SU1525724A1 - Symbols generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to automation and computing and can be used in the design of display devices. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the character generator and expand its area of use due to the possibility of displaying characters of different alphabets specified by the user and arbitrary orientation of the character when displayed - by introducing the element OR 7, the address counter 8, the data switch 10, the second encoder 13 and the corresponding functional parameters. Zey. The invention allows external programming of the symbol generator to display symbols of arbitrary configurations and change the orientation of the symbol with a resolution less than 90 °. In addition, it is possible to select individual symbols by resizing them, which expands the range of use of the symbol generator both in traditional vector displays of computer aided design systems and in specialized display devices of the external environment, for example, in air traffic control systems or in ship navigation systems. 4 il.

Description

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N5 recounted

Yu

Simula Company

FIG. one

The invention relates to automation and computing and can be used in the design of display devices.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the generator and expand its area of use by allowing the display of characters from different alphabets set by the user and the arbitrary orientation of the character when displayed.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a symbol generator; 2 shows an example of the organization of a memory block; in fig. 3 shows an example of the mapping of a symbol - (arrow) with orientation O and 67.5 in FIG. 4 - fragments of the code table of the encoder.

The symbol generator contains 1 pulse generator, Scale setting unit 2, 3 clock counter, -4 memory block, register 5, interception decoder 6, element OR 7, address counter 8, 9-page decoder, data switch 10, first encoder 11 , counter 12 coordinates X and Y and the second encoder 13.

Code equivalents of symbol configurations are located in memory block 4, which has page organization (Fig. 2) and is a group of integrated circuits of fixed memory and main memory combined by address inputs and information inputs / outputs, and fixed memory is located in fixed memory Constant (standard) character sets, and in memory - variable, user programmable variable character sets. The number of character sets is determined by the number of pages of the memory block. The number (nomenclature) of characters in one set should not exceed 128 using standard KOI-7 codes and 256 using standard KOI-8 codes. Similarly, user character set nomenclatures are created, i.e. characters of a special (unspecified) configuration. In the cells of the first 128 (256) addresses of each page of the character storage 4, the initial addresses of the code equivalent zones of the character configuration are entered, thereby providing a tight packing of character encodings (one next to the other) and a reduction in the size of the page of the memory storage unit. Besides.

0

if some set includes characters whose configuration is already present, for example, in the one-hundred page of the standard set, then the address of the symbol in the standard page can be specified as the starting address, and the configuration zone of this symbol can be excluded from this page. Similarly, composite sets of characters such as KOI-7 type 2 can be formed.

In the code equivalent zone of each page of the memory block, a sequence of elementary steps is recorded along the outline of a symbol with a luminance modulation feature (visible or invisible element). The minimum code length of one elementary step is 4 bits (tetrad), where one bit is a sign of modulation and three bits are the direction of movement, for example; 000 - to the right (+ X); 001 - to the right and up (+ X, + Y); 010 - up (+ Y); 011 5 left and up (-X, + Y); 100 - to the left (-X) j 101 - to the left and down (-X, -Y); 110 - down; 111 - right and down

(+ X, -Y). The symbol of the corresponding displacements is indicated in brackets, and the same record is used to denote the unmodulated displacement, but with a dash above, for example (-X), (+ X, -Y),

Thus, from each point of the rectangular coordinate matrix of the symbol formation, both modulated and unmodulated transitions to any of eight adjacent positions are provided. To specify the end of the code equivalent of the symbol configuration (the symbol End of the symbol), any two consecutive unmodulated translations in opposite directions can be used, for example, the SEA code sequence; OlOOl, t, e, {(X), (-X) I. With 1 6-bit word length of the memory block, in each word there are four elementary steps along the contour of the symbol (Fig. 2).

The character generator works as follows.

The information input of the data switch 10 (FIG. L) receives the character code and the character set number code. 5 The Start signal, which arrives at the corresponding input of the character generator, produces a character code and a set number code for the output.

0

five

0

five

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KOMMyVaropa 10 and zapis these codes in the counter 8 addresses with an impulse generated at the output of the element ILR1 7, According to the code number of the set decoder 9 selects the corresponding page of the memory block. The Start signal also starts a pulse generator 1, at the output of which a series of clock pulses are generated, fed through block 2, which sets the scale to the input of the 3 clock counter. In the first cycle, the counter 3 generates a signal at the first output, a signal to access the memory block. From the page 4 of the memory 4 selected by the decoder at the address determined by the character code, the starting address of the code equivalent of the character is counted, which is again written to the address counter 8 by the signal generated at the third output of counter 3. At the next clock cycle, the signal at the first output counter 3 reads from the memory block 4 the first word of the code equivalent of the character and records it using the signal generated at the fourth output of the counter + (+ X, + Y) V (+ X) V (+ X, -Y) Y I & (+ X, -Y) V (-y) V

