SU1496746A1 - Method of producing egg lecithine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and relates to the production of lecithin. The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of lecithin and simplify the process. This is achieved by extracting the egg yolk with acetone and then with a standard, after which the extractant is removed to produce lecithin, and to decompose the lipoprotein complex with acetone, calcium carbonate is added to the yolk in an amount of 0.02-4.50% by weight of yolk.

Description

The invention relates to the oil and fat industry, namely to the production of lecithin.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of lecithin and simplify the process.

The method is carried out as follows.

As a raw material, yolk of non-standard eggs is used. Before being treated with acetone, calcium carbonate is added to the yolk with stirring. From 1 to 45 g of calcium carbonate (0.02– 4.5%) are consumed per 1 kg of yolk. Stirring is continued until a uniform distribution of calcium carbonate throughout the yolk volume. In order to remove water and neutral lipids, the yolk in the presence of carbonate extracts {from acetone at 16-25 ° C. Mass ratio

the following: yolk: acetone - 1: (2 - 3.8). The acetone extract is filtered off. The fat free sludge is dried from acetone. The dry powder is extracted with ethanol (ethyl alcohol) at 16-25 ° C and stirred for. 4-10 h. The mass ratio is as follows; dry residue of yolk: ethanol 1: (5-12). Alcoholic lecithin extract is filtered. Ethanol filtrate containing lecithin is evaporated in vacuo to 0.05-0.5 of initial (initial) volume. 1 l of alcoholic lecithin extract is evaporated to a volume of 50-500 ml. The concentrate for lecithin extraction is mixed with acetone. The volume ratio of concentrate:: acetone 1: (1.2-3.0). The temperature when mixing is 15-25 C. The mixture is maintained at 10 ° C for 24 hours and

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the layers are separated, the lecithium is washed another 1-2 times with acetone. The yield of lecithin on average 37 g-1 kg of egg yolk.

Example 1. At 18 ° C, 1 kg of yolk is mixed with 0.2 g of calcium carbonate (0.02%). 1 kg of acetone is added to the yolk while stirring and stirred for 2 hours. The yolk suspension in acetone is filtered, the precipitate is treated another 1 kg of acetone is filtered, spread on filter paper and dried for 24 hours. Dry yolk powder is extracted with ethanol. Per 1 kg of powder take 5 kg of ethanol. The extraction was carried out 2 times with 2.5 kg of ethanol at and stirred for 4 hours. The suspension in ethanol was filtered. 1 l of lecithin extract in ethanol is evaporated on a rotary evaporator to a volume of 0.05 l. At 18 ° C, acetone is added to the resulting concentrate in a concentrate: acetone ratio of 1: 1.2. Separate the layers. Lower lecium - TiniOBbM layer is treated two more times with acetone. The acetone layer is drained. Lecithin under acetone

at 10 ° C. Lecithin yield 36.4 g 30 0.02% relative to the yolk. Concentrate with 1 kg of yolk. The phosphorus content in terms of dry matter 5.25%.

The color of the drug on the optical density at 450-380 nm 0,4.

Example 2. 1 kg of yolk at 18 ° C is mixed with 45 g of calcium carbonate (4.5%). The ethanol extract is concentrated to 0.5 of the initial volume, followed by treatment of the concentrate with acetone. The process is then carried out 40 times analogously to example 1. A yield of lecithin is 38 g with 1 kg of yolk. The product meets the requirements of the technical specifications.

Example 3.1 kg of yolk is mixed with 20 g of calcium carbonate (2%). The ethanol solution is evaporated to 0.32 of the initial volume. The process is then carried out analogously to example 1. The yield of lecithin is 39.2 g with 1 kg of yolk. The product meets the requirements of the technical specifications.

Example 4. 1 kg of yolk is mixed with 0.18 g of calcium carbonate (0.018%). The process is then carried out. Analogously to example 1. The yield of lecithin is 31.4 g with 1 kg of yolk.

Example 5. 1 kg of yolk is mixed with 46 g of calcium carbonate

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Calcium carbonate more than 4.50 wt.% increases the viscosity of the yolk, thereby reducing the intensity of mass transfer in the extraction of yolk with acetone.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield of lecithin by 48%, simplify the process by 3 times, and also exclude from the production of toxic substances - cadmium salts, chloroform and diethyl ether.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of obtaining egg lecithin involves extracting the yolk with acetone with stirring, separating the acetone extract, and extracting the residue with ethanol, followed by removing the extractant to obtain the desired product, characterized in that By elimination with acetone, the yolk is mixed with dry calcium carbonate in an amount of 0.02-4.50% of; Mass of the yolk. 0 five 0 five (.4.6%). The process is then carried out analogously to example 1. The yield of lecithin is 26.8 per 1 kg of yolk. Example 6. The whole process is similar to Example 1, except for: lecithin from the concentrate is isolated with cadmium chloride (according to a known method). The yield of lecithin is 27.6 g per 1 kg of yolk. The yield increase is achieved by decomposition of the lipoprotein complex containing phospholipids and yolk proteins, calcium carbonate, as well as destruction of the biomembrane yolk as a result of the abrasive effect of calcium carbonate with stirring of the yolk with acetone. The decomposition of the lipoprotein complex of the egg yolk — vitellene — takes place under the influence of calcium carbonate in the presence of acetone and alcohol. As a result, part of the bound lecithin is released, increasing its overall yield. The effect of the decomposition of lipoproteins and the abrasive (destructive membrane) effect of calcium carbonate appears, starting with the concentration of the latter 0.02% relative to the yolk. Concentrate Calcium carbonate more than 4.50 wt.% increases the viscosity of the yolk, thereby reducing the intensity of mass transfer in the extraction of yolk with acetone. The proposed method allows to increase the yield of lecithin by 48%, simplify the process 3 times, and also exclude from the production of toxic substances - cadmium salts, chloroform and diethyl ether. Invention Formula A method of producing egg lecithin, which involves extracting the yolk with acetone with stirring, separating the acetone extract, and extracting the residue with ethanol, followed by removing the extractant to obtain the desired product, in order to increase the yield of lecithin and simplify , before E1 straction with acetone, the yolk is mixed with dry calcium carbonate in an amount of 0.02-4.50% of; Mass of the yolk.