SU1593613A1 - Method and apparatus for washing fruit and vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods and devices for washing fruits and vegetables and can be used in the food and canning industry. The aim of the invention is to intensify the process, improve the quality of washing and productivity and reduce the size of the device. The jets of the water-air mixture are directed from the nozzles 11 along the periphery of the mass of liquid with the raw material in the tank, tangentially to the outer layer of this mass or at an angle not exceeding 40 ° to the specified tangent and at an angle not more than 15 ° above the horizontal, or no more than 20 ° below it. Fruits or vegetables are loaded into the center of the tank in the loading zone and, rotating with the washing liquid, move in a spiral direction from the center to the periphery to the washing zone, with the greatest pipelization reached in the jet feeding zones. The guide plates 10 prevent the scattering of the jets in the chamber 8. In the process of such movement, the contaminated surfaces of the raw materials are soaked by the jets, and they have the maximum effect at the time of the greatest degree of soaking of the raw materials, which promotes better separation of the soils. The washed product from the outer layer of the rotating mass of liquid with the raw material is discharged into the discharge zone and discharged from the device using the discharge mechanism. 2 sec. f-ly, 2 zp f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The invention relates to methods for washing vegetables and can be used in the food and onserv industry. . 20

The aim of the invention is to intensify; process, improving the quality of washing, performance and smaller dimensions of the device.

FIG. 1 shows schematically 25 washing processes according to the proposed manual; in fig. 2 - supply of jets of water-air mixture at angles | 3 and Y relative to horizontal; on fig.Z the proposed device, the section; in d of fig. - section A-A in FIG. 3, in FIG. 5 - nozzle with a water-air mixer.

The method of washing fruits and vegetables is carried out as follows. 2J

The mass (B) of the washing liquid (Fig. 1) is brought into rotational-turbulent motion by jets (C) of the water-air mixture. Raw materials, such as Q tomatoes, are loaded into the center of rotation of said fluid. In this case, the jets of the water-air mixture are directed along the periphery of the mass of the liquid with the raw material tangentially to the outer layer of this mass either at an angle ci not exceeding 40 to the indicated tangent and at an angle not more than 15 above the horizontal or not more than 20 ° below her (Fig 2, respectively, the angles fi and y)

The rotational-turbulent motion of the mass of the liquid, achieved under the influence of the water-air mixture jets directed in this way, causes the raw material to move in a spiral (d) from the center to the periphery, with the greatest turbulization being achieved in the areas of the water-jet flow. In the process of such movement, the contaminated surface of the raw material

are soaked under the influence of water-air jets, and they have the maximum effect at the time of the greatest extent at the moment of the least adhesion of contaminants to the surface of the raw material. At the same time, simultaneously with the hydrodynamic effect exerted by the jets of the air / air mixture, the air bubbles contained in it continuously bambude the processed raw materials, contributing to a better separation of contaminants, which ntsificates the process and improves the quality of washing. The washed, raw material is discharged from the periphery of the mass of liquid, for example, by means of a discharge mechanism.

Example 1. A mass of washing liquid is brought into a injection-turbulent motion by jets of a water-air mixture. Raw materials are loaded into the center of rotation of the indicated liquid. The jets of the water-air mixture are directed horizontally and tangentially to the outer layer of the mass of liquid with the raw material. With such a flow of jets, the mass of liquid with the product acquires the greatest speed of feeding. At the same time, a high quality of washing is achieved and the intensity of the process is sufficient. The washed raw material is discharged from the periphery of the mass of liquid using the discharge mechanism.

Example 2. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, while the jets of the water-air mixture are directed horizontally and at an angle of 20 to the tangential outer layer of the mass of liquid with the raw material. In this case, an optimum balance of forces of the jets aimed at the rotation of the mass and into it is achieved. Taka feed

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provides intensive impact of jets along with high C5 orbital movement of raw materials, which determines the optimal mode of the process and contributes to high intensity and best washing quality. .

Example 3. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, while the jets of the water-air mixture are directed at an angle of 25 to the tangential outer layer of the mass of liquid with the raw material and at an angle of 5 ° above the horizontal. The result achieved is similar to the result obtained in example 2.

Example, The method is carried out analogously to example 1, while the jets of the water-air mixture are directed at an angle of 25 ° to the tangential outer layer of the mass of liquid with raw materials and at an angle of 5 below the horizontal. The result is similar to the result obtained in example 2.

Example 5. The method is carried out similarly to the burnt 1, but with this jet of water-air mixture, the liquid mass with the raw material is directed horizontally and at an angle of 40 to the tangential outer layer. With such a supply, a sufficient speed of the raw material is provided, however, a small part of fruits or vegetables are released from the periphery into the bulk of the liquid to the loading zone, which leads to a certain decrease in productivity. At the same time, such a supply ensures the required washing intensity and high-quality washing of fruits or vegetables from contamination.

