CN111939586A

CN111939586A - Vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method distributed energy supply station

Info

Publication number: CN111939586A
Application number: CN201910402850.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武伟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-15
Filing date: 2019-05-15
Publication date: 2020-11-17

Abstract

The invention provides a distributed energy supply station adopting a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method, which comprises a cold-heat energy separation device and a low-temperature power generation device, wherein the cold-heat energy separation device comprises separation equipment and a vacuum pump unit, and the cold-heat energy separation equipment comprises a sealed container, and a water inlet and a steam outlet are formed in the sealed container; the air suction port of the vacuum pump unit is connected with the steam outlet on the sealed container, and a high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet is also arranged; the low-temperature power generation device comprises a low-temperature generator set, a low-temperature generator, a power generation medium evaporator and a power generation medium condenser; the power generation medium condenser is connected with a power generation medium flow channel in the power generation medium evaporator and is connected with the low-temperature generator to form a circulating system; and a high-temperature steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected with a high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of a vacuum pump unit in the cold-heat energy separation equipment through a pipeline. The supply station efficiently, economically and greenly provides electric energy, heat energy and cold energy.

Description

Vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method distributed energy supply station

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration and low-temperature power generation, and provides a distributed energy supply station adopting a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method.

Background

The low-temperature power generation technology is mainly used for geothermal power generation, spent steam recycling after power generation of a power plant and utilization of industrial waste heat, but in practical application, the sources of low-cost waste heat and spent steam are not wide, so that the application of low-temperature power generation is not popular, and especially in remote areas with low power development level, the low-temperature power generation condition is not developed generally. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method can provide a stable steam source meeting the use requirement of low-temperature power generation in an area with a water source efficiently and at low cost.

An air energy water heater capable of generating electricity by utilizing waste heat in the prior art belongs to a heat pump system, and the mainstream technology of the existing heat pump is based on a compressor technology to realize the transfer and use of cold and heat energy. Due to the limitation of the equipment principle and the working environment, the COP value of the existing compressor equipment is lower than 6 for a long time (the COP of the domestic air conditioner with national first-level energy consumption is only about 3.4, and the COP of the heat pump system is also lower than 6). Although the air energy water heater can simultaneously supply heat and cool, the system COP is still below 6 due to the limitation of the heat pump device of the compressor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method distributed energy supply station which can provide electric energy, heat energy and cold energy in an efficient, economical and green form. The conventional mode of using compressor equipment in the prior art is changed, and a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method is adopted, so that low-temperature steam and/or hot water with low cost and high heat energy consumption ratio can be provided for low-temperature power generation, and electric energy, heat energy and cold energy can be provided at low cost.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

a distributed energy supply station by a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method comprises a group of cold-heat energy separation devices and a low-temperature power generation device,

the cold and heat energy separating device comprises a group of separating equipment and a vacuum pump unit,

the cold and heat energy separation equipment comprises a sealed container, wherein the sealed container is at least provided with a water inlet and a steam outlet;

the air suction port of the vacuum pump unit is connected with the steam outlet on the sealed container, and a high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet is also arranged on the air suction port;

the low-temperature power generation device comprises a low-temperature generator set, and the generator set comprises:

a low temperature generator;

a power generation medium evaporator for supplying power generation medium steam to the low-temperature generator, and

a power generation medium condenser for receiving the power generation medium discharged from the low-temperature generator,

the power generation medium condenser and the power generation medium evaporator are both dividing wall type heat exchangers, and power generation medium channels in the power generation medium condenser and the power generation medium evaporator are connected and connected with the low-temperature generator to form a circulating system;

these are prior art and may be specifically: a low-temperature power generation medium inlet and a high-temperature power generation medium steam outlet are arranged on a power generation medium flow channel in the power generation medium evaporator, and a high-temperature steam inlet and a low-temperature bled steam outlet are arranged on a heating medium flow channel; a high-temperature power generation medium inlet and a low-temperature power generation medium outlet are arranged on a power generation medium flow channel in the power generation medium condenser, and a low-temperature medium inlet and a high-temperature medium outlet are arranged on a cooling medium flow channel; a high-temperature power generation medium steam outlet on the power generation medium evaporator is connected with a power generation medium steam inlet of the low-temperature power generator through a pipeline, a power generation medium exhausted steam outlet of the low-temperature power generator is connected with a high-temperature power generation medium inlet of the power generation medium condenser through a pipeline, and a low-temperature power generation medium outlet of the power generation medium condenser is connected with a low-temperature power generation medium inlet on the power generation medium evaporator directly or through a storage tank;

is characterized in that:

and a high-temperature steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected with the high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the cold and heat energy separation equipment through a pipeline.

The mechanism of the invention is as follows: the steam with the temperature of about 100 ℃ separated from the cold and heat energy separation device or the converted hot water with the temperature of more than 90 ℃ is utilized to heat the power generation medium in the low-temperature power generation device to vaporize the power generation medium, and then the vaporized power generation medium pushes the screw expander to drive the generator to run to generate power; the heat source for heating the generating medium is provided by a cold and heat energy separation device, a vacuum pump unit in the cold and heat energy separation device is used for pumping air to the sealed container for reducing pressure, a vacuum working environment is manufactured in the sealed container, liquid such as water in the sealed container is evaporated, water vapor takes away heat, the steam pumped by the vacuum pump unit is subjected to step-by-step pressure rise without a cooling device arranged in an interstage, the temperature of the steam discharged from the last stage can reach about 100 ℃, and the low-temperature steam or the converted hot water with the temperature of more than 90 ℃ is used as the heat source for heating the generating medium for vaporizing the generating medium and driving a low-temperature generator to generate electricity.

The working process of the cold-heat energy separation device is as follows: the pressure in the working space of the sealed container is continuously reduced according to the technological parameter requirement along with the improvement of the vacuum degree according to the technological requirement, the vacuum degree can be controlled to ensure that the water in the sealed container keeps a liquid state, and the vacuum degree can also be improved to ensure that the water in the sealed container enters an ice sublimation area, namely a normal production pressure parameter area of the process. Since ice is generated on the water surface, the sublimation reaction starts. In this case, an ice discharger in the sealed container is used, and an ice slurry outlet is provided in the sealed container, so that ice is discharged from the space through the ice slurry outlet. The removal of a portion of the ice layer provides conditions for continued evaporation of water beneath the ice layer. The water vapour that continues to evaporate in turn provides good heat transfer conditions for the sublimation of the ice layer. At the moment, the sublimation and the evaporation are simultaneously carried out in the sealed container, water vapor continuously overflows and is pumped out by the vacuum pump unit and takes away a large amount of heat, and low-temperature new raw material water is continuously frozen into ice in the sealed container. And discharging finished ice through a separating device to finish the whole ice making and steam production flow.

The cold and heat energy separation equipment can comprise a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device and/or a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device with relatively high set temperature in a sealed container, and an ice slurry outlet is also formed in the sealed container in the low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device; and the sealed container in the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device is at least provided with a water inlet and a steam outlet.

The low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device and the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device are similar in form, but different in working pressure and temperature area. The low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device is used for separating freezing latent heat of water, so that an ice slurry outlet is formed in the sealed container, and the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device is used for separating water vapor with high efficiency and low consumption. The working temperature of the low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device can be below 0 ℃, and the working temperature of the high-temperature unit can be above 10 ℃.

Because when the temperature is lower or reaches the freezing point, the evaporation efficiency of water can be greatly reduced, in order to ensure that the water vapor generation efficiency is enough, the technology adopts the technical means of stirring, cold boiling, increasing the evaporation area and adding a heat exchanger or a cold trap at the outlet of a back-stage vacuum pump so as to realize the efficient separation of cold and heat energy.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

in the sealed container, a stirring device may be provided.

The cold boiling is manufactured, preferably, a liquid supply disc is arranged in the sealed container, the liquid supply disc is arranged at the lower part in the sealed container and is lower than the set liquid level height in the sealed container, the liquid supply disc is a shower head, a liquid spraying hole is arranged upwards, and a liquid inlet hole at the bottom is connected with the water inlet through a pipeline.

In use, the liquid supply tray is positioned below the liquid level, and water is sprayed from the liquid spray holes upwards from the liquid supply tray, so that cold boiling is formed in the sealed container.

