё О ю ю 00 00 у Ю 2

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and the food industry, can be used, for example, for washing potatoes and other root and tuber crops in feed shops for the preparation of full-feed mixtures with a flow line for thermochemical treatment of straw and is complementary to the main author. St. N 1026759.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity and reduce water consumption.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a device for washing of root-and-vegetable crops, general view; FIG. 2 is the same longitudinal section; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 1 (stone catcher, made in the form of a funnel with a pipe, in the form of a compartment located under the funnel and in the form of an inclined conveyor installed in this compartment); in fig. 4 is a view B in FIG. 3 (inclined conveyor belt, which is equipped with ribs arranged in pairs and symmetrically relative to the center of the belt and forming an angle a between them); in fig. 5 is a section bb In FIG. 4 (inclined conveyor belt),

The device for washing the root-and-vegetable crops contains successively installed chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root and tuber crops, chamber 2 of the preliminary washing, stone trap 3 and chamber 4 of the final washing, while they are separated from one another by transverse walls 5-8.

The central shafts 9 and 10 are placed along the longitudinal axis of chambers 1, 2 and 4 and the stone-cattle 3. On these shafts directly in the chamber 1 for dry cleaning of tubers, in the chamber 2 of preliminary washing of tubers and in the chamber 4 of the final washing of tubers there is a bar of drum 11 , 12 and 13, which are used for mixing and transporting raw materials. The central shafts 9 and 10 are installed in the thrust bearings 14 and interconnected by a coupling 15 (see Fig. 3).

The central shafts 9 and 10 coaxially receive torque from the gear motor 16 via clutch 17 (from 18 to 22 rpm).

Each of the bar drums 11, 12 and 13 is provided with equally spaced from each other unloading blades 18 and 19, fixedly mounted on the right side of the frame of each bar drum 11, 12, 13, directly in front of each transverse wall 6, 7, 8 and 9. Unloading the blades 18 and 19 serve to overload the roots from one chamber to another through rectangular windows made in the transverse walls 6-9.

In ver., .. parts of the transverse wall 6

A collector with nozzles 20 is installed directly in front of the bar drum 12 of the chamber 2 for pre-washing of root and tuber crops to supply directed jets of water to the chamber 2 of the preliminary

0 washing root crops (see Fig. 2). The working fluid is supplied to the manifold with nozzles 20 through conduit 21 (see Fig. 1).

Chamber 4 of the final washing of root crops is provided with a washing tub 22

5 (see FIG. 2).

The stone trap 3 consists of a funnel 23. The funnel of the funnel 23 ends at the bottom of the pipe 24, located under the funnel 23 of the compartment 25. In the inner cavity

0 compartment 25 has an inclined conveyor 26, driven by an electric motor 27. The compartment 25 of the stone trap 3 is bounded by the side walls 28 and 29 of the device, the transverse walls 6 and 7,

5 with a funnel 23 and a bottom 30.

The belt 31 of the inclined conveyor 26 is equipped with ribs 32 arranged in pairs and symmetrically with respect to the center of the belt 31 of the inclined conveyor 26 and forming between themselves an angle in the range of 90-160 °.

Between each pair of ribs 32 on the cast 31 of the inclined conveyor 26, a gap 33 is provided for the flow of water. The gap 33 is formed by bevels 34 on the ribs 32 and has the shape of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is facing the belt 31 of the inclined conveyor 26 (size L is larger than size I, see Fig. 6). For water supply in stone trap 4

0 compartment 25 has a side pipe 35, passed through a hole made in the side wall 28 of the compartment 25.

The device for washing the root-and-vegetable crops has a pumping unit 36 for creating an upward flow of water in the funnel 23 of the stone trap 3 and a valve 37 for adjusting the flow rate of the water (see Fig. 1).

A filter 38 is installed on the suction line to protect the pump

0 setting 36 from clogging.

The device for washing the root-and-vegetable crops also has a loading 39 and discharge 40 trays, which serve respectively for loading and unloading raw materials.

5B, an overflow pipe 41 is installed in the chamber 4 of the final wash, which serves to maintain a constant water level in the washing tub 22 and in the stone trap 3 and in the chamber 4 of the preliminary washing of the tubers (see Fig. 1).

