SU1505657A1 - Horizontal forging machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the invention is to expand technological capabilities and increase productivity. The machine contains a crank-slider mechanism placed on the frame, on the slider of which a block of poissons is installed, a matrix block with a horizontal connector of semi-matrixes, a mechanism for transferring the workpieces being processed. The machine is equipped with an additional beam, a mechanism for balancing the pivoting beams and synchronizing their rotation, which is installed in the pilot beds and can be moved along the forging line by a support, a power cylinder located in the frame, a knee-lock mechanism, a support and a stem of the power cylinder. 6 hp ff, 2 ill.

Description

31505657

This invention relates to forging

press equipment, namely, horizontal forging machines (GKM) with a horizontal die connector, designed for hot stamping of forgings of various shapes and sizes from ferrous and non-ferrous metals in multi-die stamps.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the GCM by providing forging blanks with non-circular elements using dies, as well as increasing the productivity of the machine by increasing its speed.

The goal is achieved

Known GCM containing -TO in that GCM containing placed

crank-slider mechanism on the frame, on the slider of which a block of punches is mounted, matrix matrix with horizontal connector of semi-matrix, one of which is mounted on a hingedly mounted in the frame. pivoting beam, as well as the mechanism for transferring the workpieces l.

A disadvantage of the known machine is that it has insufficiently high technological capabilities. It can not be given a non-circular cross-sectional shape of a previously stamped round rod head. For example, in the first brook on the sterter, a cylindrical head exceeding the diameter of the rod is stamped out. In the second stream on this head it is necessary to perform two diametrically opposed flats (the operation is performed by closing the semi-matrices). Since in this case the recess in the lower half matrix under the head is less than the radius of the head, the rod lies in the stream with a skew in the vertical plane, which excludes the possibility obtain a benign article.

. The relatively low productivity is due to the fact that the machine’s fast response must be artificially reduced, since between two moves of the slider carrying the punches it takes time for the transfer mechanism to move the workpiece from one stream to another. Since the lower floor of the mat is fixed, the transfer mechanism must lift the forging from the stream — the lower half-matrix of movement

It goes up, horizontally transfer it to the next stream and then lower it down into the stream. Even if the sharp corners of such a track of Yurii are rounded, then the transfer of the workpiece takes a relatively long time.

In addition, the transfer mechanism itself is complicated by the complex trajectory.

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on the frame of the crank-slider mechanism, on the slider of which a block of punches is mounted, a matrix block with a horizontal connector of semi-matrixes, one of which is fixed on a rotating beam pivotally mounted in the frame, as well as a mechanism for transferring the workpieces, is equipped with an additional rotating beam hinged on a steel frame opposite the main one, the mechanism of balancing the pivot beams and the synchronization of their rotation associated with both pivot beams, while the other half-matrix of the matrix block is mounted on an additional beam. In addition, it is provided with a support installed in the bed guides that can be moved along the forging line, a power cylinder located in the frame, as well as a knee-lever mechanism connected to the base frame, the power cylinder rod, and the Hinge axes of both beams in the said support, in addition, protrusions are made on one of the beams, and on the other, corresponding grooves for accommodating the said protrusions, the surfaces of the protrusions and grooves are outlined by arcs of circles whose center is aligned with the axis of beams orbit, and the mechanism of balancing and synchronizing the beams rotation can be performed in the form of two gear wheels in interlocking, each of which is fixed on the axis of the corresponding turn beam, in the form of two connecting rods with a corresponding curved beam of gear rails and mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation of a gear wheel, interacting with both laths or in the form of a rocker arm mounted on the frame, the ends of which are connected to the corresponding beam by means of connecting rods. The machine is also equipped with an eccentric mounted on one of the beams and an eccentric rotation speed in the form of

a worm gear, wherein the eccentric is connected to the connecting rod of the mechanism for balancing and synchronizing the same beam.

FIG. 1 schematically depicts a CGM with a balancing and synchronization mechanism in the form of interlocking gear wheels and an individual hinge axis for each beam; in fig. 2 is a view A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 HCM with a balancing and synchronization mechanism in the form of gear racks and a common hinge axis for both beams in FIG. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 3; in fig. 5-HCM with trim and synchronization mechanism in the form of rocker; in fig. 6 shows the trajectory of the movement of the workpiece using the trenches of the matrix unit; in fig. 7 - skewed position of the workpiece in the stream of the known GKM; in fig. 8 - the same, in the proposed HCM; in fig. 9 - the correct position of the workpiece.

