SU1608298A1 - Hydraulic hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction, in particular to the structures of pile hydraulic hammers, intended for driving dowels and piles, loosening solid soils, tamping and similar works. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and durability of work. Hydraulic hammer consists of a shock part 1 with a working cylinder in which the plunger 2 is placed. In the axial bore of the shock part 1 there is a rod-limiter 3 with an adjusting nut 4. The locking element 5 is mounted on a saddle 6 made in the form of a two-stage piston with an axial bore 7. The cavity 8 is connected to the pressure channel 9 and through an adjustable choke 10 to the working cavity 11. The cavity 11 is connected to the cavity 14 by channels 15. The cavity 12 is connected to the drain channel 13. In the initial position, the impact part 1 contacts the headboard 16 of the plunger 2, The element 5 is located on the seat of the piston 6. When the fluid is supplied to the channel 9, the shock part 1 together with the rod-limiter 3 and the two-stage piston 6 move relative to the plunger 2 upwards. With the passage of the gap Δ _{2, the} piston 6 stops. When the shock part 1 passes the distance (Δ ₂ + Δ ₁ ) it acts on the nut 4, opening the hole 7 and draining the fluid from the cavity 11 into the channel 13. In this case, the shock part 1 returns to its original position under the weight work For operation of the device, the diameter of the locking element is larger than the diameter of the stem restrictor at the interface with the impact part, which is larger than the diameter of the smaller step of the two-stage piston. 1 il.

Description

4. The locking element 5 is mounted on the saddle 6, made in the form of a two-stage piston with an axial bore 7. The cavity 8 is connected to the pressure channel 9 and through the adjustable throttle 10 - to work When the clearance L2 passes, the piston 6 stops. With the passage of the shock part I of the distance (Aa + Ai), it acts on the nut 4, leading to the opening of the hole 7 and the discharge of fluid from

g, I Jg i-1g-1- - - - J, -... cavity 11. The cavity 11 is connected with the cavity 11 into the channel 13. With this shock 14 channels 15. The cavity 12 is connected part 1 under the power of weight returns

with the drain channel 13. In its initial position in its original position, producing useful

The shock part 1 is in contact with the work. For device operation dia.meter

with a cap 16 of the plunger 2, the locking element larger than the diameter of the rod element 5 is located on the seat of the piston 6. The restrictor shaft is in place of the coupling with the blow. When the fluid is fed into the channel 9, the impact part is larger than the diameter of smaller part 1 together with the stem of the two-stage piston ,

Lem 3 and a two-stage piston 6 re-1 Il. is relative to the plunger 2 upwards.

When the clearance L2 passes, the piston 6 stops. With the passage of the shock part I of the distance (Aa + Ai), it acts on the nut 4, leading to the opening of the hole 7 and the discharge of fluid from

1- - - - J, -..... .. cavity 11 to channel 13. At the same time hit

The invention relates to the construction, in particular to the structures of pile hydraulic hammers, intended for driving dowels and piles, loosening solid soils, tamping and similar works.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and durability of work.

The drawing shows the structural scheme of the hammer in the original working position.

A hydraulic hammer consists of a shock part I with a working cylinder made in it, in which plunger 2 is placed. In the axial bore of the shock part 1 there is a stem-limiter 3 with an adjusting nut 4, and the lower end of the stem-restraint n is a locking element 5, which can be structurally made flat or conical. The seat of the locking element 5 is the upper end of a two-stage piston 6, in which an axial bore 7 is made. A cavity 8 formed by a plunger 2, larger and smaller steps of the two-stage piston 6, is connected directly to the pressure channel 9 and by means of adjustable throttle 10 with a working the cavity of the cylinder 11. The cavity 12 between the plunger 2 and the lower stage of the piston 6 is connected with,: channel 13. The cavity 14 formed between current and current — limited by 1 3 and shock 1, is connected by channels 15 to the working ii of the cylinder. P.

The plunger 2 is made at the same time. It is attached to the headgear 16 mounted on the pile 17. The guide columns 18 rigidly connect the headband 16 to the crosshead 19, which is used for transportation and the hydraulic hammer ycTciiioBKn to the pile.

Hydraulic hammer works as follows.

In the initial position under the blue weight, the U. Arna part I is in contact with the headgear 16 of the plunger 2. The saddle is in the form of a two-stage piston 6 and the rod-limiting

five

0

five

0

0

0

The body 3 is in its lowest position under the action of the force of its own weight, while the locking element 5 is located on the saddle of the two-stage piston 6.