In order to improve the evaporation efficiency of water in a sealed container, there is also an effective measure to increase the temperature of the feed water. In order to increase the inlet water temperature, the following measures can be adopted:

the method comprises the following steps: improve into water temperature through preheating mode, promptly:

a preheater may be provided on the pipe line of the water inlet of the sealed container so that the water entering the sealed container is preheated.

And what is used as the heating medium of the preheater? The following schemes are possible:

the scheme is that a low-temperature power generation medium is adopted as a preheating agent:

preferably, the generating medium outlet of the low-temperature generator in the low-temperature generating device can be connected with one end of a branch pipe, the other end of the branch pipe is connected with the heating medium inlet of the preheater arranged on the water inlet of the sealed container and used for heating water entering the sealed container through the partition wall, the heating medium outlet of the preheater is connected with one end of a generating medium return pipe, and the other end of the generating medium return pipe is connected with the generating medium inlet of a generating medium evaporator in the low-temperature generating device or connected with a generating medium storage tank. Thereby using the heat of the power generation medium to raise the temperature of the water entering the sealed container.

The second scheme adopts high-temperature steam exhausted by a vacuum pump unit connected with a sealed container as a preheating agent:

preferably, the inlet of the heating medium of the preheater is connected with one end of a branch pipeline, the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with a branch port on the high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit, and the outlet of the heating medium of the preheater can be emptied or connected with the heating steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device.

The third scheme is that cooling water for cooling the generating medium in the low-temperature generating device is used as a preheating agent:

preferably, the inlet of the heating medium of the preheater is connected with one end of a branch pipeline, the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser in the low-temperature power generation device, and the heating medium outlet of the preheater can be emptied or connected with a storage tank through a pipeline.

The fourth scheme is that the exhausted steam for heating the generating medium in the low-temperature generating device is used as a preheating agent:

preferably, an inlet of the heating medium of the preheater is connected with one end of a branch pipeline, the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device, and the heating medium outlet of the preheater can be emptied or connected with a storage tank through a pipeline.

Furthermore, the outlet of the heating medium of the preheater can be connected with a sewer and also can be communicated with the water inlet, and water or steam is introduced into the sealed container for use.

The second measure is as follows: the hot water with a certain temperature of the heating medium used directly before in the preheater is fed into the sealed container, namely:

the water inlet of the sealed container is connected with one end of a pipeline, and the other end of the pipeline can be connected with at least one of the following devices:

a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser;

a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

and a branch opening on the high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit.

The third measure is as follows: and a cold-heat energy separation device is further arranged, water entering from a water inlet of the new cold-heat energy separation device comes from hot water condensed from high-temperature steam pumped by the element cold-heat energy separation device, or the entering water comes from hot water formed by exhausted steam discharged from a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device or cooling water discharged from a power generation medium condenser, namely:

the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device which is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, an ice slurry outlet is also formed in the sealed container, and a storage tank is connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the primary cold and heat energy separation device; the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device is also arranged between the primary cold and heat energy separation device and the low-temperature power generation device and comprises a secondary sealed container, the secondary sealed container is at least provided with a high-temperature water inlet and a high-temperature steam outlet, the high-temperature water inlet is connected with a storage tank connected with the high-temperature steam outlet of the primary cold and heat energy separation device, the high-temperature steam outlet is connected with a secondary vacuum pump unit, and the final-stage steam outlet of the secondary vacuum pump unit is connected with a heating steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline; in the alternative, the first and second sets of the first,

the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, and also comprises a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, is called a secondary cold and heat energy separation device, the secondary cold and heat energy separation device comprises a secondary sealed container, at least a secondary water inlet and a secondary steam outlet are arranged on the secondary sealed container, and the secondary water inlet is connected with a waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device or a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser through a pipeline; the secondary steam outlet is connected with a secondary vacuum pump unit, and a final-stage steam outlet of the secondary vacuum pump unit is connected with a heating steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline and/or is connected with a heating steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in another low-temperature power generation device; or the following steps:

the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device which is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, and also comprises a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device which is called a secondary cold and heat energy separation device, the secondary cold and heat energy separation device comprises a secondary sealed container, at least a secondary water inlet and a secondary steam outlet are arranged on the secondary sealed container, in addition, a dividing wall type heat exchanger is also included, wherein a heating agent flow passage and a water flow passage are arranged, a steam outlet of the last stage of the vacuum pump unit in the primary cold and heat energy separation device is connected with an inlet of the heating agent flow passage of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the water inlet on the sealed container in the secondary cold and heat energy separation device is connected with the outlet of the water flow passage of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, and a secondary steam outlet of the secondary cold and heat energy separation device is connected with a high-temperature steam inlet of a power generation medium evaporator on the low-temperature power generation device. .

The cold and heat energy separation equipment can be used again for separating the heat energy in the water to generate new water vapor for the exhausted steam after power generation and the hot water after the steam is condensed in the power generation medium evaporator. Since the evaporation efficiency of water at higher temperatures is several times higher than that at lower temperatures, the energy expended to obtain the same amount of heat energy is only a fraction of that at lower temperatures. The steam energy can be reused. Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,

in the aforementioned cold-heat energy separation device, the water inlet of the sealed container is connected to one end of a pipeline, and the other end of the pipeline can be connected to at least one of the following devices:

a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser;

a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

and a branch pipe orifice on a high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit.

A measure may also be taken to facilitate evaporation of the water in the sealed container: and a heater is arranged at the upper part in the sealed container and is positioned above the set liquid level in the sealed container.

Preferably, the heater is a heating coil, and two end nozzles of the heating coil hermetically extend out of the sealed container to be connected with a heating medium supply device.

Preferably, the heating medium supply device to which the heating coil is connected may be the vacuum pump unit, and a branch pipe is led out from a steam outlet of the vacuum pump unit and connected with the heating coil.

It can also be: the heating coil is connected with a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser;

the heating coil is connected with a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

the heating coil is connected with a spent steam outlet of the low-temperature generator.

The arrangement of the heating coil is favorable for the steam output efficiency of pressure reduction and temperature rise. The vaporized power generation medium is heated by the hot steam generated in the cold and heat energy separation device, more than 80% of energy is not utilized after primary power generation, and the heat energy separation unit can be reused for secondary power generation or multiple times of power generation, so that the energy separated by the cold and heat energy separation technology is fully utilized.

Therefore, the low-temperature generator set comprises at least two low-temperature generators which are connected in series, namely, a generating medium steam exhaust outlet of the former low-temperature generator is connected with a generating medium steam inlet of the latter low-temperature generator through a pipeline, and a generating medium steam exhaust outlet of the last low-temperature generator is connected with a generating medium steam exhaust inlet of the generating medium condenser through a pipeline.

A water inlet is arranged above the liquid level of the sealed container, and a water spraying device is arranged on the water inlet, so that the water enters the sealed container in a water-feeding spraying manner.

And a water inlet is arranged above the liquid level in the sealed container and is connected with one end of a connecting pipe, and the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser and/or a steam-lack outlet of the power generation medium evaporator.

That is, raw water may be injected into the water inlet above the liquid surface, or raw water may be supplied without injection, and hot water is preferably injected to improve the steam yield. Therefore, the water spray is connected with at least one of the following devices:

a cooling water outlet connected with the power generation medium condenser;

and the bled steam outlet is connected with the power generation medium evaporator.

Preferably, the water jet of the water jet device is arranged in a horizontal direction or a downward inclined direction.

The vacuum pump unit is a multistage vacuum pump, wherein an air suction port of the first stage vacuum pump is connected with a steam outlet on the sealed container, an air suction port of the later stage is connected with an air exhaust port of the former stage, the air suction amount of each stage of vacuum pump from front to back is gradually reduced, so that the extracted steam pressure is gradually increased to atmospheric pressure, and the last stage is provided with the high-temperature steam and/or hot water exhaust port.

Preferably, the multistage vacuum pump, wherein the first stage vacuum pump and the second stage vacuum pump are roots vacuum pumps, and the last stage vacuum pump is a screw type vacuum pump.

The energy supply station provided by the invention is characterized in that:

the energy supply station utilizes stable steam flow generated by a cold-heat energy separation technology as energy supply for low-temperature power generation. Because the efficiency of generating steam is high and the energy consumption is low, electric energy and heat energy can be provided at low cost, and even cold energy can be provided. Meanwhile, the heat energy separating device of the variant unit using the cold and heat energy separating device enables the heat energy with lower quality which cannot be used in the original low-temperature power generation to be well utilized, and the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved.