The GCM contains a frame 1 on which the main crank-slider mechanism of the machine with the drive includes a slider 2 connected by a connecting rod 3 to the crankshaft 4 is mounted. The crankshaft rotation drive has a gear, the wheel 5 of which is rigidly connected to the crankshaft 4, and gear 6 - with a flywheel-clutch 7, which is simultaneously a V-belt drive pulley 8, the second pulley 9 of which is attached to the motor shaft 10

On the slider 2 is fixed a block of several punches 11 mounted in a horizontal row.

The matrix unit of the machine consists of two semi-matrix - the top 12 and the bottom 13 with a horizontal connector between them. The semi-matrix connector 12 and 13 made several (by the number of punches) streams, the configuration of each of which, in combination with the configuration of the corresponding punch, defines one of the transitions of the product. The semi-matrices 12 and 115 are rigidly fixed at the ends of the stapled beams 14 and 15, respectively, located opposite (oppositely) one to the other and having the axes 16 and 17 axes 16 and 17 that are individual for each beam or axis 18 or one common for both beams (beams are made by casting or welded, have a hollow, box-shaped cross section, their

the design is similar only in general terms, in particular, they can differ significantly from one another). To rotate beams 14 and 15 on axis x 16, 17, or 18, there is a drive mechanism 19 made in the form of a system of hinged kinematic links, the final of which 0 | g hectare 20 connects both beams. The mechanism 19 is driven by the crankshaft crank 4.

Since the GCM is a rather high-speed machine (30-80 strokes of a slider per minute), and the masses of oscillating beams 14 and 15 are quite impressive, there is a need for their mutual balancing. In addition, the semi-matrixes 12 and 13 should converge.

0 strictly simultaneously on the forging line. Both of these functions are performed by the mechanism for balancing and synchronizing the turn, which connects beams 14 and 15. In the machine, with two individual for each beam, hinged axes 16 and 17, this mechanism is made in the form of a gear transmission with backlash engagement consisting of two gears. wheels 21 with equal number

0 teeth One wheel 21 is rigidly fixed on the axis 16, and the second on the axis 17. In order to ensure the gearless engagement of the gear, the gear is duplicated on the other side of the beams, with

R. In this case, two wheels 21 fixed on the same axis, for example, on axis 16, are turned in opposite directions by the size of the engagement gap during assembly and fixed on the axis in this position.

In another embodiment, the balancing and synchronization mechanism may be made in the form of two parallel spaced gear racks.

g 22 interacting with each other by means of a gear wheel 23 mounted on the base 1 with the possibility of free rotation. Each rail 22 is connected by a connecting rod 24 to one of the beams 14, 15.

This mechanism can also be made in the form of a rocker arm 25 fixed on the base 1, the ends of which are connected with beams 14 and 15 by rods 24.

To adjust the position of the plane of the connector of semi-matrix 12 and 13 in accordance with the plane p and the punch 11 one or both of the connecting rod 24 s for 0

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libi with beam 14 or 15 by means of: xcentric 26, having a manual worm in the form of a worm gear 27.:; The centric 26 with the possibility of free-ijforo rotation is mounted on the axis, fixed on the beam 14 or 15,

The forging process is accompanied by great effort. Therefore, it is possible to carry out a shear shift of one beam relative to the other 40 (due to the unilateral clearing of gaps in axes 16-18, as well as the even stretching of the metal chain). Projections 28 are made to increase stiffness on alkeys 14 and 15.

the corresponding grooves 29 with surfaces formed by the arc o (the circle 5 the center of which coincides

the axis of rotation of the beams 14 and 15. The protrusion 8 of one beam enters the groove 29 of the other 4alki (and vice versa) so that a movable lock is formed, excluding the movement of the beams.

To protect the machine from possible overloading by forging, the atric block can be transferred along the forging axis. For this, the arnier axes 16-18 are mounted in the pore 30, moving along the guides 1 along the forging line. Bearing 30 sv - ana with a bed 1 is a knee-lever mechanism (the so-called breaking lever) 32, whose knees 1 are set at an angle of only a few smaller ones. The hinge connection of the stars (fracture point) of the lever lever-iho mechanism is connected with the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 33, in the piston cavity of which a certain support is maintained; | (advance.

 Similarly, the overload protection device 34 is also present in the mechanism 19 for driving the beams 14 and 15.

In the working area of the machine, the workpiece 35 is transferred from one stream to another by the transfer mechanism 36. Moreover, the result of the fact that both semi-matrices began to depart from the forging line, the motion path of the workpiece 35; The yri was transferred from a stream to a stream and became linear.

GCM works as follows. In the initial position, semi-matrices 12 and 13 are divorced (opened), respectively, tTBeHHo up and down from the line of their connector, and the 2 junctions 11 fixed on the slider are in the rearmost position.