When the working fluid is supplied to the pressure channel 9, the two-stage piston 6 together with the rod-limiter 3 is raised to the initial operating position. In this position, the end face of the cylinder of the shock part 1 limits the movement of the stem-limiter upwards, and the locking element 5 is mounted on the saddle of the two-stage piston 6. The clamping of the locking element 5 to the saddle of the two-stage piston 6 is provided by the difference of the squares of the stem-3 sections with diameters d2 and d | (di must be greater than d2). The rise of the two-stage piston 6 together with the stem-limiter 3 to the initial operating position occurs due to the difference of the areas of the cross-sections of the two-stage piston along the diameter d.j and the stem-limiter 3 along the diameter d {d2 must be greater than da). Thus, to ensure these movements, the condition must be maintained.

.

When the pressure of the fluid in the working cavity of the cylinder 11 increases, the force acting on the end of the working cylinder of the shock part 1 increases. When this force exceeds the weight of the shock part 1, the latter together with the stem-limiter 3 and the two-stage piston 6 move relative to the plunger 2 upwards. After clearance A2 passes, the two-stage piston 6 rests on the protrusion on the end face of the plunger 2 and stops together with the locking element 5. When the shock part 1 moves up and the distance (A2 + Ai) travels, the impact part 1 acts on the adjusting nut 4 and under the action of inertia forces

continues to move upwards some

time (t).

As a result of the gap between the locking element 5 and the seat of the two-stage piston 6, the working fluid from the cavity 11 flows through the axial hole 7 and the cavity 12 into the drain channel 13. In this case, the stem restrictor 3 moves upward until it touches the end of the cylinder with the impact part 1, which under the force of its own weight moves downward until it comes into contact with the cap 16 of the plunger 2. At the time of passing the distance AI, the locking element 5 is installed on the two-stage piston 6 and blocks the outflow of working fluid into the drain channel 13. Since at the moment of closing the locking element 5, the pressure of the working fluid in the cavity of the cylinder 11 is significantly less (more than 10 times) the pressure required to lift the shock part 1, the shock part 1, the stem restrictor 3 and the two-stage piston 6 under the action the inertia forces continue to move down until the moment when the shock part 1 comes into contact with the headgear 16. At the moment of impact, the kinetic energy of the shock part 1 is converted to the impact energy of the pile immersion 17. To reduce the kinetic energy loss when the impact falls the second part 1 requires that the value of Aq gap was minimal. With an increase in the gap size L2, the amount of energy increases, and it is expended to overcome the impact damping between the locking element 5 and the two-stage piston 6. The choke 10 helps to adjust the frequency of the working strokes of the striking part by changing the value of the working fluid supply, and also provides cavities 8 and I, which improves the conditions for closing the locking element 5 on the saddle of the two-stage piston 6. The two-level piston 6 through the cavity 8 damps the blow when closing the locking element 5, both pechiva raising period the hammer. Columns 18 and traverse 19 increase the rigidity of the device.

With increasing l; : lazy working fluid in the working cavity of cylinder II, shock part 1 rises again and the cycle of reciprocating movements of the shock part repeats.

The design of the proposed hydraulic hammer is simple, which increases the reliability and durability of its work. The service life of the device also increases due to the increased service life of the distributor (interface between the locking element and the double-sided / foam piston seat), since the impact of the locking element over the seat of the two-stage piston is damped by the pressure of the working fluid in the cavity formed by the plunger that is larger and the lesser steps of the two-step nopuin.

Claims (1)

Formula of invention Hydrohammer, including traverse with governing, installed in them the impact part with an axial bore and a working cylinder, placed in it pn. Zher, made with an axial canal, cm - limiter in the form of a locking meme; ; i. saddles, stem-limiter and pery.:inpo v..4j nut, working cavity, pressure and drain channels, different in that. what. Q in order to increase reliability and durability of operation, the rod-limiter is located in the axial bore of the impact part with the formation of a cavity, coefficient with the working cavity of the cylinder, and the seat is made in the form of a two-stage piston located in the axial channel of the plunssra, and the cavity under the larger the piston stage is connected to the pressure channel and through an adjustable throttle with the slave cavity of the cylinder, and the cavity under the lower stage of the piston communicates with 40 by a drain channel, wherein the diameter of the locking element is larger than the diameter of the stem-restrictor in the place of its coupling with the impact part, which is larger than the diameter of the smaller step of the two-stage piston.