The power generation medium used by the generator of the invention provides steam through the cold and heat energy separation device, and the sealed container is a key part of the vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation device, namely, the sealed container has higher vacuum degree in the cold and heat energy separation device, water in the sealed container can be evaporated and vaporized at lower temperature, steam with higher temperature is obtained by pumping out a vacuum pump unit, and the steam is used for heating the power generation medium in the low-temperature generator set. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation technology is a technology for separating, storing and using cold energy and heat energy by utilizing a vacuum technology and the physical properties of water.

Because of adopting the high-efficient vacuum sublimation evaporation technology different from the compressor technology, on the premise of not using other refrigeration media and a matched refrigeration medium circulating system, the energy transfer link is reduced, the system efficiency is improved, the efficiency is greatly improved, the overall efficiency of the system is greatly improved, and the COP value can at least reach more than 18. Meanwhile, the phase-change substances (steam and ice) of water are used as carriers of energy and applied media, so that the cold and hot energy is more convenient to separate and use. The invention seeks a low-energy-consumption technology to partially replace the traditional compressor technology, and realizes energy conservation and consumption reduction. Vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation technology can provide a new solution. The high-efficiency vacuum sublimation evaporation unit is used for separating and utilizing cold energy and heat energy, and is a new technology application based on the second law of thermodynamics. The physical characteristics of the phase change principle, the steam partial pressure and the like of water are utilized, so that the refrigeration and heating processes with large energy consumption are realized, and ice and liquid water are sublimated and evaporated in an environment with high vacuum degree and low temperature in a manner of conforming to the natural law, and then water vapor is pumped away. The cold energy and the hot energy can be separated by using less energy. The technology heats while refrigerating, separates cold energy in the form of ice (solid state) and heat energy in the form of (gaseous) steam, and utilizes the separated cold energy and heat energy. The vacuum level in the sealed container can also be set low for the energy supply station, i.e. the water in the sealed container does not necessarily freeze but only evaporates at a low temperature.

Furthermore, the exhausted steam and the condensed hot water after power generation are reused and enter a water inlet of a sealed container of the original or secondary cold and heat energy separation equipment to separate out the heat energy in the water and generate new water steam. Since the evaporation efficiency of water at higher temperatures is several times higher than at lower temperatures, the energy expended to obtain the same amount of high quality heat energy (water vapor) is only a fraction of that at lower temperatures. The energy of the new steam can be reused. By utilizing the hot water after power generation, if two sets of cold and heat energy separation devices are used, different vacuum degrees are set in two sealed containers, the former sealed container which enters the normal temperature water is set with a higher vacuum degree, and the latter secondary sealed container can be set with a lower vacuum degree because the hot water enters the secondary sealed container.

The cold-heat energy separation device is additionally provided with another cold-heat energy separation device in the second stage, the cold-heat energy separation device in the first stage is set to be in a higher vacuum degree, heat energy is separated by utilizing crystallization heat of water, the cold-heat energy separation device in the second stage is set to be in a lower vacuum degree, evaporation efficiency is mainly improved, a large amount of high-quality heat energy steam is obtained and used for a low-temperature power generation device, and power generation efficiency can be improved.

The invention is further illustrated by the figures and examples.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed energy supply station of a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy supply station added with a secondary cold-hot energy separation device on the basis of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy supply station added with a secondary cold-hot energy separation device on the basis of fig. 1.

Fig. 3a is a variant embodiment of fig. 3.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy supply station which is added with a structure for preheating raw water by using steam extracted from a sealed container by a vacuum pump unit on the basis of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the energy supply station of fig. 1, to which a structure for preheating raw water with cooling water for cooling power generation medium steam in the power generation plant is added.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an energy supply station to which a structure for preheating raw water with steam after heating a vaporized power generation medium in a power generation device is added on the basis of fig. 1.

FIG. 7 is a graph of water evaporation at different temperatures and pressures.

FIG. 8 is an equilibrium phase diagram of water.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between operating conditions and COPs, in which COP conditions in the conventional compression refrigeration or heating are shown, in which the abscissa is a state point where the temperature difference between the artificial environment and the fluid is different, and the ordinate is a COP value corresponding to each state point.

FIG. 10 is a graph of operating conditions versus COP showing the COP status of the method of the present invention during cooling or heating.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a distributed energy supply station of vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-hot energy separation method provided by the invention, which comprises a low-temperature power generation device and a cold-hot energy separation device,

the low-temperature power generation device is in the prior art and comprises a low-temperature power generator set, the power generator set comprises a low-temperature power generator 1, a power generation medium evaporator 2 and a power generation medium condenser 3,

the low-temperature generator 1 is a low-temperature steam generator, specifically a screw expansion generator, and comprises a shell, wherein a screw is arranged in the shell, and the shell is provided with a power generation medium steam inlet 11 and a power generation medium exhausted steam outlet 12.

The power generation medium evaporator 2 is a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a power generation medium inlet 21 and a power generation medium steam outlet 22 are arranged on the power generation medium evaporator and communicated with a power generation medium evaporation channel, the power generation medium steam outlet 22 is connected with a power generation medium steam inlet 11 of the low-temperature power generator 1, and a heating steam inlet 23 and a waste steam outlet 24 are further arranged on the power generation medium evaporator 2 and communicated with a heating steam channel.

The power generation medium condenser 3 is a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a power generation medium steam-poor inlet 31 and a power generation medium condensate outlet 32 which are communicated with a power generation medium condensation channel are arranged on the power generation medium condenser 3, the power generation medium steam-poor inlet 31 is connected with a power generation medium steam-poor outlet 12 of the low-temperature generator 1, and a cooling water inlet 33 and a cooling water outlet 34 which are communicated with a cooling water channel are also arranged on the power generation medium condenser 3.

The power generation medium steam outlet 12 of the low-temperature generator 1 is connected with the power generation medium lack steam inlet 31 of the power generation medium condenser 3.

The cold and heat energy separating device comprises a separating device 4 and a vacuum pump unit 5,

the separation device 4 comprises a sealed container, in the figure 1, the sealed container comprises a sealed tank 4-1, a raw water inlet 44 is arranged on the tank 4-1, a steam outlet 42 is arranged at the top of the tank 4-1, a vacuum pump unit 5 is connected to the steam outlet 42, and a waste water discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the tank 4-1; a liquid supply disc 4-3, a stirrer 43 and a heater 4-2 are arranged in the tank body 4-1; the liquid supply disc 4-3 is arranged at the lower part of the tank body 4-1 and is positioned below the set liquid level. The liquid supply plate is a 4-3 shower head, the liquid spraying hole is arranged upwards, and the liquid inlet hole in the middle of the bottom is connected with the raw water inlet 44 on the tank body 4-1 through a pipeline; the heater 4-2 is a heating coil and is positioned above the set liquid level. The pipe orifices at the two ends of the heating coil 4-2 hermetically extend out of the tank body 4-1 to be connected with a heating medium supply device. The inlet of the heating coil can be connected with the steam outlet of the vacuum pump unit so as to utilize the steam with reduced pressure and increased temperature as the heating medium. The heating coil 4-2 is favorable for generating more steam for pressure reduction and temperature rise.

The heating coil 4-2 can also be connected with a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser, or connected with a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator, or connected with a spent steam outlet of the low-temperature generator.

The vacuum pump unit 5 is a multistage vacuum pump, the suction port 51 of the first stage is connected with the steam outlet on the sealed container, the suction port of the later stage is connected with the exhaust port of the previous stage, the air extraction amount of each stage of vacuum pump from front to back is gradually reduced, so that the extracted steam pressure is gradually increased to the atmospheric pressure, and the high-temperature steam outlet 52 is arranged at the last stage.

The high-temperature steam outlet 52 of the vacuum pump unit 5 is connected to the heating steam inlet 23 of the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the power generation device through a pipeline, and the power generation medium R245fa in the medium evaporation channel of the power generation medium evaporator 2 is heated and vaporized by the high-temperature steam which is extracted from the sealed container and is gradually pressurized to the atmospheric pressure through the vacuum pump unit 5.

