SU1556636A1 - Installation for concentration liquid products - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technique for the concentration of various substances and can be used to concentrate liquid food products at positive temperatures, for example, from 0 to 10 ° C. The goal is to reduce energy consumption and simplify the design by using a substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates as a gas. The cooled liquid product from the collector 18 is fed through the evaporator 32 of the refrigerating machine 28 and the nozzle 2 into the upper part of the column 7, into the mixing tank 1, where simultaneously a gaseous substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates is fed from the gas generator 25 through the condenser-evaporator 24. The combination of water into crystalline hydrates leads to an increase in the concentration of the remaining part of the product, which flows through the perforated elements 9 of the separator 6 into the cavity 8 to collect the liquid, from where it is discharged through the nozzle into the collector 17. The crystalline hydrates collected in the separator 6 are thawed the collector 16 through the spray device 40. The evolved gas is condensed in the condenser-evaporator 24 and flows in a liquid form into the gas generator 25. The irrigation water and the resulting water will flow into cavity 8, and then merged into a collection of 16. 2 z. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

UNION OF ADVISORS

SOCIALIST

REPUBLIN

₍₁₉ , SU ₍₁₁₁ 1556636 A 1 (51) 5 A 23 L 2/08, F 26 V 5/16 ______________

STATE NOMINATION

BY INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES

AT GNST USSR

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

TO AUTHOR'S CERTIFICATE

(21) 4409788 / 40-13 (22) 13.04.88 (46) 15.04.90. Bull. No. 14 (75) E. A. Pokhilenko and A. E. Pokhilenko (53) 621.565 (088.8) (56) USSR Copyright Certificate No. 392892, cl. F 25 B 5/16, 1973.

USSR copyright certificate No. 1327871, cl. A 23 L 2/08, 1982.

(54) INSTALLATION FOR CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID PRODUCTS (57) The invention relates to techniques for the concentration of various substances and can be used to concentrate liquid foods at positive temperatures, for example, from 0 to 10 ° G. The goal is to reduce energy consumption and simplify the design by using as a gas a substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates. The cooled liquid product from the collector 18 is fed through the evaporator 32 of the refrigeration machine 28 and the nozzle 2 to the upper part of the column 7, into the mixing tank 1, where a gaseous substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates is simultaneously fed from the gas generator 25 through the condenser-evaporator 24. The combination of water in crystalline hydrates leads to an increase in the concentration of the remaining part of the product, which flows through the perforated elements 9 of the separator 6 into the cavity 8 to collect the liquid _, from where it is discharged through the nozzle to the collector 17. The crystalline hydrates collected in the separator 6 are thawed by pumping melt water 39 from the collection 16 through the spraying device 40. The evolved gas is condensed in the condenser-evaporator 24 and flows in liquid form to the gas generator 25. The water flowing out for irrigation and formed as a result of melting drains into the cavity 8, and then merges into the collection 16. 2 h. P. f-ly, 1 ill.

s

Z7

4'.

The invention relates to techniques for concentrating various substances, and can be used to concentrate liquid food products at positive temperatures, for example, 0-10 ° C.

The purpose of the isoretion is to reduce energy consumption and simplify the design by using a substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates as a gas.

The drawing shows a diagram of an installation for concentrating liquid products.

The installation contains a container 1 for mixing product and gas with a nozzle 2 and a nozzle 3 for supplying or discharging gas, a mold 4 with a pack of plates 5 of a segment type arranged in cascade, a separator 6. A tank 1, a crystallizer 4 and a separator 6 are combined into one column 7 s the formation in its lower part of the cavity 8 for collecting fluid. The separator 6 contains a block of perforated elements 9 in the form of a truncated cone, loosely nested one on top of another, fixed by a large base on the column body 7. The lower element 9 contains a perforated bottom 10 to which perforated pipes 11 are directed upward. In the lower part of the column 7 in the zone cavities 8 for collecting fluid made pipes 12-14 connected by pipelines 15 with collectors 16-18, respectively, melt water, concentrate, cooled non-concentrated product and a pump 19. On the pipelines 15 installed Valves 20-23.

The installation comprises a condenser-evaporator 24 connected to a gas generator 25 having a heat exchanger 26 and to a pipe branch 3 of a pipe 27. A substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates is used as gas. The installation is equipped with a refrigerating machine 28, including a compressor 29, a condenser 30, a receiver 31, an evaporator 32, heat exchangers 33 installed after the condenser 30 and after the receiver 31, and control valves 34 and 35.

The pump 19 is connected by a pressure pipe 36 through an evaporator 32 with a nozzle 2, and a suction pipe 37 through a valve 38 - with the collector 18 of the non-concentrated product.

The installation is also equipped with an additional pump 39 and a spraying device 40 located in a column above the separator 6. The melt water collector 16 is connected by pressure pipelines 41 through an additional pump 39 and a valve 42 with a spraying device 40.

Through the pressure pipe 41, valve 43, heat exchangers 33 and drain pipe 44, the melt water collector 16 is included in a closed circulation circuit.

Installation works as follows. The cooled liquid product from the collector 18 with the valve 38 open is pumped through the suction pipe 37 through the evaporator 32 of the refrigeration machine 28 and the nozzle 2 to the top of the column 7, into the tank 1 for mixing with gas. When the upper level in the fluid collection cavity 8 is reached, the product supply is stopped by closing the valve 38 and opening the valve 22 to recycle the concentrated product. At the same time in the mold 4 from the gas generator 25 through the condenser-evaporator 24, the pipeline. 27 and nozzle 3 supply a gaseous substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates (e.g., propane). The gas pressure in the column 7 is maintained constant by supplying heat to a heat exchanger 26 mounted in the gas generator 25.