V / (- X, -Y) l V 2 & (- X, -Y) V (-X) V (-X, + Y) 3V

V3X (-X, + Y) V (+ Y) V (+ X, + Y); (one)

I

According to the signals,,, formed at the output of the encoder 11, a corresponding change occurs in the contents of the counter 12 coordinates X and Y, and the sequence of codes in this counter specifies the movement of the conditional point along the nodes of the coordinate matrix in accordance

+ 1, (-X, -iY) V (+ Y) V (+ X, + Y)} V Vlg, C (+ X, + Y) V (+ X) V (+ X, -Y) V2X: (+ X, -Y) YY (-Y) Y (-X, -Y) V3 & (-X, -Y) V (-X) VV (-X, + Y) 1; (2).

(-X, -Y) V (-X) Y (-X, + Y) Y V 1 & (-X, + Y.) V (+ Y) Y (+ X, + Y) V 2 & (+ X, + Y) V, V (+ X) V (+ X, -Y) V 38, (+ X, -Y) Y (-Y) V V (-X, -Y). (3

, (+ X, -Y) Y (-Y) V (-X, -Y) 3Y Y a (-X, -Y) Y (-X) Y (-X, + Y) V 2X C (-X , + Y) y Y (+ Y) V (+ X, + Y) Y3i; (+ X, + Y) V (+ X) VY (+ X, -Y) (4)

The logic of the encoder 11 does not depend on the modulus of the module and is determined by a 5-bit argument: 2 bits - the upper bits of the character rotation code and 3 bits - the code of the elementary step.

Upon completion of processing the first word of the code equivalent into register 5 from memory block 4, the next word is read out, and the contents of address counter 8 are again increased by one — in a similar way to the described above, i.e. cyclic reading and processing on the encoder 1I of a sequence of elementary steps and words of a code equivalent of a symbol.

40 with the encoded contour of the symbol and its angle of rotation, a multiple of 90.

Decoder 6 analyzes the code of two consecutive tetrads in register 5 and at the appearance of the code End Character. 45 a signal is generated at the output of the decoder 6, which stops the pulse generator 1 and switches it to the ready state for generating the next character.

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The scale setting unit 2 controls. the frequency of calls to the memory block 4 and the frequency of the shift pulses (writing) of register 5 generated by the counter 3 in the cyclic mode of processing the code equivalent of a character. When displaying a character of a normal size, the content of the contained register 5 is shifted on each clock cycle by the account 0

ka 3, to register 5, while +1 is added to the counter of the address 8 by the signal generated at the second output of the counter 3.

Next, the fourth output of counter 3 generates a series of signals that control the sequential output from register 5 of elementary step codes to the first turn encoder 1 (for example, shift of register content 5) while simultaneously issuing a modulation bit to the output of the beam light signal. The encoder 11 generates sync signals for each +1 step code, +1 X, +1 Y or reverse, the counter inputs 12 coordinates X and Y, depending on the code of the direction of movement and the code of the two higher bits of the angle of rotation of the symbol. With codes 0, 1, 2, 3, two higher bits of the angle of rotation, respectively; The rotation angles are O, 90, 180 5 and 270, the logic of the encoder 11 is described by the following logical formulas:

five

0

40 with the encoded contour of the symbol and its angle of rotation, a multiple of 90.

Decoder 6 analyzes the code of two consecutive tetrads in register 5 and when the code appears. The end of the symbol at the output of the decoder 6 generates a signal that stops the pulse generator 1 and switches it to the ready state for generating the next character.

The scale setting unit 2 controls. the frequency of calls to the memory block 4 and the frequency of the shift pulses (writing) of register 5 generated by the counter 3 in the cyclic mode of processing the code equivalent of a character. When displaying a character of a normal size, the contained register 5 is shifted on each clock cycle of operation Chuck's account 3, and when increased, for example, i | 2 times the size of the character shift of the content: its register 5 is performed every second cycle, with each step of the code equivalent being processed by the decoder 11 two times. B) For each step of the code equivalence, two imjiynbca increments are generated in the counter 12 coordinates Ainat X and Y and the symbol is increased by 2 times, the frequency of If calls to the memory block 4 is reduced twice, and the symbol formation time

correspondingly, it doubles, which ensures the same luminance of ordinary and enlarged symbols without the use of additional luminance correction circuits,: The symbol sequence specifies the sequence of codes in the counter 12 coordinates X and Y enters the input of the second encoder 13, in which it is modified with By taking into account the value of the lower bits of the angle of rotation of the characters in the sequence of the codes of the deviation along the coordinates: 1atam X and Y, these codes are sent to: The input of the symbol generator and supplied to the D / A converters

