SU1551265A1 - Method of cultivating rice in crop rotation with lucerne - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of rice cultivation in crop rotation with alfalfa. The purpose of the invention is to increase crop yields, reduce weed infestation by weeds while eliminating the use of herbicides. It is recommended to cultivate alfalfa for two years after the agromeliorative field, rice is a three-year permanent crop replaced by an agromeliorative field, and it is recommended to cultivate rice only after alfalfa.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, to methods of rice cultivation in crop rotation with alfalfa.

The purpose of the invention is to increase crop yields, reduce weed infestation by weeds while eliminating the use of herbicides.

Example 1. After a series of years of rice cultivation, a field is brought out from under rice crops under the so-called agromeliorative field (AMP), in which reclamation work is done (planning, provocative irrigation, weed destruction), the cultivation of leguminous plants and tillage — creating leveled from bi-sowing of perennial grasses (for example, early alfalfa) in early spring next year.

This ensures higher (by 2-3 times) yields of alfalfa, since the soil is seasoned in the AMP is aired, enriched with oxygen and oxide compounds, which removes the negative impact on alfalfa of both the bog processes and the weeds from which the soil is cleaned. thanks to provocative irrigation followed by their mechanical destruction. That is, the soil enriched with the seeds of the red-grain weed forms of rice is taken out for three years (1st year - AMP, 2 years - under alfalfa) from under rice crops.

During this time, the seeds of unwanted vegetation either germinate and seedlings are mown along with the green mass of alfalfa, or damaged by microorganisms.

The subsequent three-year-old rice crop fully utilizes all the advantages of cultivation on the field after a capital planning, the results of which are improved with the subsequent two-year cultivation of alfalfa.

With the known method, the eight-field crop rotation has the following scheme:

1. Perennial grasses (alfalfa) of the first year of life.

2. Perennial grasses (alfalfa) of the second year of life.

3. Fig.

4. Fig.

5. Fig.

6.Agromeliorative field.

7. Fig.

8. Fig.

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According to the agrotechnical requirements of rice, the planning of checks with an accuracy of ± 5 cm is necessary. According to this scheme, it is ensured by this only in the seventh field (after the AMP, which has a capital layout). In the remaining fields, the quality indicators of the layout deteriorate sharply, starting from the eighth floor. After the rice is harvested in the eighth field, the deviations of the surface marks of the checks reach zttlO-15 cm and more, depending on the climatic conditions and timing of the rice harvest.

I Perennial grasses are sown in early spring, so there is no time to plan the checkers' ticks, which leads to a decrease in the yield of hay of perennial grasses cultivated by this known technology to 40-42 centners / ha. Irrigation of alfalfa on unplanned checks has almost no effect.

After alfalfa, rice is used to make rice, but without significant surface improvement: single or double passes of a grader or planner only level the microrelief without changing the resulting relief of the check. As a result, the capital expenditures on the sixth field repair plan are lost without a return on (in the high year of rice cultivation and are not used by perennial herbs.

An essential element of the known technology is the use of herbicides.

Example 2. According to the proposed method, in 1979-83, rice was cultivated in a crop rotation with alfalfa on experimental cases with an area of 90-95 hectares.

The repetition of the test is threefold, the area of the field is 3–4 hectares (3–4 ha), cultivated rice variety — Krasnodar 424, the cultivated variety of alfalfa — Slav nska blue-hybrid. Used six-field crop rotation with the following alternation of fields:

1.Agromeliorative field.

2. Perennial grasses (alfalfa).

3. Perennial grasses (alfalfa).

4. Fig.

5. Fig.

6. Fig.

The first field is agromeliorative. It carried out a thorough layout of checks with the necessary instrumental control. As planning progressed, the soil in the checks was moistened to provoke weeds, then it was treated with ditch-free tools in order not to disturb the relief of the checks.

The AMP is completed by sowing of winter cereal crops, or the field leaves for winter in the state of leveled bi bi.

The second field is alfalfa. Its sowing is carried out on February aligned windows in February or during March - early April.

Irrigated with alfalfa at irrigation rate of 500-600 m3 / ha. As the irrigation rate rises, alfalfa suffers from waterlogging. Under the sowing of alfalfa, mineral fertilizers are applied, kg / ha: phosphorus 75-100, potassium 50-75, nitrogen 25-30.

Seeds before sowing are treated with nitragin.

Alfalfa irrigation in the rice crop is prescribed when the humidity drops to 70-75% of the lowest moisture capacity in the 0-60 cm layer. Watering is performed immediately after the cuttings and one row between the cuttings.

The third field - alfalfa second year of life. The care of a crop consists in the surface loosening of the soil by harrowing or disking, in irrigation, in timely carrying out of cuttings and in exporting the green mass.

0 The fourth field is fig. Alfalfa mowing of the third year of life is made before its sowing. The treatment of the formation is performed by dumpless tools - milling or disc.

5 There should be a minimum time gap between harvesting alfalfa and sowing rice: it is important that the organic matter that is buried in the soil is fresh. The mowed green mass is exported fresh, not waiting for it to dry.

0 After rice harvesting, the field is sown with wintering peas or winter vetch mixed with winter wheat or rye.

Fifth field - fig. Sowing is done after harvesting the green mass of the intermediate crop with a minimum time lag. The soil is treated only with dead-end tools. At the end of the growing season, intermediate crops are sown (as in the fourth field).

The sixth field is rice (similar to

0 field). After the rice has been harvested, the field can be planted with intermediate crops or plowed for b which is then leveled. In the aligned state, the field comes under agromeliorative.

Compared with the known method, due to the three-year stay of the field under the AMP and alfalfa, it provides useful soil purification from the weed-field red-grain forms of rice that are not controlled by any herbicides that destroy these weeds, without simultaneous destruction and sown rice.

The non-germicidal elimination of the red grain forms provided by the proposed method leads to a decrease in the disease of the rice with periculosis and allows

5 refuse chemical control agents. The refusal to use chemicals increases the commodity value of the raw material and the cereal produced from it.

Provocative irrigation and tillage, mainly with tail-free tools, minimize deformations of the relief of checks, ensure the destruction of weeds of the rye grasshopper and sedge families, first of all, the tuberkind.

The plowing plowing, which is made once per rotation, allows the soil to be gradually freed from the stocks of hedgehog seeds and rhizomes of bog weeds to the entire depth of the arable layer.

Rice checks are planned once per rotation. At the same time, its return increases in comparison with the known method, since it is carried out under the sowing of alfalfa - one of the main crops of crop rotation, the most demanding to the topography of the soil. The alfalfa sprouted by planned checks can be irrigated with guarantee. The yield of alfalfa doubles - threefold as compared with the known method (38-40 centners of alfalfa hay can be harvested using the known method,

0

five

0

100 kg / ha and above - with the proposed method).

The layout of the fourth floor after alfalfa, carried out according to the proposed method, is not lost and gives a full return not only on the fourth, but also on the fifth and partially on the sixth floor.

The rice crop during the implementation of the proposed method is increased compared to the known method at b-10 c / ha.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of rice cultivation in crop rotation with alfalfa, including two years of alfalfa cultivation and a three year seedless rice crop, which is replaced for one growing season by an agro-ameliorative field, characterized in that, in order to increase crop yields, reduce the weediness of crops by weed while eliminating the use of herbicides by agro-plants, after agro-plants, after agro-plants, after agro-cultivation, after agro-cultivating crops, weed them. the field is cultivated alfalfa, and rice - only after it.