SU1487181A1 - Optoelectronic unit - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in devices of automation, remote control and computing. The purpose of the invention is the reduction of power consumption, the achievement of homogeneity of the structure of digital and analog

govol parts of the module, improving reliability while simplifying. The module contains ΑχΛ4 indicator cells 15, counting trigger 1, optoelectronic counter 13, switch 4. The purpose of the invention is achieved by introducing a trigger input, optically connected to the auxiliary input of the first cell of the counter 13 and the analogue scale 30. The module operates in the following modes: information recording mode , information offset mode, analog mode. The information offset mode is divided into four sub-modes: left shift mode, right shift mode, up shift mode, down shift mode. In analog mode, a moving light spot is observed, which displays the curve of the amplitude of the input voltage. 1 h. n. f-ly, 5 ill.

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The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in devices for automation and telemechanics of computer technology.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce power consumption, achieving homogeneity of the structure of the digital and analog parts of the module, improving accuracy while simplifying.

FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of an optoelectronic module; in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of one indication cell of a module; in fig. 3 - functional diagram of the analog scale; in fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the error element; in fig. 5 - timing diagrams explaining the operation of the module.

The optoelectronic module contains a counting trigger 1, equipped with a counting input 2 and an input 3 of the initial installation, a switch 4 containing the first, second third, fourth and fifth fixed contacts 5–9 and switching contact 10, the first and second amplifiers 11 and 12, an optoelectronic counter 13 pulses, containing N cells 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14 Ν, in which the optical outputs of each previous cell are sequentially connected to the optical input of each subsequent cell, each indication cell

15.1, 15.2, ..., 15.7ν, 15.2.1, 15.2.2, ..., 15.2.? /, ..., 15.Λ4..1, 15.М.2, ..., \ 5.Μ.Ν, equipped

the optical external input 16, except for the first and last column and row, is optically connected with the subsequent and previous cells in the row and column, with the indication cells 15.1.1, ..., 15.Μ. 1 of the first column is optically connected with the cells 15.1.?/, ..., 15Λ4.Λ? the last column, and the cells 15.1.1, ..., 15.1, ^ of the first row are optically connected with the cells 15.Λ4.1, ..., 15.ΛΪ.Ν of the last row, the output of each odd cell 14.1, 14.3, ... , 14.?/ - 1 optoelectronic counter 13 is connected to the output of the second amplifier 12, the input of which is connected to the direct output of the counting trigger 1, and each input of the even-numbered cell 14.2, 14.4 ..., 14.N - with the output of the first amplifier 11, input which is connected to the inverted output of the trigger 1, the output of the second amplifier 12 is connected to the switching contact 10 of the switch 4, the first contact 5 of which is connected to the second input ohm 17 of each cell of the cell 15 of the module, the second contact 6 - the third input 18 of each cell 15 of the module, the third contact 7 - with the fourth input 19 and the fourth contact 8 - with the fifth input 20, the output of the first amplifier 11 is connected to the sixth inputs 21 of each cell 15 The module, the first, second, third and fourth optical outputs 22–25 of each indicator cell 15, except for the first and last columns and rows, respectively, are optically connected to the first, second, third and fourth optical inputs of 26–29 subsequent and previous

cells 15 in the column and row, and the first optical output 22 and the second optical input 26 cells 15.1.1, ..., 15Λ4.1 of the first column are optically connected with the first optical input 23 cells 15.1.Λ ?, ..., 15. L4.L? the last column, and the third optical output 24 and the fourth optical input of 29 cells 15.1.1, ..., 15.1.?/ of the first row are optically connected to the third optical input 28 and the fourth optical output of 25 cells 15.L4.1, ... , Ι ^ Μ. ^ Ν of the last line, in addition, the module additionally contains an analogue scale 30, each output 31.1, 31.2, ..., 31Λ4 of which is connected to the seventh outputs 32 of the indication cells 15 of the module of the corresponding line, and the electrical outputs of the cells 14 of optoelectronic the counter 13 pulses are connected to the first outputs of the 33 indication cells 15 of the module, respectively An analog input 34 of the module is connected to the input 35 of the analog scale 30, and the optical output of the last cell 14 N of the optoelectronic pulse counter 13 is optically connected to the optical input of the first cell 14 | equipped with the optical launch input 36.

Each indicator cell 15 of the module (Fig. 2) contains the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth LEDs 37-42, the indicator LED 43, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh photothyristors 44-50. The anode of the first LED 37 through the first resistor 51 is connected to the seventh output 32 of the cell 15, and the cathode to the first output 33 and to the cathode of the first photo thyristor 44, the anode of which is connected through the second resistor 52 to the cathode of the indicating LED 43, the anode of which is connected to the bus 53 power supply. The cathodes of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth photo thyristors 45–49 are connected respectively to the fourth, third, second, fifth, and sixth electrical outputs 19, 18, 17, 20, 21 and the second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh optical photo thyristors the third, first, second, fourth, and external optical inputs 28, 26, 27, 29, and 16 of cell 15 are connected, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth LEDs 39–42 are optically connected to the first, second, third, and fourth optical outputs 22 —25 cells 15. Cathodes of the fourth and seventh photothyristors 47 and 50 combined, and the combined anodes of the second, third, fourth, fifth and seventh photothyristors 45-48, 50 are connected to the cathode of the second LED 38, the anode of which through the third resistor 54 is connected to the cathode of the indicator LED 43 and the anode of the third LED 39, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of the fourth LED 40, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of the fifth LED 41, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of the sixth LED 42, the cathode of which

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connected to the anode of the sixth photothyristor 48, optically coupled to the second LED, and the first LED 37 is optically coupled to the first photoristor 44.