The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method distributed energy supply station provided by the invention and shown in figure 1 can operate as follows:

starting a vacuum pump unit 5 to generate a set vacuum degree in a tank 4-1 of the sealed container, simultaneously adding raw water into the tank 4-1, vaporizing the raw water at a low temperature in the tank 4-1 due to a vacuum environment, pumping vaporized water vapor out along with the vacuum pump unit 5, gradually reducing the pumping amount of each stage of vacuum pumps from front to back along with a multi-stage vacuum pump, gradually increasing the vapor pressure of the pumped water vapor to atmospheric pressure, simultaneously increasing the temperature of the vapor to about 100 ℃, introducing the vapor into a power generation medium evaporator in a low-temperature power generation device to serve as a heating medium to heat a power generation medium to vaporize the power generation medium, and inputting the vaporized power generation medium into a low-temperature power generator to push a screw to rotate so as to drive the power generator to generate power. Exhausted steam of the power generation medium is discharged from the low-temperature generator, enters the power generation medium condenser to be cooled and liquefied, and then enters the storage tank or directly enters the power generation medium evaporator to be vaporized and then returns to the low-temperature generator again. In the energy supply station, steam used for heating and vaporizing the power generation medium by the low-temperature power generator is steam generated by evaporating cold and heat energy separation equipment through vacuum sublimation, and the steam is produced by adopting a special cold and heat energy separation method, so that the energy consumption is low.

The energy supply station uses a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation technology to separate the energy in water into energy which can be conveniently used for utilization. That is, the energy of latent heat of freezing and sensible heat in water at room temperature and below is separated into heat energy (water vapor) and cold energy (ice), and the sensible heat in water at room temperature or above and below 100 ℃ is separated into high-quality heat energy (water vapor). The energy supply station uses the low-temperature power generation technology to generate power by using the energy of water vapor, and uses ice-water mixture as a cold source so as to improve the power generation efficiency of the low-temperature generator.

The mechanism of high efficiency of the cold and heat energy separation device provided by the invention is specifically analyzed as follows:

the invention relates to a technology for separating cold energy and heat energy by using a high-efficiency vacuum sublimation evaporation unit and utilizing the cold energy and the heat energy in low-temperature power generation. Is a new technology application based on the second law of thermodynamics.

As can be seen from fig. 8, when the pressure in the tank space of the artificial environment, i.e., the sealed container in which water is present, is reduced from 101.3KPA (atmospheric pressure) to below 128PA, the equilibrium point of the vaporization temperature of water will move downward along the gas-liquid (C-O) line, the triple point (O point), and the gas-solid (O-A) line. I.e. from 373K to below 253K (from 100 c to below-20 c).

In order to realize the separation of cold energy and hot energy and facilitate the utilization, the invention extracts the heat energy in the form of steam, and the cold energy is separated and stored in the form of ice. The process interval is as follows: temperature: 272K-253K (or below) (see lines a-b in fig. 8), pressure: 600 Pa-100 Pa (see o-a in FIG. 8). As can be seen from the water equilibrium phase diagram shown in FIG. 8, this region is a solid-gas two-phase region. And the gas phase zone is a closed triangular area of o-a-b-o. In this region, the solid form of water (ice) can sublimate directly into vapor. Since the pressure is much lower than the saturation vapor pressure of liquid water (see table 1), the surface layer of water can still exist in liquid form in non-equilibrium state and can be directly changed into vapor by evaporation. The vapor sublimed from the ice and the vapor evaporated from the water are pumped through a vacuum unit and the ice slurry is pumped through an ice slurry pump. The separation and the transmission of cold and hot energy are realized.

Table 1: temperature and saturated vapor pressure of water

The invention can break through the bottleneck that the efficiency of the heat pump and the refrigeration system based on the gas compression technology is lower at present, and the energy consumption ratio of the existing mainstream technology is lower than the limiting value of COP (coefficient of performance) less than 8, and is improved by times. The reason was analyzed as follows: natural water contains heat energy, i.e. sensible heat and latent heat of freezing. If the heat energy (sensible heat and freezing latent heat) contained in 1 ton of water with the temperature of 20 ℃ is separated and used for heating 1 ton of water with the temperature of 0 ℃, the water temperature can be raised to 100 ℃. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation technology separates energy in water at normal temperature into heat energy (water vapor) and cold energy (ice), and further utilizes the two energy forms. The steam can be used as energy supply for low-temperature power generation (similar to a ground heat source) and can also be used as heat energy supply for heating in winter. The heat source is cheap and can be used for central heating of large buildings and residential areas. The ice is the cheapest and most efficient form for storing cold energy, can be used for cold source supply of centralized cold supply of centralized air-conditioning places and residential quarters, and can partially replace large and medium-sized water chilling units with high energy consumption. Meanwhile, the physical property of water is utilized, so that the seawater is desalinated through the icing process in the cold-heat energy separation process, and the cheap development of a second water source is realized. Therefore, the emergence of the vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation technology provides a new way and an efficient and cheap method for solving the problems of energy and water sources.

From the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy increase of an ideal refrigeration cycle is equal to zero, i.e., Qa/Ta-Q0/Tc. (Qa is an ambient heat transfer amount; Q0 is a heat transfer amount of a target fluid; Ta is a temperature of an ambient; Tc is a temperature of a target fluid), and Q0+ W is substituted into Qa to obtain (Q0+ W)/Ta (Q0/Tc), and Q0/W (1/(Ta/Tc-1) c, which is referred to as a refrigeration coefficient, is obtained.

As shown in fig. 9, a graph of the difference between the ambient temperature Ta and the target temperature Tc and the COP system: the COP value increases with the decrease of the temperature difference, and when the temperature difference is less than 10, the COP value increases in an accelerated manner.

As can be seen from the equation, the cooling capacity and the input power are only related to the target fluid temperature Tc and the ambient temperature Ta. Using the above formula, it can be found by calculation that Ta/Tc is 2 when the ambient temperature Ta is 35 ℃, Tc is-119 ℃. In this case, the cooling capacity is equal to the power, i.e., c is equal to 1, or the so-called energy efficiency ratio COP is equal to 1. When the temperature difference Ta-Tc begins to decrease, the COP value begins to be > 1. Since COP is 1/(Ta/Tc-1), the COP value shows an accelerated rising trend as the temperature difference decreases. As shown in fig. 9, a graph of COP data is cut from Ta-Tc 44 ℃, to Ta-Tc 1, starting with Ta-Tc 44 ℃.

The relationship between COP and Ta-Tc at 35 ℃ is as follows:

the COP value shows an accelerated increase with decreasing temperature difference (approximately abscissa of the point on the flat line). (the abscissa is the number of sequences and the ordinate is the COP number)

Taking the current mainstream compression technology as an example, when the ambient temperature is Ta-35 ℃ and the target temperature Tc at the refrigeration end is 0 ℃, the Ta-Tc at this time is 35 ℃, and the COP value can reach 7.8 (see the point 10 on the abscissa in the figure corresponds to the value on the ordinate). In actual use, the temperature difference requirement of heat transfer needs to be considered, the heat transfer temperature difference is set to be 5 ℃, and the temperature of the refrigerating end needs to reach minus 5 ℃ at the moment, so that the use requirement can be met. At this time, Ta-Tc is 40 ℃, and the COP value can only reach 6.7 (see the abscissa point 5 in the figure, which corresponds to the ordinate value). I.e. the temperature difference is enlarged and the COP value is reduced. Considering the problem of the system efficiency coefficient, the method is consistent with the condition that the COP of the mainstream equipment in the market is less than about 6. Therefore, the energy efficiency ratio level of the compression refrigeration technology is determined by the system structure; the limitation of the environmental temperature and the use requirement, and the large breakthrough is impossible.

Taking the embodiment of the present invention as an example, by applying the above principle and calculation formula, it can be found through calculation that when the ambient temperature Ta is 272K and the temperature difference Ta-Tc between the ambient temperature Ta and the temperature Tc of the surface of the ice water in the crystallizer, which is the target fluid, is 10 degrees, the liquid radiates heat to the environment, and ice is formed. Refrigerating capacity is greater than power. The COP value is then up to 26 (see point 30 on the ordinate). Since in the present invention the working environment, i.e. the artificial environment, is highly coincident with, i.e. in one space, the space in which the target fluid, i.e. the water in the crystallizer, is located. Therefore, the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the target fluid can be controlled within a narrow range. According to the second law of thermodynamics, COP values can reach very high levels.