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The engine 10, rotating the pulley 9, works to spin the flywheel 7, transferring the rotation to it by means of a timing transmission 8. The clutch is disengaged, the rotation to the crankshaft 4 is not transmitted.

The workpiece 35 is processed by a transverse movement of the transfer mechanism 36 to the first stream. The machine is ready to go. Next, the clutch (located in the flywheel 7) is turned on and rotation from the flywheel 7 is transmitted through gear 6 and gear 5 to the crankshaft 4. During the first half turn of the crankshaft 4, the kinematically connected drive mechanism 19 rotates the beam 14, and through 20 y beam 15 around the axes 16 and 17 or the common axis 18 to the closing of the semi-matrix 12, 13 in the plane of the forging line. In the process of closing the semi-matrix, the upper beam 14 rotates on its axis 16. The gear wheel 21 fixed on it turns the same wheel 21 at the exact same angle together with the lower beam 15. The main force of the rotations of the beams is provided by the drive 19 and the light 20. The interaction of the wheels 21 mutual balancing of the masses of both beams and simultaneous (synchronous) arrival of semi-matrix 12 and 13 on the machine’s forging line is achieved; this requires careful angular adjustment of the wheels 21 before fixing them on axles 16 and 17. In addition, such a mechanism It can be used only with separate axles of rotation of each beam. In the implementation of a mechanism of similar purpose with toothed rails 22, the turning of the upper beam 14 in the process of sliding the semi-matrix is transmitted to a toothed rail 22 connected with it by a connecting rod 24. the other gear rail 22 connected to the beam 15. As far as the first rail moves in one direction, for example, downwards, so the second rail moves in the opposite direction, in this example upwards. In this way, the masses of both beams are also mutually balanced, and their synchronous pattern is reached, to the forging line.

. In this embodiment, adjustment is made for precise alignment of the connector plane of the matrix block with the machine forging line before the machine starts operation (it can be adjusted during operation) by rotating the worm gear 27, as a result of which the slats 22 remain stationary, and the eccentric 26 zannuyu axis of rotation with the beam, raises (or lowers) the beam together with the semi-matrix to a position strictly symmetrical to the other beam relative to the forging axis,

In execution with the yoke 25, this mechanism works similarly to the lath mechanism — the rotation of one of the beams is transmitted by the connecting rod 24 to the shoulder of the rocker 25, the second shoulder of which transmits exactly the same movement through the second connecting rod 24, but oppositely directed to the second beam.

As a result of the closure of the semi-matrix 12 and 13, the blank 35 is clamped in the first stream of the matrix block. With the beginning of the rotational movement of the crankshaft 4, simultaneously with the actuator 19, the slider 2, pushed by the connecting rod 3, moves. By the time of complete clamping of the workpiece 35, the crankshaft completes the first half turn and the slider 2 is in the extreme forward position. At the same time, the 1 G punch corresponding to the first stream, fixed on the slider 2, deforms the workpiece 35th in this case upsets its end to form a cylindrical head, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the rod (the corresponding cavity is made in the stream to press the head). ,

Under normal (not exceeding the calculated) forging force, the pressure in the piston cavity of hydraulic cylinder 33 is constantly maintained and the knee mechanism 32 is kept in the unfolded state (at an angle only slightly smaller than 180). In this state, the knee mechanism 32 holds the movable support 30 in the rearmost position (backward protrusion of the support 30 is prevented by the projection of the base 1).

If the shaping force exceeds the calculated one (due to, for example, an excess of metal in the cavity of the stream or cooling of the workpiece below the forging temperature), the protection is triggered - the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 33 can no longer keep the crank lever Mexaiffl3M 32 in an expanded state and under the action of forging forces .

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The calculated, knee mechanism 32 is broken, i.e. folds (the angle between his knees decreases). At the same time, the piston increases the pressure in the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 33, as a result of which a safety valve (not shown) opens, relieving the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 33. The fracture of the knee-support mechanism 32 and the pressure drop in the hydraulic cylinder 33 allow the support 30 to move along the guides 31 under the action of the punch 11. Together with the support 30 along the forging axis, the beams 14 and 15 connected with it by the axes 16-18 move to the half matrices 12 and 13 and the workpiece 35 clamped in the latter. In this case, the slider 2 makes a full stroke without failures machine mechanism.

During the second half-turn of the crankshaft 4, the punches 11 go back to their original position, the drive mechanism 19 turns the matrix unit by turning the beams 14 and 15 in opposite directions. In this case, the weight of the descending beam 15 by means of the balancing mechanism compensates for the weight of the rising beam 14. (In turn, when the beam 14 is closed, lowering helps the drive 19 to raise the beam 15).