The chambers 1, 2 and 4 and the stone-stone 3 are equipped with hatches 42, which serve to sanitize the device (see Fig. 3). In order to reduce the consumption of washing liquid due to repeated use of waste water for the washing process, the device for washing root crops is equipped with a sump 43 with an inlet 44 and an outlet 45 with pipes and with a device 46 for discharging sediment from the sump. The inlet conduit 44 is installed obliquely under the washing chamber and stone-catcher chambers and is connected with them via transition pipes 47.48 and 49. Moreover, the transition pipe 48 located under stone-trap 3 is blocked off with a hermetic plug during operation of the device and vushki 3.

In the upper part of the sump 43 is mounted intake 50, equipped with a filter element 51 in the lower base. The outlet pipe 45 is connected to the inlet 50 and to the pump unit 36 for supplying water to the compartment 25 of the stone trap 3 through the filter 38.

A device 46 for discharging sediment from a settling tank 43 includes a pressure pipe 52 for stirring up the precipitated sediment and a suction pipe 53 for withdrawing it from the settling tank. The upper end of the pressure pipeline 52 is located in the internal cavity of the intake 50, and the lower ends of the pipelines 52 and 53 are mounted in the lower part of the sump 43.

The device for washing of the root-and-vegetable crops works as follows.

Water is pre-poured into the trap 3 and chamber 4 of the final wash, which communicate via a rectangular window formed in the transverse wall 7, the water being poured to the level of the overflow pipe 41.

Roots, such as potatoes, are loaded through loading tray 39 and fed to chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root and tuber crops. At the same time, guided jets of water are supplied to the pre-wash chamber 2 by means of a pumping unit 36 and the washing tank 22 of the final wash chamber 4 using a collector with nozzles 20.

During the rotation of the rod drum 11 of the chamber 1 of the dry cleaning of root and tuber crops, the potato tubers rub together and collide with the rods of the rod drum 11, causing the soil sticking to the tubers to separate from the tubers and, together with sand and small stones, fall into

The gaps between the rods, which are 10-12 mm, and under the action of gravitational forces fall into the collection for foreign matter, installed directly under the chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root and tuber crops.

Due to the implementation of the process of pre-dry cleaning of tubers from impurities directly in

In chamber 1, the efficiency of the preliminary and final washing of the tubers is greatly increased.

During operation of the device, the potato tubers are moved along the bar

5 of the drum 11 of the chamber 1 for dry cleaning of root and tuber crops and by means of equidistant discharge blades 18 and 19 are reloaded into the chamber 2 of the preliminary washing of the root and tuber crops through a right angle window made in the transverse wall 6.

During the rotation of the rod drum 12 of the chamber 2 of the preliminary washing of the root and tuber crops, the potato tubers collide with each other and about the rod of the rotating rod drum 12, resulting in the residue of the soil adhering to the tubers separating from the potato tubers and along with sand and small stones under the action of 0 The water jets from the collector with nozzles 20 are washed off into a collector installed under the device (see Fig. 2).

The potato tubers that have passed the prewash process are overloaded by means of equidistant blades 18 and 19 spaced apart from each other from chamber 2 into the stone trap 3 through a rectangular window made in transverse wall 6.

Water is injected into the compartment 25 of the stone trap 4 through the side nozzle 35 by a pumping unit 36, which is drawn from the intake 48 installed in the upper part of the sump 43, directly through the outlet conduit 45.

5 In the funnel 23 of the stone trap 3, an upward flow of water is created which keeps the tubers in suspension.

Stones found in tubers and potatoes due to the large specific weight of the filament are scattered across the funnel funnel 23

directly to the bottom of the funnel

23. With the help of a valve, 37 are installed

water flow rate at which the stones are completely separated from the tubers

5 potatoes. The operation of the pumping unit 36 continues until the potato tubers are in the root washing machine 1, which, in turn, prevents the tubers from getting into the compartment 25 of the stone trap 4 and makes it impossible to remove the potato tubers from the device along with the stones. The stones get into the pipe 24, which ends the funnel 23, and from it - onto the moving belt 31 of the inclined conveyor 26, which is set in motion after the electric motor 27 is turned on. Through the ribs 32 located on the outer bearing surface of the belt 31 in pairs and symmetrically relative to its center at an angle to each other 90-160 °, the stones securely hold on the belt 31 an inclined conveyor 26, by which the stones are transported from the proposed device to the outside,

The bevels 34 on the ribs 32, forming the gaps 33 in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is facing the belt 31, provide a complete and fast runoff of water along the belt 31 into the stone trap 4,

Potato tubers, carried along by the flow of water, through a rectangular window, made in the transverse wall 8, fall into a rod drum 13 installed in the chamber 4 of the final washing of root and tuber crops.