Then, the refrigerating machine 28 is turned on and the control valve 34 is opened to cool the circulating product in the evaporator 32.

Cooled to a temperature of -f-1 ... 0 ° C in evaporator 32, the product in nozzle 2 is sprayed into small droplets. Subsequently, the liquid product with a thin film flows cascade along the plates 5 installed in the crystallizer 4. Spraying the cooled liquid product into small droplets and draining it in the form of a thin film in the crystallizer 4 leads to saturation of the liquid product with a gaseous substance, which together with the water molecules of the product forms crystalline hydrates (unstable chemical compound).

The process of hydrate formation is accompanied by the release of heat (32 kcal / mol for propine), which is perceived by the rest of the product with heating to the maximum critical temperature of hydrate formation (5 ^ ° C). The combination of water in crystalline hydrates leads to an increase in the concentration of the remaining part of the product. The product is drained from the crystallizer 4 with the formed crystalline hydrates through the hatch located in the same column 7 into the separator 6, from which the liquid product flows through the perforated surface into the fluid collection cavity 8, and the crystalline hydrates accumulate in the separator 6. As the product concentrates, cavity 8 decreases, while the number of crystalline hydrates in the separator 6 increases.

In the process of concentrating the product, the melt water from the collector 16 is pumped through a pressure pipe 41 through an open valve 43 to the heat exchangers 33. The heated water is drained after the heat exchangers 33 to the melt water collector 16. The supply of melt water with a temperature of 5-10 ° C to the heat exchangers 33 provides an increase in the cooling capacity of the installation, which has a positive effect on reducing the energy consumption during generation

5 ’cold. However, heating melt water to 10 ° C in heat exchangers 33 provides the installation with thermal energy designed to thaw crystalline hydrates.

When bringing the product to the desired concentration, turn off the refrigerator 28, the pumps 19 and 39, stop the heat supply to the heat exchanger 26, close the valves 22 and 43 and open the valve 20 to release the concentrate into the collector 17.

After the concentrated product is drained from the cavity 8, the valve 20 is closed and valves 23 and 38 are opened. When the pump 19 is turned on again, the process of washing crystalline hydrates with the non-concentrated cooled product from the collector 18 from the concentrated product adhering to it begins.

The liquid product after washing the crystalline hydrates flows through the separator 6 into the cavity 8, and then through the pipe 15 through the open valve 23 again flows into the collector 18. The washing process of crystalline hydrates is completed by turning off the pump 19 and closing the valves 23 and 38.

The crystalline hydrates accumulated in the separator 6 are thawed by supplying warm water from the collector 16 with the pump 39 with the valve 42 open. Irrigation of the crystalline hydrates in the separator 6 with warm water is carried out through a spray device 40. At the same time, the refrigeration machine 28 is turned on with the opening of the control valve 35 for supply of cold to the evaporator-condenser 24.

Under the influence of heat from melt water (from collector 16) and as a result of a decrease in pressure in the installation due to gas condensation in the evaporator-condenser 24, the crystalline hydrates melt, releasing gas that was previously part of the composition of crystalline hydrates. The released gas is condensed in the evaporator-condenser 24 and flows in liquid form to the gas generator 25. Water flowing for irrigation and formed as a result of thawing flows into the cavity 8, and then through the pipe 15 through the open valve 21 is discharged into the collector 16.

After the process of thawing crystalline hydrates and draining the water from the cavity 8 is completed, the pump 39 and the refrigeration machine 28 are turned off, and the valves 21, 35 and 42 are closed. In this case, the installation is again ready for concentration of the next quantity of product.

Technical. Implementation of the proposed device will allow:

- to carry out the process of concentration of liquid products at an elevated boiling point of the refrigerant in the refrigeration unit (from –5 to + 8 ° С) and lower energy consumption for the generation of cold;

- use the accumulated cold in crystalline hydrates to cool the water, which is subsequently used to increase the cooling capacity of the installation;

- use the heat from the refrigeration unit to heat water intended for the melting of crystalline hydrates;

- create a more compact and easier installation design, in which the apparatus for concentration, separation, accumulation of crystalline hydrates and a liquid collector are combined in one equipment - column 1;

- to obtain a product of the highest quality with preservation of the chemical structure, aroma and biological value.

Claims (4)

Claim 1. Installation for concentrating liquid products, containing a container for mixing the product and gas with a nozzle and nozzle for supplying or discharging gas, a crystallizer, a separator, collectors of concentrate and melt water, a condenser-evaporator for liquefying gas, a pump, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption and pack ~ 25 growing the structure by using a substance capable of forming crystalline hydrates as gas, the installation is equipped with a refrigerating machine, a gas generator and a non-concentrated product collector, while a container for mixing 3 ° of product and gas, a crystallizer and a separator are combined in an old column to form in the lower part of the cavity liquid collection, moreover, the mold contains a package of segment-type plates arranged in cascade, and melt water collectors, 35 concentrate and non-concentrated product are connected to the fluid collection cavity. 2. Installation according to π. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional pump 4θ and a spray device located in a column above the separator, and the chiller contains heat exchangers installed after the condenser, and the melt water collector is piped through a pump with a spray device 45 and is included in a closed circulation circuit with heat exchangers of the refrigeration unit. 3. Installation according to π. 1, characterized in that the separator contains a block of perforated elements in the form of a truncated cone, ⁵ θ inserted one into the other, reinforced with a large base on the column body, the lower element containing a bottom to which perforated pipes directed inside the block are attached. Editor M. Tsitkina _.3 order 672 Compiled by I. Shabalin Tehred I. Veres Corrector T. Paly Type 507 Subscribed VNIIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee for Science and Technology 113035, Moscow, Zh — 35, Raushskaya nab., D. 4/5 Production and Publishing Plant "Patent", Uzhgorod, ν.τ. Gagarina, 101