It can be understood that the compression in the prior art isThe method provided by the invention is a natural process, the environment is vacuumized, and the liquid in the environment can be heated under a certain vacuum pressureNature of natureEvaporating and solidifying, and the solidified solid can be sublimated to generate vapor. The generated steam and the generated solid are respectively removed from the environment, ice is cold energy and can be used, and the temperature is increased after the steam is boosted and can be used as heat energy. The energy consumed in the process is only to form a vacuum environment with set pressure and to break the solid out. Therefore, the energy consumption is necessarily small, and the COP value is high!

Fig. 10 is a graph of COP data starting with Ta-Tc 39 ℃ (Tc 234K), COP 6, and Ta-Tc 1 ℃ when Ta is 0 ℃. The graph of the relationship between COP and Ta-Tc at 0 ℃ is shown in fig. 10:

when Tc is 263K, i.e., -10 degrees (point 30 corresponds to a value on the ordinate), COP is 26.3.

The superiority of the present invention will be described below by calculating the data of one experiment and the mass production efficiency.

The experiment adopts a method for calculating the yield and energy consumption of industrial production scale according to a class-specific method by taking laboratory conditions and small experimental equipment data as starting points, and partially replaces a pilot plant test. But all process parameters will be based on pilot plant data.

Table 2 shows experimental data on the brine state and the final evaporation amount in relation to the icing amount (energy production) at each stage of the vacuum pumping of experiment 1.

TABLE 2

Experimental results 6.66Kg of ice can be frozen per 1Kg of steam produced, which is basically consistent with the results of the ratio of heat of vaporization/latent heat of icing.

Table 3: vaporization heat meter for water at different temperatures

Temperature/. degree.C	Vaporization heat/(kJ kg-1)
		0	2501
50	2383
		100	2257
150	2114

From this, it is found that 1Kg of water (0 ℃) completely freezes releasing 334.4KJ of latent heat of freezing, and it is calculated that about 7Kg of ice can be frozen by heat absorbed per 1Kg of steam evaporated.

Table 4 shows experimental data on the brine state and the final evaporation amount in relation to the icing amount (capacity) at each stage of the evacuation in experiment 2.

TABLE 4

The experiment was carried out in a 4L/s vacuum apparatus, and the sublimation evaporation amounts in 2 minutes after the start-up were 39.6g and 38.65g, respectively. The ice making amounts were 263.86g and 226.23g, respectively, with an average of 245 g. The ratio of the ice making amount to the evaporation amount was 6.66 and 5.85, respectively. As the evaporation heat of water at 0 ℃ is 2501KJ/Kg, the water at 0 ℃ is formed into ice at 0 ℃, and the heat quantity to be released is as follows: 334.4KJ/Kg, the evaporation heat is about 7.48 times of the latent heat of icing. The ratio of vaporization heat absorption to freezing latent heat in the experimental result is very close to 6.25 in consideration of the loss of cold energy by the experimental equipment. Namely, every time 1Kg of water vapor is pumped away, 7.48Kg of ice can be frozen

The comparison of the energy efficiency ratio of the equipment in the prior art:

the ice making machine can make 15Kg of ice per hour according to 250g of ice making per minute by a vacuum equipment experiment of 4L/s (power of 0.55 KW). According to 1KWH 1000w 3600s 3600000J, 334400KJ (i.e. 92.89KWH) of cold energy is required for freezing 1 ton of ice. The experimental device consumes 36.67KWH per ton of ice, and the COP value reaches 2.53 (namely 92.89/36.67 is 2.53). Has energy efficiency ratio equivalent to that of the ice slurry equipment matured on the market. Taking an SF100 ice slurry machine produced by a certain factory as an example, the unit yield of the machine is 28 times that of the experimental equipment (420Kg/15Kg is 28), but the efficiency is calculated according to the installation power, and the COP is only 1.94. The COP, as calculated by the operating power, also reached only 2.76, which is close to the experimental data.

The parameters of the ice slurry machine produced by a certain plant are shown in the table 5:

TABLE 5

The parameters of the ice cube machine produced by a certain factory are shown in a table 6: (efficiency is much lower than ice slurry machine)

TABLE 6

On the basis of the two experiments, if the air extraction amount of the vacuum unit is increased by 2500 times, ice can be made by more than 37.5 tons per hour. The installation capacity of the unit is 135KW, and the following are calculated: the ice consumption per ton is 3.6 degrees, the COP value can reach at least 26, and the COP value is improved by more than 5 times compared with the prior compressor technology.

Calculating the air extraction efficiency of the vacuum unit:

the efficiency of ice production mainly depends on the air extraction efficiency of the vacuum unit. Comparison was also carried out with an expansion of the 4L/s (power 0.55KW) vacuum unit by 2500 times (power 135KW), the results of which are shown in table 7:

TABLE 7

The calculation method was substantially the same as the calculation method described above (COP 26). From another perspective, it is demonstrated that system efficiency can be improved by scaling up the vacuum unit. In fact, the experimental vacuum pump is different from a large-scale vacuum unit in form, so that the equipment efficiency of large-scale production is greatly improved.

One specific operation is: firstly, the vacuum degree required by the vacuum evaporation working environment is 600-100Pa in the water crystallizer. Part of low-temperature raw material water in the water crystallizer is evaporated, water vapor takes away heat, and part of residual water begins to freeze into ice. Along with the increase of the vacuum degree according to the technological requirements, the pressure in the working space of the water crystallizer is continuously reduced according to the technological parameter requirements, and the pressure enters into an ice sublimation area, namely a normal production pressure parameter area of the process. Since ice is generated on the water surface, the sublimation reaction starts. At this time, the ice is successively discharged from the space by the stirrer in the water crystallizer. The removal of a portion of the ice layer provides conditions for continued evaporation of water beneath the ice layer, which in turn provides good heat transfer conditions for sublimation of the ice layer. At the moment, the sublimation and the evaporation are simultaneously carried out in the water crystallizer, water vapor continuously overflows and takes away a large amount of heat, and low-temperature new raw material water is continuously frozen into ice in the water crystallizer. And discharging finished ice through solid-liquid separation equipment to finish the whole ice making and steam production process.

The invention utilizes the physical characteristics of the phase change principle, the steam partial pressure and the like of water, so that the refrigeration and heating processes with large energy consumption can be carried out under the condition of relatively small energy consumption. The reason for this is that the present invention uses a way to follow the natural law to make ice and liquid water sublimate and evaporate in the environment with low steam partial pressure, i.e. high vacuum degree, and then to draw out the water vapor. Thus, the cold energy and the hot energy can be separated by using less energy. The technology heats while refrigerating, separates cold energy in the form of ice (solid state) and heat energy in the form of (gaseous) steam, and utilizes the separated cold energy and heat energy.

In order to further increase the efficiency of the steam production in the sealed container, it is a good measure to agitate the water in the tank by means of the agitator 43. Besides, the water in the tank can be boiled in a shower type water inlet mode as shown in figure 1. Specifically, a liquid supply plate 4-3 is provided, the lower part in the tank body 4-1 is lower than the set liquid level height in the sealed container, the liquid supply plate 4-3 is a shower head, a liquid spraying hole is arranged upwards, and a liquid inlet hole at the bottom is connected with a water inlet 44 through a pipeline.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the evaporation rate of water at different temperatures, and it can be seen from the graph that the evaporation rate of water increases with the temperature. Moreover, in different temperature intervals, the evaporation rate of the water shows an accelerated growth state along with the increase of the temperature, and the growth speed of the water is in a linear relation of non-equal proportional growth.

It follows that it is advantageous to heat the headspace in the sealed container in order to further increase the rate of extraction of water vapour from the sealed container. For this reason, it is an effective measure to provide the heater 4-2 in the space above the water surface of the sealed container in the previously described embodiment.

The steam still leaves more than 80% of energy after primary power generation and exists in the exhausted steam exhausted from the generator, so that the exhausted steam can be reused to be introduced into another generator for secondary power generation or multiple times of power generation, and the energy separated by the cold and heat energy separation technology is fully utilized.

For this purpose, the design can be as follows: the low-temperature generator set comprises at least two low-temperature generators which are connected in series, namely, a generating medium steam exhaust outlet of the former low-temperature generator is connected with a generating medium steam inlet of the latter low-temperature generator through a pipeline, and a generating medium steam exhaust outlet of the last low-temperature generator is connected with a generating medium steam exhaust inlet of the generating medium condenser through a pipeline.