Example 6. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, but with such a jet of water-air mixture is directed at an angle of 25 ° to the tangent outer layer of the mass of liquid with the raw material and at an angle of 15 ° above the horizontal. With such a supply, the speed of movement of raw materials is high, but there is a release of individual fruits or vegetables and a small emission

jets above the surface of the mass of liquid. The implementation of the method according to this example provides a high-quality washing, but at the same time the efficiency of the jets is reduced. Example 7. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, but the jets of water-air mixture are not

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at an angle of 25 to the tangential outer layer of the mass of liquid with the raw material and at an angle of 20 below the horizontal. Such a flow of jets provides a high rate of movement of the raw material, but at the same time, individual fruits or vegetables are thrown into the lower layers of the mass. The implementation of the method according to this example provides a high-quality washing of raw materials, but leads to a slight decrease in productivity.

The implementation of the supply of a jet of air mixture on the periphery of the mass of liquid with raw materials tangential to the outer layer of this mass or at an angle not exceeding kQ to the specified tangent outer layer (angle pi.) And at an angle not more than 15 above the horizontal (angle jb), or no more than 20 below it (angle) ensures the efficiency of washing, which satisfies the quality requirements, while increasing the intensity of the process. At the same time, the highest efficiency and intensity are as follows: - the washing is ensured when the jets of the water-air mixture are fed at an angle of about 20 to 0 ° and an angle (L or 0-5 °. The flow of these jets is at an angle greater than 40 to the tangent outer layer of the mass liquids with raw materials are impractical because they lead to a strong release of fruits or vegetables from the periphery to the center to the loading zone and to a deterioration in the quality of washing. The supply of air-water mixture jets at an angle of more than 15 ° above the horizontal entails unsatisfactory efficiency and the intensity of washing due to a significant jet ejection, above the surface of the washing liquid, and when jets are fed at an angle of more than 20 below the horizontal, has a strong discharge of fruit or into the depth of the tank and towards the center, which also severely affects the washing efficiency.

A device for washing fruits and vegetables, intended for carrying out the proposed method (Figures 3-5), includes a tank 1 with loading zones (D), washing (E) and unloading (g), equipped with a grid 2, a pump 3 with suction and pressure Highways 4 and 5, respectively, boot device 6, installed with the ability to supply raw materials to the central

a part of the washing zone, and a mechanism for 7 - loading of the processed product,

The tank 1 in the washing zone (E) is rounded, provided with an outer chamber 8 and communicated with it windows 9. The chamber 8 is equipped with straight plates 10, adjacent to windows 9 and nozzles 11 with air-water mixers 12. Fbrs Unki 11 are facing output suit to the windows and placed above the grate 2 with the possibility of partial water flooding not lower than the upper level (s) of the mixers 12.

B. According to the proposed method, each of the nozzles 11 is installed so that its axis (K) is directed along the tangent to the wall 13 of the container 1 or at an angle about not greater than 0 to the specified tangent at the point of intersection of the axis (K) of the nozzle 11 with the wall 13 At the same time, the axis (K) is located at an angle ft, not exceeding 15 ° above the horizontal, or at an angle not exceeding 2.0 ° below it (Fig. 2). .

Each guide plate 10 is located parallel to the axis of the corresponding nozzle 11. Suction line A of pump 3 is installed under the grill 2 and equipped with a filter 14. And the pressure line 5 is connected to nozzles 11. A valve 15 is installed at the discharge line 5 of the pump 3 liquids through nozuki. Each of the nozzles 11 is equipped with a pipe 16 air supply.

The ratio of the width (L) of the tank 1 in the wash zone (E) to the width (M) of the operating element of the unloading mechanism 7 is 1 ... 3. The tank 1 is provided with a valve 17 for removing heavy impurities that have settled during the operation, as well as a window for removing light impurities (not shown). An overflow (not) is provided for updating the water in the tank.

A device for carrying out the proposed method works as follows.

The tank 1 is filled with water before overflow and the pump 3 is turned on, which directs the water under pressure — into the mixers 12 of the nozzles 11. At the same time, air is supplied through the nozzles 16 into the mixers and air-flow into the mix is formed. Air-jet jets sent from nozzles 11 to

15936138

according to the proposed method, is driven in a rotationally-turbulent

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the movement of the mass of the washing liquid5 on the uyc in the tank 1 above the grid 2.