Immediately after the matrix block has been opened, the transfer mechanism 36 moves the workpiece 35 to the place of the third stream (the second stream is conventionally omitted). The molding cavity of this creek has a non-circular shape, outlined, for example, by circular arcs and two parallel chords arranged horizontally.

Over the next half turn (third) of the crankshaft 4, not only is clamping of the workpiece 35 in the third stream, 1o and its deformation by semi-matrix 12 k 13, i.e. making bald spots on a round head (a punch located against the third stream, in this case, the workpiece does not deform, it only closes the molding cavity of the stream). In this case, in case of excessive overload, the fuse 34 is triggered, whose operation is similar to the operation of the safety device 32, 33.

In operation, the machines, when the beams 14 and 15 are shifted and moved apart, are permanently interconnected by radius protrusions 28

and the corresponding grooves 29 of the castle. This eliminates the relative shift of beams 14 and 15, improving the quality of finished products.

Thus, fixing both semi-matrices of the matrix block on two / hingedly rotating beams, connected by a mechanism for balancing and synchronizing their rotation, will allow e to expand the technological capabilities of the GCM, since this ensures the possibility of forging products with non-circular elements using | matrices (such products have a wide distribution in the national household, for example fasteners for fastening rails to sleepers). In addition, the mutual removal of both semi-matrix from the forging line at the connector of the matrix | provides the molar trajectory of movement of the ITOBOK curb along the creek, which reduces the | transfer time of the workpiece and, therefore, IB combined with the reduction of the time | to the matrix block connector, allows you to increase the speed of the machine,: and ultimately increases its performance.

: The transfer mechanism is simplified by simplifying its movement: neither (instead of a wavy linear pro- gram trajectory).

Installation of the axes of rotation of the beams on: a movable support in combination with a stake / 5

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the lever mechanism eliminates the possibility of machine breakage due to the overloading of its mechanism by the landing force, which also increases the capacity of the GCM due to reduced downtime for repairs.

All three options for performing the balancing and synchronization mechanism, performed their functions, contribute to the expansion of the technological capabilities of the GCM and increase its productivity. In addition, the presence of a balancing mechanism increases the conditions for safe operation during the assembly and disassembly of dies (semi-matrices), since the mutual balancing of the beams using mechanical connections prevents their spontaneous angulation.

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The power lock in the form of radial protrusions and the corresponding grooves on the pivoting beams of the machine increases the rigidity of the structure, positively affecting the accuracy of the resulting products, which ultimately results in the technological capabilities of the GCM.

Providing adjustment of the relative position of the beams with an eccentric also contributes to the achievement of the goal.

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Claims (7)

1. HORIZONTAL FORGING MACHINE, containing a crank-slide mechanism located on the bed, on the slider of which is installed. a punches block, a matrix block with a horizontal half-matrix connector, one of which is mounted on a swivel beam pivotally mounted in the frame, as well as a transfer mechanism for workpieces, characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities and increase productivity, it is equipped with an additional swivel beam mounted on the bed opposite the main mechanism of balancing the rotary beams and synchronize their rotation associated with both rotary beams, while the other the matrix of the matrix block is mounted on an additional rotary beam, 2. The machine according to paragraphs. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a support installed in the guides of the bed with the possibility of moving a support along the forging line, a power cylinder located in the bed, as well as an x-link mechanism associated with the bed, support and the power cylinder rod, while the hinge axes of both pivot beams placed in the support. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for balancing and synchronizing the rotation of the beams is made in the form of two engaged gears, each of which is fixed to the axis of the corresponding rotary beam. 4. Machine pop. 1, characterized in that on one of the beams protrusions are made, and on the other there are corresponding grooves for accommodating the protrusions, while the surfaces of the protrusions and grooves are outlined by arcs of circles, the center of which is aligned g with the axis of rotation of the beams. 5. Machine pop. 1, characterized in that the mechanism of the equation for weighing and synchronizing the rotation of the beams is made in the form of two gear rods connected by a connecting rod with a corresponding rotary beam and mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation of the gear wheel interacting with both racks. 6. Machine pop. ^ characterized in that the mechanism for balancing and synchronizing the rotation of the beams is made in the form of a beam mounted on a bed, the ends of which are connected to the corresponding beam by means of connecting rods. 7. The machine according to paragraphs. 5 and 6, characterized in that it is equipped with an eccentric mounted on one of the beams and an eccentric rotation drive in the form of a worm gear, the eccentric connected to the connecting rod of the balancing and synchronizing mechanism of the same beam. SU. „, 1505657 A1 1505657 ⁴