SU1547870A1 - Classifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technique for the separation of bulk materials (SM) and makes it possible to improve the quality of the classification of CM. On the vertical shaft 1 there is a spreader in the form of a plate (T) 2 with a distribution cone (RC) 3 in the center of its bottom. The lateral surface of 4 T 2 is matched to the bottom along the radius. On the inner surface of T 2, the blades 5 are located at an angle γ = ARCSIN (R-B) / R relative to the radial plane, where R is the radius of the circle of the base of the PK 3

B - cut cut off at radius R by continuation of the blade base line

R is the radius of the circle T 2. The upper edge of the blades 5 is made on a logarithmic spiral. The angle between the tangent to the upper edge of the side surface 4 T2 and the vertical axis is 65 ° -70 °. The angle between the edges of the blades 5 adjacent to the surface 4 T and the horizontal is 18 ° -45 °. Through the loading device CM installed above RK 3 is fed to RK 3 driven by the drive 6. Under the influence of the centrifugal force, the CM is thrown from the center to the periphery and, sliding on the surface of the distribution T 2, is caught by the blades 5. CM is free to leave the T2 plane. Reaching the upper edge of the surface 4, the CM particles fly around the circumference by an elementary layer, provided by the nature of their movement along the plane of the blade 5 of the proposed configuration. Empty and feeble particles fly along a parabolic curve into near collections of 7 fractions, and heavy ones fly over them and fall into subsequent collections 8. Collections 7 and 8 are located around T 2 and are made in the form of annular chambers. 4 il.

Description

The invention relates to a technique for the separation of bulk materials and can be used to classify bare cotton seeds.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the classification of bulk material.

FIG. 1 shows the classifier, a general view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in FIGS 3, the upper edges of the blades; in fig. 4 is a view And in figure 2.

The classifier includes a vertical shaft 1, a spreader in the form of a plate 2 with a distribution cone 3 in the center of the bottom of the plate 2 mounted on it. The lateral surface 4 of the plate 2 is aligned with the bottom of the plate along the radius. The blades 5 are rigidly mounted on the inner surface of the plate. Shaft 1 is driven by rotation from drive 6. Around ring of plate 2 are ring collectors 7 and 8 of fractions. A loading device (not shown) is installed above the distribution cone 3. Tangent to the upper edge of the side surface 4 of the plate 2 forms an angle o6 65-70 ° with the vertical axis of the shaft 1,

The cone 3 is designed to drop loose particles from the center of the distribution plate while the spreader is rotating. The blades rigidly fixed on the distribution plate are described on the upper edge by the equation of the logarithmic spiral pk-, and their edges adjacent to the side surface of the plate form an angle of 18-45 ° with the horizontal plane of the distribution plate.

Classifier works as follows.

Cotton seeds with a pubescence of 0.2-T% are fed to a cone 3 spreaders, rotated by a drive 6, and under the influence of

0

five

0

five

0

five

0

five

By this centrifugal force is thrown from the center to the periphery. Due to the small value of the coefficient of friction due to the slight pubescence of the seeds, slipping along the surface of the distribution plate 2, are captured by the rigidly fixed blades 5. The spatial arrangement of the blades relative to the radial generator of the distribution plate contributes to the seizure of all seeds and their directional movement under the action of centrifugal force to the periphery of the distribution plate. The lateral surface 4 of the latter is made gently curved to form a bend that does not allow the seeds to freely leave the plane of the plate.

Seeds at a speed of 2-4 m / s due to the combined effect of centrifugal force and Coriolis inertia force rise along the planes of the blades adjacent their edges to the curvilinear surface 4, which is facilitated by the configuration of the blades and the optimum angle of inclination of these edges to the horizontal plane of the distribution plate. Reaching the upper edge of the side surface 4 of the plate 2, the seeds are scattered around the circumference by an elementary layer, provided by the character of their movement along the plane of the blade of the proposed configuration. Due to the presence of a proportional relationship between the geometrical sizes of the particles of the bulk material and their weight, as well as between the pubescence and the speed of vitality, the light empty and stunted seeds fly along a parabolic curve in the collections 7 of fractions close to the rotor, and the heavy seeds fly over them and fall into subsequent collections 8. The number of fractions depends on the granulometric composition of the particles of the bulk material: than

the more difference in size and weight of the processed material, the more fractions can be obtained using the proposed classifier.

Thus, controlled directional dispersion of cotton seeds by an elementary layer minimizes the number of collisions and thereby improves the quality of separation.