Fruits or vegetables are loaded into the center of the tank 1 into the loading zone (D), and, rotating with the washing liquid, travel along the spiral PJ of the center to the periphery to the washing zone E, subjected to intense jets. Everytime; Once in the zone of action, the jets, fruits or vegetables receive some acceleration due to which the entire mass of the liquid with the raw material is constantly in rotational-turbulent motion. The guide plates 10 prevent the dispersion of water-air jets in the chamber 8. The impact on the fruits or vegetables contained in the water-air mixture of air bubbles in combination with the barking of the specified raw material during its spiral direction and the friction of individual fruits or vegetables from each other, and in the final phase of the wash and against the wall of the container 1, it causes a quick and effective separation of contaminants and contributes to an increase in the productivity and quality of the wash, while reducing the dimensions of the proposed device twa.

The washed product from the outer layer of the rotating mass of the liquid with the raw material is discharged into the discharge zone (G) and discharged from the device using the discharge mechanism 7.

The ratio of the width of the container 1 in the washing zone to the width of the working body of the unloading mechanism 7, equal to 1 ... 3, determines the optimal unloading conditions while maintaining the conditions of directional movement of fruits and vegetables in a spiral from the center to the periphery. When the ratio of the width of the tank 1 in the washing zone to the width of the working body of the unloading mechanism 7 constituting jwieHee 1, the width of the working member of the unloading mechanism exceeds the width of the tank in the washing zone, which leads to a violation of the conditions of mass rotation of the liquid with the raw material The capacity in the washing zone to the width of the working body of the unloading mechanism, which is more than 3, occurs at the end of the unloading conditions, which leads to accumulation of the product in the tank and a decrease in washing efficiency.

Separated during the washing process, heavy impurities settle to the bottom of the tank 1, since below the grill 2 the mass of washing liquid is in relative rest and is removed through valve 17. Light impurities are removed through the corresponding window.

The use of jets of water-air mixture for washing and transporting raw materials increases the turbulence of the mass of liquid with raw materials.

Loading the raw material into the central part of the washing zone, along with the supply of jets of the air-air mixture by the proposed method and unloading from the periphery, provides the greatest trajectory of the raw material as it is directed spirally from the center to the periphery, and contributes to the creation of the best conditions of the washing process by ensuring adequacy maximum impact of the jets and the degree of locking the raw materials

Capacity: in the washing area with an outer chamber communicated with it by windows, and installing guide plates and nozzles with air intake mixers ke in the chamber at the proposed level while ensuring the supply of water-air jets in accordance with the proposed method ensures directional rotational-turbulent movement of the mass of the liquid with the product in a spiral from the center to the periphery and determine the possibility of maximum impact of the jets on the raw material being processed in the final- washing phase, which improves and facilitates Definition impurities and thus contributes to the effectiveness and intensification, cleaning process. At the same time, making the container in the washing zone rounded off allows reducing the resistance of the walls of the container to the rotating mass of the washing liquid and avoiding the occurrence of stagnant (dead) zones.

Installing the nozzles in the outer chamber 8, and not in the tank 1, prevents damage to the raw materials from the nozzles and thereby causes a high-quality washing of the raw materials not only with a hard but also with a soft structure.

The arrangement of the guide plates parallel to the axis of the nozzles ensures the required flow direction.

air mixture and its minimum dispersion.

Claims (3)

1. The method of washing fruits and vegetables (providing for the loading of raw materials, washing them with simultaneous movement of jets of washing liquid and unloading, characterized in that, in order to intensify the process and improve the quality of washing, washing and moving are carried out by jets of water-air mixture they are directed along the periphery of the mass of the liquid with the raw material tangentially to the outer layer of this mass or at an angle not exceeding kQ ° to the tangent, and at an angle not more than 15 above the horizontal or not more than 20 ° below it, and the raw material is loaded into the center neither said mass and unloading - with its periphery. 2. A device for washing fruits and vegetables, including a container with loading, washing and unloading areas, equipped with a grill, loading device, a pump with suction and pressure lines, and an unloading mechanism, distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase productivity, quality of washing and size reduction, it is additionally equipped with nozzles with water-air mixers, the tank in the washing area is enclosed by an outer chamber, communicated with it by windows, the loading device is installed with the ability to feed raw materials to the central part There are washing zones, while in the outer chamber there are installed guide plates adjacent to the windows and nozzles facing the last part to the latter, with the nozzles placed above the grate and connected to the pump discharge line. 3 .. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that each guide plate is arranged parallel to the axis of the corresponding nozzle. . A device according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the width of the tank in the washing zone to the width of the working body of the discharge mechanism is 1 ... 3. V a 7 Fy I one R fi uj 7 / 7 2 B X 2.2 Fi.Z