The energy utilization rate of the secondary or multiple times of power generation can reach more than 24 percent by calculating the primary power generation efficiency of the low-temperature generator by 8 to 12 percent. As viewed from the energy conservation perspective, the energy released by condensing a ton of steam into 100 ℃ water is 2260000KJ, which is equal to 630KWH, and the power generation efficiency can reach 50% considering the losses of the power generation system.

Furthermore, as shown in fig. 7, it can be seen from the graph of the evaporation rate of the still water at different temperatures that the evaporation rate starts to show a situation of accelerated increase when the water temperature exceeds 25 ℃. According to this property, the cold and heat energy separation technology can be classified into a low temperature cold and heat energy separation technology and a high temperature heat energy separation technology. The objective of energy separation using low temperature cold thermal energy separation technology is the latent heat of crystallization of water, which is equal to the thermal energy required to heat water at 20 ℃ to 100 ℃. The high-temperature heat energy separation technology is used for efficiently separating out heat energy in water at the temperature of 20-100 ℃ to generate high-quality energy steam. The energy separation products in different temperature intervals all have water vapor, and the water vapor efficiency generated in different temperature intervals is different. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation technology is used for efficiently separating out freezing latent heat in water below normal temperature, namely, a small amount of energy is consumed to separate out energy which is several times of input energy. And the high-temperature energy separation is a technology which can heat raw water by using the crystallization latent heat separated by the low-temperature energy separation technology and can ensure that the heat energy (water vapor) is obtained with small energy consumption (< 10 KWH/ton of steam). The heat released due to the condensation of 1 ton of water vapour at 100 c to 100 c water is 2260000KJ, which equals 630 KWH. If the electricity generation efficiency is 10%, the electricity generation quantity is 63KWH which is greatly higher than the energy consumed by separation of 10 KWH/ton of water vapor, so that conditions are provided for fully utilizing the latent heat of crystallization separated, and the efficiency of electricity generation is greatly improved after multiple times of heat separation and use.

According to the theory, the water in the tank 4-1 of the sealed container can be heated, namely, a preheater is connected to the raw water inlet 44 of the sealed container, and the preheater heats the water entering the sealed container by hot water or hot steam. The heat source of the preheater can be an external heat source, and the heat energy of the energy supply station can be used.

As shown in fig. 4, the preheating heat source may be steam extracted by a vacuum pump unit, that is, a branch pipe connected to the preheater is provided on a pipe for supplying heating steam to the power generation medium evaporator 2. Water discharged from the preheater may be fed into the sealed container from the raw water inlet 44. Of course, venting or draining is also possible.

As shown in fig. 5, the preheating heat source may be cooling water for cooling the power generation medium in the power generation medium condenser 3, that is, a branch pipe connected to the preheater is connected to the cooling water outlet 34 of the power generation medium condenser 3. Water discharged from the preheater may be fed into the sealed container from the raw water inlet 44. Of course, venting or draining is also possible.

As shown in fig. 6, the preheating heat source may be steam or hot water after heating the power generation medium, that is, a branch pipe connected to the preheater is connected to the exhaust steam outlet 24 of the power generation medium evaporator 2. Water discharged from the preheater may be fed into the sealed container from the raw water inlet 44. Of course, venting or draining is also possible.

Therefore, extra energy consumption is not needed, the yield of the water vapor is greatly improved by improving the temperature of the raw water, and the energy-saving efficiency of the energy supply station is further improved. The power generation medium condenser 3 is also connected to a liquid reservoir, not shown, which is provided with a liquid inlet connected to the medium condenser outlet 32 of the power generation medium condenser 3 and a liquid outlet connected to the medium evaporator inlet 21 of the power generation medium evaporator 2, and a liquid pump 6 is provided in a pipe therebetween.

An oil separator 7 is arranged on a pipeline of a medium steam outlet 12 of the low-temperature generator 1 to separate the power generation medium and the lubricating oil, the separated power generation medium is sent into the power generation medium condenser 3 through a pipeline, and the separated lubricating oil is sent back to the generator 1 through an oil pump 8. Referring to fig. 5, if the temperature of the raw water is increased to 40-70 ℃, the amount of steam produced per hour may be increased by 2-3 times.

Two preferred embodiments can thus be produced again:

one is as follows: and a cooling water outlet 34 connected with a power generation medium condenser 3 in the low-temperature generator set through a pipeline is arranged on the water inlet of the sealed container. The second is that: and a water inlet 44 of the sealed container is provided with a exhausted steam outlet 24 which is connected with the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the low-temperature generator set through a pipeline. In the two schemes, high-temperature cooling water in the power generation device or spent steam containing heat energy is directly introduced into the sealed container to carry out cold and heat energy separation.

Further, as can be seen from fig. 7, the technique and apparatus for separating the heat and cold energy by vacuum sublimation and evaporation can be subdivided into the following two types:

the low temperature cold and heat energy separating technology has the energy separating aim of latent crystallization heat of water.

② a high-temperature heat energy separation technology, the target of the separated energy is the sensible heat in the hot water. The separated crystallization latent heat is used for heating the raw material water with the temperature above the normal temperature, and the heat energy in the heated raw material water can separate the water vapor by only using a small amount of energy (less than 10 KWH/ton of steam) so as to adapt to the use requirement of low-temperature power generation.

For this purpose, a cold-heat energy separation device can be added to the energy supply station:

as shown in fig. 2, the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, which is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, an ice slurry outlet 4-4 is further arranged on the tank body 4-1 of the sealed container in the separation equipment 4, and a storage tank 53 is connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the primary cold and heat energy separation device; the device comprises a first-stage cold and heat energy separation device and a second-stage cold and heat energy separation device, wherein the first-stage cold and heat energy separation device is connected with the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline, the second-stage cold and heat energy separation device is called a second-stage cold and heat energy separation device and comprises a second-stage sealed container 4 ', at least one high-temperature water inlet 44' and one high-temperature steam outlet 42 'are arranged on the second-stage sealed container 4', the high-temperature water inlet 44 'is connected with a storage tank connected with the high-temperature steam outlet 52 of the first-stage cold and heat energy separation device, and a second-stage vacuum pump unit 5' is connected with the high-temperature steam outlet 42 'on the second-stage sealed container 4'.

In the embodiment, a higher vacuum degree can be set in the primary cold and heat energy separation device, a part of raw water is frozen, ice slurry is discharged from an ice slurry outlet, and latent heat released by freezing is converted into steam and pumped out by a vacuum pump unit. And then introducing the steam, or possibly hot water, serving as raw water into a sealed container in a secondary cold and heat energy separation device, wherein the vacuum degree is set to be lower, the hot water can quickly form a large amount of steam in the sealed container, and the steam with higher temperature is obtained from a vacuum pump unit and is used for introducing into a low-temperature power generation device to heat a power generation medium.

Due to the use of the high-temperature energy separation technology, a low-quality energy source (such as hot water with the temperature of below 60 ℃) which is difficult to be used for power generation in the prior art can be changed into heat energy steam suitable for low-temperature power generation only by applying a small amount of energy. This makes it possible to use the energy many times, and the power generation efficiency will be several times that of the existing energy utilization technology. Meanwhile, a new path is opened up for the use of low-quality waste heat energy in other fields. Namely, hot water with low temperature can be introduced into the cold and heat energy separation device, and high vacuum degree is set, so that steam with high temperature can be obtained and used for low-temperature power generation.

The equipment used by the high-temperature energy separation technology is basically the same as the equipment used by the vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation technology, only 2-3 water inlets are additionally arranged above the water surface in the evaporation tank, a water spraying device is arranged on each water inlet, so that the water enters the sealed container in a water inlet spraying mode, the water spraying ports of the water spraying device are arranged in the horizontal direction or the downward inclined direction, and the best hot water enters from the water spraying device, for example, a connecting pipe connected to the water inlets is connected with a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser, and can also be connected with a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator. The hot water is sprayed in the horizontal direction or downward inclination, so that the evaporation efficiency when the water temperature is reduced can be improved. Exhausted steam discharged from the power generation medium evaporator after power generation and hot water condensed by the power generation medium cold energy device can be reused, and the hot water is introduced into cold and hot energy separation equipment to separate heat energy in water to generate new water steam.