When the physicomechanical parameters of the particles of the bulk material change, by varying the rotor speed using the actuator 6, they reach an angular velocity that would meet the requirement

COOG

where sb

g

P is the angular velocity of the rotor; acceleration of free fall;

average particle weight of the bulk material.

Analysis of the experimental data shows that with decreasing the quality of separation deteriorates due to an increase in the number of collisions, an increase in the range of all particles of granular material flying out disorganized around the entire circumference and, as a rule, flying over extreme collections. The excess of the optimal sign15 7870

deteriorates the quality of separation. As the angle tЈ decreases, it deteriorates due to the increase in the number of collisions, increasing the flight range of all particles of bulk material flying out along the whole circumference disorganized and, as a rule, flying over extreme collections of fractions.

A decrease in the speed of rotation of the rotor in order to exclude the passage by particles of collections leads to the accumulation of particles on the surface of the distribution plate. Exceeding the specified 15 interval leads to unnecessary costs of overcoming the coriolis inertia force by particles and their partial accumulation at the end part of the blades.

20 Spatial arrangement of the blades relative to the radial generatrix of the distribution plate, expressed by the dependence X1

25 arcs in -Ј- helps capture

all seeds and their directional movement under the action of centrifugal force to the periphery of the distribution plate. The seizure of the blades of the seeds is determined by their low value of the coefficient of rest and high fluidity. In the case of a radial arrangement of the blades, an increase in separation time is observed due to the braking

angle causes a need for 35 movement of seeds along blades

an unjustified increase in angular velocity so that the particles can

overcome the Coriolis inertia force.

Thus, the combination of optimal values of the angle od, the configuration and spatial arrangement of the blades relative to the radial generator of the distribution plate, as well as the possibility of varying the angular velocity, allows a qualitative process of separation of the bulk material in a wide range of changes in its physicomechanical parameters.

The lateral surface k does not allow the particles of the material being separated to freely leave the surface of the distribution plate and thereby form a multi-layer, hardly separable flow, in which particles with a higher weight and a reserve of kinetic energy carry away smaller particles due to the chaotic mutual collisions.

deterioration of their departure. The configuration of the blades, describe

ma on the upper edge of the equation of the logarithmic spiral p k. f is the most optimal. The installation of non-curved blades (angle) with any inclination to the horizontal surface of the distribution plate leads to an increase in the separation time, simple perelopachivaniyu increasing flow of particles entering the treatment and the difficulty of their departure.

When the upper limit of the angle ft is exceeded, braking and accumulation of particles of the material being separated at the periphery is observed, they have difficulty in overcoming the Coriolis inertia force (the latter can be overcome by increasing the rotor rotation speed, but then the distance of the particles expands) less than the minimum. increases in time. g

fig.C

Claims (1)

claims of a particle flow of bulk material. In expanded form, the blade corresponds to the shape of the figure, bounded by three straight I lines and one arc (coinciding with the curvature of the bend). The height of the blade is not the same over the entire length, but increases with distance jq from the axis of the rotor. This is because when approaching the bend (side surface 4), the blade configuration changes according to the rule of the logarithmic spiral. If to capture particles _{ί5 of the} separated material directly at the base of the cone by the blades, it is enough to install the blades with a lower height (βκ - 20 = 90 °) compared to the height of the bend, then the angle of inclination to the periphery of the distribution plate decreases with a simultaneous increase blade height. To achieve the effect of particle expansion in a uniform monolayer 25, the height of the blade at the point farthest from the axis of the rotor should exceed the height of the bend. Thus, only the totality of these characteristics provides an increase in the quality of separation of bulk material. Classifier, including a spreader mounted on a vertical shaft in the form of a plate with a distribution cone in the center of its bottom, located on the inner surface of the blade plate, a loading device mounted above the distribution cone and collectors of selected fractions in the form of annular chambers located around the plate, characterized in that, with in order to improve the quality of classification of bulk material, the lateral surface of the plate is radially conjugated with the bottom, the blades are installed at an angle ft = rb = arcsin --- relative but the radial plane where r - radius of the circle distributor cone base; b is a segment cut off at a radius r by a continuation of the base line of the blade; R is the radius of the circumference of the plate, and the upper edge of the blades is made in a logarithmic spiral, and the angle between the tangent to the upper edge of the side surface of the plate and the vertical axis is 65-70 °, and the angle between the edges of the blades adjacent to the side surface of the plate and the horizontal is 18-45 °. FIG. g