35

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Signed channel deflection of the beam by an electron additional code. The irpOHHO ray indicator (not shown), the corresponding displacements of the CRT beam trace are found on the exan phosphor. The encoder implements a tabular transformation of the rotation of the axes of the coordinate by the angle cf:: x x coslq -Y sinlq l; (five)

Y x -sinlt | U, (6) Where X, Y - the coordinates of the points of the contour of the symbol in a relative coordinate system (formed at the output of the counters of the coordinates X and Y); X, Y - the coordinates of the points of the contour of the character in the screen coordinate system of the electron-beam indicator; - the value of the least significant bits of the code of the angle of rotation of the characters 06 ((| | Г / 2 with the discreteness ut.

To eliminate the distortion of a symbol when it is rotated, the width of the output codes X, Y must be approximately twice the width of the input codes X, Y. So, when encoding symbols in a matrix of points and discreteness of the rotation angle u (j 7Г / 1 6 (11.25 °), the encoder is implemented on two

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Minor output bits X and Y, which provide neo accuracy of displaying the character, are separated by a dot.

The character generator is characterized by a wider area of design, both as part of traditional displays of advanced design systems, specialized external environment settings in air control systems). Thanks to the external character generator program for symbols you can use for any display you need. In addition, characters have more than a decryption character of characters and has the ability to change characters from Discrete 90 °.

Claims (1)

Formula images Symbol generator, with pulse generator, block 0 g Permanent memory chips of type K556PT7 with an information capacity of 2048x8 bits (one for each coordinate). Indeed, for encoding. The argument ki (x, y,) requires 11 bits: 4 bits for x -; 4 bits for Y and 3 bits for (. Thus, 2,048 lines of the conversion table for each of the X, Y, and X coordinates will be required. With an 8-bit output code of the X coordinates and Y, the information capacity of the conversion table for each coordinate will be 20488 bits. FIG. Figure 4 shows a fragment of the conversion table for the encoder 13 with rotational resolution & m / m. FIG. 3 shows the character encoding and its image with the orientation O (dashed line) and 67.5 (full line) using the values of the codes X, Y from the table in FIG. 4. In parentheses is the digitization of the coordinate axes in the octal 5 additional code, which corresponds to the physical values of the codes in the counter 12 coordinates X and Y, The values of the coordinate codes in the table in FIG. 4 are given in octal nome additional code. The low bits of the output codes X and Y, which provide the necessary accuracy in displaying the rotated symbol, are separated by a dot. The character generator is characterized by a wider field of application both in the composition of traditional vector displays of computer-aided design systems and in specialized devices for displaying the external environment (for example, in air traffic control systems). Thanks to the possibility of external programming of the character generator to display symbols of arbitrary configurations, required for the particular professional use of the display device. In addition, the symbol generator has a simpler character decoder scheme and is characterized by the possibility of changing the orientation of symbols with a resolution less than 90 °. Formula invented and. A symbol generator containing a pulse generator, a task block — a scale, a clock counter, a memory block, a register, a first encoder, X and Y coordinate counters, a page number decoder, an interrupt decoder, the pulse generator input is the trigger input of the character generator, and the Output connected to the clock input of the scale setting unit, the control input of which is the control input of the generator symbol size, and the output connected to the input of the clock counter, the output of which is connected to the control input of the memory block, decryption output A page number is connected to the memory chip select input, the output of which is connected to the information input of the register, the output of the register is connected to the information INPUT of the first encoder and the input of the decoder of the decoder, and the control input of the first encoder is the input of the character rotation code of the character generator, characterized in that, in order to simplify the character generator and expand its area of use, due to the possibility of displaying characters of various alfavit and arbitrary orientation ten 52572410 When displayed, it contains the second encoder, the data switch, the address counter and the OR element, | the output of which is connected to the control input of the address counter, the counting input of which is connected to the second output of the clock counter, the output of the address counter connected to the address input of the memory block and the decoder input of the page number, the output of the data switch is connected to the output of the memory block and connected to the information input the address counter, the information input of the data switch is the input of the character code of the symbol generator, the control input of the data switch is connected to the first input of the OR element and is connected to the start input of the generator symbol torus, the second input of the OR element is connected to the third output of the clock counter, the fourth output of which is connected to the register synchronous input, the information input of the second encoder is connected to the output of the X and Y coordinate counter, and the control input is connected to the input of the character generator rotation code, the output of the second the encoder is the output of the deviation code in the X and Y coordinates of the character generator. 15 20 25 thirty