One specific embodiment is shown in FIG. 3:

the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, which is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, and further comprises a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, which is called a secondary cold and heat energy separation device, wherein the secondary cold and heat energy separation device comprises a secondary sealed container 4 ", the secondary sealed container 4" is at least provided with a secondary water inlet 44 "and a secondary steam outlet 42", and the secondary water inlet 44 "is connected with the waste steam outlet 24 of the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the low-temperature power generation device or connected with the cooling water outlet 34 of the power generation medium condenser 3 through a pipeline; the secondary steam outlet 42 ' is connected with a secondary vacuum pump unit 5 ', and the final-stage steam outlet of the secondary vacuum pump unit 5 ' is connected with a heating steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in another low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline. Of course, the heating steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator of the conventional low-temperature power generation device may be connected thereto. Since the evaporation efficiency of water at higher temperatures is several times higher than at lower temperatures, the energy expended to obtain the same amount of heat energy is only a fraction of that at lower temperatures. The energy of the new steam can be reused.

As can be seen from the relation between the evaporation capacity of water and the temperature in FIG. 7, when the water surface is still and reaches 60 degrees, the saturated vapor pressure reaches 19920Pa, and the extraction capacity of the equipment reaches 36000m³At the time of/h, the evaporation rate of water is 6374 Kg/h. Under the same equipment condition, when the water surface is still, the temperature reaches 0 ℃, and the saturated vapor pressure reaches 610Pa, the evaporation speed of water is only 238Kg/h, and is only one twentieth of that of 60 ℃. In practice, the efficiency of the water vapor extraction by the vacuum equipment depends mainly on two factors, namely the equipment air extraction capacity of the vacuum pump unit and the evaporation capacity of the raw water in the corresponding air extraction space. The evaporation capacity in the evacuated space is the determining factor affecting the steam production without changing the equipment and process parameters. From the data obtained under the above conditions, it can be seen that the evaporation rate of the water at 60 degrees is 27 times that of the water at 0 degrees (under the water surface static condition), and therefore, under the same vacuum unit condition, the steam yield per unit time is greatly improved by using the heated water. Namely, the low-temperature water can be used only by one tenth of the energy outputThe evaporated vapor. According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy of the extracted steam is still equal to the energy of the input heating water, and the steam is separated out with very low energy consumption to be available heat energy with higher quality. Therefore, the advantages of the vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation technology are very obvious.

Also, by using the technology, the energy can be separated in the ocean, summer or the south of China in four seasons, and the efficiency is greatly higher than that of the thermoelectric power generation technology.

In addition to the above examples, there are some embodiments as follows:

1, a plurality of sets of cold and heat energy separation devices shown in the figure 1 are used, a plurality of sets of sealed containers 4 and corresponding vacuum pump units 5 respectively or a plurality of sets of sealed containers 4 correspond to one set of vacuum pump units, and the purpose of separating the freezing latent heat in water is achieved (the freezing latent heat released by freezing 1 ton of water can enable 1 ton of water to be heated to 100 ℃ from normal temperature).

2, as shown in fig. 3a, the high temperature steam obtained from the primary cold and heat energy separation device 4 is introduced into the heating agent channel of the heat exchanger a through the heating agent inlet a1, discharged from the heating agent outlet a2, and goes to the next heat exchanger or heat exchangers, the normal temperature water enters the water channel of the heat exchanger through the normal temperature water inlet A3 of the heat exchanger to be heated, and the hot water is discharged from the outlet a4 and is introduced into the water inlet of the secondary cold and heat energy separation device 4 ″ through the connecting pipe, so that the heat energy separated in the first step can be intensively used for heating the raw material water through the heat exchanger, and the secondary cold and heat energy separation device can efficiently separate high quality water vapor at a higher temperature and increase the pressure to be above the atmospheric pressure for utilization, such as low temperature power generation, and can be used elsewhere. According to the law of conservation of energy, the heat energy of the steam separated out secondarily is equal to the energy separated out primarily, but the quality of the energy is more excellent, that is, the temperature of the steam can be higher. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the low-temperature generator set can be greatly improved by using the steam.

3, the used low-quality heat energy can be repeatedly utilized, and the utilization efficiency of the separated energy is greatly improved. Such as condensed hot water after power generation, and return water or waste water with residual heat.

Because the high-efficiency cold and heat energy separation is realized, the ice making and the heating are very high-efficiency. The cold energy and the heat energy can be obtained simultaneously by using the energy which is a fraction of the energy consumption in the prior art, and the quality of the heat energy is improved and efficiently utilized.

The efficiency improvement of the above-mentioned two-stage or two-time cold-heat energy separation technology is located in one-stage or one-time cold-heat energy separation device to obtain higher temperature water and freezing latent heat of water. The energy separation is carried out by using normal temperature water, and the energy is less because the temperature is closer to 0 ℃. The secondary or secondary cold-heat energy separation device uses hot water, and focuses on obtaining high-quality steam and improving the steam production efficiency.

The distributed energy supply station with cold-heat energy separation method is a distributed energy supply system which integrates and improves the prior art and equipment by using the new cold-heat energy separation technology, fully utilizes the advantages of the prior art and equipment to reduce the construction cost and is formed by combining brand new cold energy, heat energy and electric energy centralized supply. The invention creates a new form of energy supply with high efficiency, strong adaptability and short investment recovery period. Table 8 shows the estimated investment and recovery period data for several power generation types.

TABLE 8

It can thus be seen that the energy supply station provided by the present invention is the lowest in operating cost, the shortest in recovery period and the lowest in investment. The combination of properties is the best.

The cost of use of various energy sources was further analyzed:

taking as an example the cost of energy consumed to heat 1 ton of water at 20 ℃ to 60 ℃, table 9, as follows:

TABLE 9

If the normal temperature water (20 ℃) is heated to 100 ℃, the energy cost is doubled.

Watch 10

As can be seen from the data in tables 9 and 10, the standard coal (16.8 Kg) is burned for heating 1 ton of hot water, and the cost is 8, 07 Yuan. Or burning natural gas 16.8m³The fee is 42 yuan. Under the condition that COP is 18, the energy consumption of the cold-heat energy separation technology is only 6.45KWH, and the cost is 3.6 yuan.

The cold-heat energy separation technology can release heat energy equivalent to that generated by burning 16.8Kg of standard coal or 16.8 cubic meters of natural gas from 1 ton of normal-temperature water. The water volume in rivers, lakes and seas is remarkable. Provides a large amount of energy continuously.

With the low-temperature power generation technology, the unit power generation amount meter 11 of one energy separation unit with different steam production amounts and different power generation efficiencies:

TABLE 11

The energy supply station uses the separated thermal energy to realize the function of the distributed energy supply station. The energy supply station has high efficiency, less investment and low use threshold.

In the prior art, a low-temperature power generator project can be started only in occasions with waste heat, such as steel mills and the periphery of power plants, but the low-temperature power generation can be carried out only on the water source side, namely fresh water or salt water, and of course, if waste heat exists, the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device can be used for generating high-quality steam for low-temperature power generation. Therefore, the supply station plays an important role in solving remote areas, islands and areas and units requiring distributed energy supply. The energy-saving and emission-reducing effects are very obvious. Because the separated heat energy is partially utilized and partially converted into electric energy, the corresponding cold energy is relatively increased, and the temperature is not increased to the environment. According to the current low-temperature power generation technology, hot water with the temperature of more than 60 ℃ is input as energy, and then electric power with the input effective energy of 6% -12% can be generated. With the development of the technology, the efficiency of the low-temperature power generation technology is possibly improved, and the energy utilization efficiency is higher.

The invention can refrigerate while heating, and can be operated at sea and along the river bank in south four seasons. When the heat is supplied in winter in the north, the ice can be stored in winter, and the ice can be produced in summer or sold.

The invention utilizes the heat energy (sensible heat and freezing latent heat) in seawater to generate electricity and provide electric energy. As is apparent from the data provided in tables 1 and 2, the sensible heat and the latent heat of freezing of 1 ton of normal temperature water are separated, and the heat generated by burning 16.8Kg of standard coal is 18.6KWH, which is calculated as 20% of the power generation efficiency, whereas the energy consumed for separating the sensible heat and the latent heat of freezing of 1 ton of normal temperature water is only 5.6KWH (COP 18).