Since the stone-catcher 3 is located directly in front of the chamber and the final washing of the root and tubers, stones do not fall into the rod drum 13. During the rotation of the rod drum 13 located in the inner cavity of the latter, the tubers are washed off the soil residues, then discharged by means of the discharge blades 18 and 19 to the discharge tray 40 and removed from the root washing machine.

Waste water with foreign inclusions passes through transition pipes 47 and 49 directly from the chambers of preliminary 2 and final 4 washing of root and tuber crops into the inlet pipe 44 of the settler 43 installed obliquely in the direction of the sump 43 and flows into its internal cavity.

Due to the constant circulation of clarified water through the central system of the device during operation of the pumping unit 36 from the pipe 44, the waste water with foreign inclusions is continuously drained into the sump 43, and foreign substances that enter it along with the waste water are evenly precipitated by gravitational forces. at the bottom. The process of sedimentation of foreign inclusions on the bottom is carried out evenly, slowly and quietly, and the upper clarified layers of the working fluid do not stir up in the sump 43.

Thus, in the settling tank 43, suspended impurities are discharged from the waste water.

by settling them to the bottom, resulting in a process of clarifying the water.

After the process of water clarification is carried out, the latter passes through the filtering element 51 (see Fig. 2), mounted s to the lower base of the inlet 50, flows into the outlet pipe 45 and through the pump unit 36

0 is fed into the compartment 25 of the stone trap 3.

Excessive water in the baths causes the sediment from the inclined bottoms to be continuously carried away through the transition pipes 47 and 49 and the inlet pipe 44 into the internal cavity of the sump 43, and the transition pipe 4b connecting the pulp 3 with the pipe 44 is blocked by an airtight plug during device operation to avoid pressure relief

0 working fluid in compartment 25 of stone trap 3, where, due to the upward flow of water in the funnel 23, the tubers are kept in a suspended state, and the stones located in the tubers and potatoes sink due to the large specific weight directly down to the bottom of the funnel.

In case of accumulation of sediment to a critical level at the bottom of the settling tank 43, the process of its purification is carried out (1-2 times per month). After switching on the pumping unit 36 (circulating pump) of the device 46 for removing the sediment from the settling tank, the clarified water through the discharge pipe 52 to stir up the precipitated sediment through the outlet pipe 45 from the intake 50 to the lower part of the settling tank. Stream of water, exit under working pressure from the lower end of the pressure

0 of the pipeline 52 with a large cross section (55-60 mm), is brought under the bottom layer of the precipitated sediment, strongly agitating the latter in the internal cavity of the sump 43.

5 A pre-fed vehicle tank is connected to the upper end of pipe 53 with a flexible hose equipped with a vacuum pump. At the time of turning on the vacuum pump

0 tanks in the internal cavity of the suction pipe 53 to collect the precipitated sediment create a vacuum, as a result of which the pre-stirred up foreign matter of the sediment is easy

5 is sucked in suspension by the lower end of the suction pipe 53 and transported along the latter upwards, and then loaded into the tank, and at the time of suction of foreign sediment into the internal cavity

the suction pipe 53 for collecting the precipitated sediment, the upper and middle layers of clarified water in the sump 43 is not polluted.

The loaded tank is transported by the vehicle directly to the floor, where the foreign land on the impurity is again discharged to the floor, due to which the lost humus is replenished in the soil.

The use of the invention makes it possible to increase productivity and reduce water consumption by repeatedly using clarified water in a sump and by removing contaminated water and discharging sediment without interrupting the operation of the entire device.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The device for washing of root and tuber crops according to ed. St. No. 1026759, distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase production five It is equipped with a sump with inlet and outlet pipes and a device for unloading sludge, in the upper part of the sump there is an intake with a filter element connected to the outlet pipe for supplying water to the stone body, and the inlet pipe is inclined under the chambers sink and stoneblade and connected with them through nozzles, while the device for unloading sediment includes a pressure pipe for stirring up the precipitated sediment and suction pipe l it fence, the upper end of the flowline is located in the inner cavity za- Data List, and the lower ends of both conduits are mounted in the bottom part of the settler. sixteen 36 47 kk Riga.1 27 bud 5 H S -J7 L T 52 33 FIG. four Aa 24 29 25 F Fig.z dd FIG. five