The energy-saving air-conditioning system can be used for low-cost cooling service in summer, particularly the improvement of central air-conditioning in large buildings, hospitals and office buildings and the energy-saving replacement improvement (adopting ground cooling technology) of partial air-conditioning in residential quarters, and because the energy consumption ratio of the national first-level energy-efficiency air-conditioning is only COP (coefficient of performance) 3.4, and the COP (coefficient of performance) lower limit compared with the new technology is 18, the energy consumption is more than 5 times higher, the new technology has very obvious advantages.

Can be used for low-cost heating service in winter. According to the principle that energy is conserved, the separated heat energy and cold energy are equal, and the water vapor with equal energy can be produced and used while ice is made by the novel technology unit. The efficiency of heat production is still high calculated by the energy consumption ratio 18, if the heat production is not used for melting ice blocks, the heat production is completely used for heating buildings, and the heating area is basically equivalent to the cooling area in summer.

The separated water vapor can be used as a ground heat source, and the cold and heat energy separation system can provide stable steam flow to provide a heat source for the low-temperature screw generator to generate electricity. Because the low-temperature power generation efficiency is between 8% and 12%, the steam source can still keep more than 85% of low-temperature heat energy (more than 90 ℃ hot water) to be utilized after power generation and utilization, and the hot water at the temperature completely meets the use requirements of heating and bathing hot water (40-50 ℃).

The invention can be used for power supply, fresh water supply, heat supply in winter and cold supply in summer of islands.

The invention can be improved on the basis of the original low-temperature power generation equipment, and only a set of cold and heat energy separation device is added. Therefore, in the aspect of the transformation of the existing equipment, the invention also has the advantages of lower equipment cost, small occupied area, convenient transformation of the original equipment system, low transformation investment, short investment recovery period and quick effect.

Claims

1. A vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-heat energy separation method distributed energy supply station is characterized in that: comprises a cold-hot energy separation device and a low-temperature power generation device,

the cold and heat energy separating device comprises a separating device and a vacuum pump unit,

the low-temperature power generation device comprises a low-temperature power generation unit, and the low-temperature power generation unit comprises:

a low-temperature generator, a power supply and a power supply,

a heating medium evaporator; and

a condenser of a heating medium;

and a high-temperature steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected with the high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the cold and heat energy separation equipment through a pipeline.

2. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device which is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, an ice slurry outlet is also formed in the sealed container, and a storage tank is connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the primary cold and heat energy separation device; the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device is also arranged between the primary cold and heat energy separation device and the low-temperature power generation device and comprises a secondary sealed container, at least one high-temperature water inlet and one high-temperature steam outlet are arranged on the secondary sealed container, the high-temperature water inlet is connected with a storage tank connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the primary cold and heat energy separation device, the high-temperature steam outlet is connected with a secondary vacuum pump unit, and the high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of the secondary vacuum pump unit is connected with a high-temperature steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline; or,

the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, is also provided with an ice slurry outlet on the sealed container, and also comprises a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, is called a secondary cold and heat energy separation device, and comprises a secondary sealed container, wherein the secondary sealed container is at least provided with a secondary water inlet and a secondary steam outlet, and the secondary water inlet is connected with a waste steam outlet of a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device or a cooling water outlet of a power generation medium condenser through a pipeline; the secondary steam outlet is connected with an air suction port of a secondary vacuum pump unit, and the high-temperature steam and/or hot water discharge port of the secondary vacuum pump unit is connected with a heating steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device connected with the sequential cold and heat energy separation device through a pipeline, and/or is connected with a high-temperature steam inlet on a power generation medium evaporator in another low-temperature power generation device; or,

the cold and heat energy separation device is a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, is called a primary cold and heat energy separation device, and further comprises a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, is called a secondary cold and heat energy separation device, the secondary cold and heat energy separation device comprises a secondary sealed container, at least a secondary water inlet and a secondary steam outlet are arranged on the secondary sealed container, in addition, the secondary cold and heat energy separation device also comprises a dividing wall type heat exchanger, a heating agent flow channel and a water flow channel are arranged in the dividing wall type heat exchanger, the high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of a vacuum pump unit in the primary cold and heat energy separation device is connected with the inlet of the heating agent flow channel of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the water inlet on the secondary sealed container in the secondary cold and heat energy separation device is connected with the outlet of the water flow channel of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of a vacuum An inlet; or,

the separation equipment comprises a low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device and/or a high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device, and an ice slurry outlet is also formed in the sealed container in the low-temperature cold and heat energy separation device; and the sealed container in the high-temperature cold and heat energy separation device is at least provided with a water inlet and a steam outlet.

3. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the water inlet of the sealed container is connected with one end of a pipeline, and the other end of the pipeline is at least connected with one of the following devices:

a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser;

a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

4. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that:

a stirring device is arranged in the sealed container; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the sealed container is internally provided with a liquid supply disc, the liquid supply disc is arranged at the lower part in the sealed container and is lower than the set liquid level height in the sealed container, the liquid supply disc is a shower head, a liquid spraying hole is upwards arranged, and a liquid inlet hole at the bottom is connected with the water inlet through a pipeline; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

a heater is arranged in an upper chamber in the sealed container and is positioned above a set liquid level in the sealed container; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the low-temperature generator set comprises at least two low-temperature generators which are connected in series, namely, a generating medium steam-poor discharge port of the former low-temperature generator is connected with a generating medium steam inlet of the latter low-temperature generator through a pipeline, and a generating medium steam-poor discharge port of the last low-temperature generator is connected with a generating medium steam-poor inlet of the generating medium condenser through a pipeline; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

a water inlet is arranged above the liquid level of the sealed container, and a water spraying device is arranged on the water inlet, so that the fed water enters the sealed container in a spraying manner; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

a water inlet is arranged above the liquid level in the sealed container, one end of a connecting pipe is connected with the water inlet, and the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser and/or a bled steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

5. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a preheater is arranged on a pipeline of the water inlet of the sealed container in the cold and heat energy separation device, so that the water entering the sealed container is preheated.

6. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 5, characterized in that:

the preheater is a dividing wall type heat exchange device,

the preheating medium is derived from a power generation medium of a low-temperature power generation device: the device comprises a low-temperature power generation device, a branch pipe, a preheater, a power generation medium return pipe and a power generation medium storage tank, wherein a power generation medium outlet of a low-temperature power generator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected with one end of the branch pipe, the other end of the branch pipe is connected with a heating medium inlet of the preheater arranged on a water inlet of a sealed container and used for heating water entering the sealed container through a partition wall, a heating medium outlet of the preheater is connected with one end of the power generation medium return pipe, and the other end of the power generation medium return pipe is connected with a power generation medium inlet of a power generation medium evaporator in the;

and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the preheating medium is derived from steam discharged by the vacuum pump unit connected to the sealed container: the inlet of the heating medium of the preheater is connected with one end of a branch pipeline, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with a branch opening on the pipeline connected with the high-temperature steam and/or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the preheating medium is derived from cooling water for cooling the power generation medium in the low-temperature power generation device: the inlet of the heating medium of the preheater is connected with one end of a branch pipeline, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser in the low-temperature power generation device; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the preheating medium is derived from the exhausted steam exhausted after heating the generating medium in the low-temperature generating device: and the inlet of the heating medium of the preheater is connected with one end of a branch pipeline, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected with a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device.

7. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 4, characterized in that: the heater is a heating coil, and pipe orifices at two ends of the heating coil hermetically extend out of the sealed container to be connected with heating medium supply equipment; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the water spraying port of the water spraying device is arranged in the horizontal direction or the downward inclined direction; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the water spray opening is connected with at least one of the following devices:

a cooling water outlet connected with the power generation medium condenser;

a spent steam outlet connected with the power generation medium evaporator; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the multistage vacuum pump comprises a first-stage vacuum pump, a second-stage vacuum pump, a screw-type vacuum pump and a vacuum pump, wherein the first-stage vacuum pump and the second-stage vacuum pump are roots vacuum pumps, and the last-stage vacuum pump is a screw-type vacuum pump.

8. The vacuum sublimation evaporation cold-thermal energy separation method distributed energy supply station according to claim 7, characterized in that: the heating coil is connected with a steam outlet of the vacuum pump unit; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the heating coil is connected with a cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the heating coil is connected with a spent steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,