The analogue scale 30 (Fig. 3) contains M error elements 55.1,

55.2, ..... 55.Л4, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs 31.1, 31.2, ..., 31M of the analogue scale 30, and М + 1 threshold elements 56.1, 56.2, ..., 56.Л1 + 1, each of which contains a transistor 57, the emulator of which is connected to the common bus, the collector through the first resistor 58 to the power bus 59, and the base is connected to the combined terminals of the second and third resistors 60 and 61, the second terminals of which are respectively connected to the input. 35 of the scale 30 and to the common bus, the inverse input 62 of each error element 55 connected to the collector of the transistor 57 of the previous threshold element 56, and the direct input 63 to the collector of the transistor 57 of the subsequent threshold element 57.

Each element 55 of the error (Fig. 4) contains the element NOT 64, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element AND — NOT 65, the second input of which is connected to the direct input 62, and the output - to the output 31, inverse input 63 is connected to the input of the element NOT 64.

The device works as follows.

Two modes of module operation are possible - digital information processing mode; analog information processing mode.

Consider the first mode of the module.

In the first mode of operation, at the initial moment of time, all nodes of the device are energized, the switching contact 10 of the switch 4 is closed with the first fixed contact 5, and the counting trigger 1 is in the zero state by applying a pulse of positive polarity to the input 3 of the initial installation. All indicator cells 15 in the module are in the zero state, i.e., the indicator LEDs 43 (FIG. 2) do not emit light.

In the digital mode of the module there can be two sub-modes: the mode of recording information into the module; information transfer mode in the module.

For the information recording mode in the module, the switching contact 10 of the switch 4 is closed with the first fixed contact 5, and the counting trigger 1 remains in the zero state, and "0" is present on its direct output, and on the inverse "1". Logical "0" through the second amplifier 12 is supplied to the second electrical inputs 17 of each cell 15 and prepares them for recording information.

Let it be necessary to record information in bits 15.1.2, 15.2.1, 15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2 (with M = 5, A = 10). To do this, the external optical input 16 cells 15.1.2, 15.2.1,

15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2, 15.5.2 an optical signal is applied, which is supplied to the seventh photothyristor 50 (Fig. 2), and it, in turn, goes into a conducting state, and the indicator LED 43 of cells 15.1. 2,

15.2.1, 15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4: 2, 15.5.2 emits light. The second LED 38 of the excited cells, emitting light on the sixth photo-thyristor 49, prepares it to receive the recorded information.

The transfer of information, in turn, is divided into four sub-modes: information shift to the left; shift information to the right; information shift up; shift information down.

To transfer information to the left, it is necessary that the switching contact 10 of switch 4 be connected to the first fixed contact 5. Counting trigger 1 is in the zero state.

Let it be necessary to shift the recorded information in the recording mode to the left by two indication cells. To do this, four pulses are applied to the counting input 2 of the trigger 1.

With the arrival of the first pulse, the trigger 1 goes into a single state, i.e. the “low” level of positive potential from the inverse output through the first amplifier 11 is fed to the sixth electrical input 21 of the indication cells 15.

Due to the fact that the sixth photothyristors have 49 excited cells 15.1.2, 15.2.1,

15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2, 15.5.2. The light from the second light-emitting diodes 38 was present in advance, the sixth photoristors 49 cells 15.1.2, 15.2.1,

15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2,15.5.2 with the arrival of a logical "0" on them. the cathodes go into a conducting state, and the seventh photothyristors 50 go into a reverse-biased state due to the logical “1” coming from their direct output of the trigger 1.

The third, fourth, fifth and sixth LEDs of 39–42 excited cells 15.1.2

15.2.1, 15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2, 15.5.2 emit light.

When considering the principle of operation of the scheme, we assume that cells with indices 15.1.2 are in the excited state,

15.2.1, 15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2, 15.5.2, i.e. hereinafter, ϊ and / takes the values 1.2; 2.1; 2.2; 3.2; 4.2; 5.2.

With the arrival of the second pulse, the counting trigger 1 goes to the zero state and a logical “0” is applied to the second electrical inputs 17 of all cells 15, and due to the presence of an optical signal on the fourth photo thyristor 47 from the second optical input 27 of the next cell 15.ί, / - 1, which is supplied from the fifth LED 41 of the previous cell 15.7./, through its second optical output 23, cell 15.7./-1

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transitions to the excited state, since the fourth photothyristor 47 of this cell 15././' — 1 turns into the conducting state, and its indicator LED 43 emits light. The sixth photothyristor 49 of the cell 15././ ’switches to the reverse-biased state due to the arrival of a logical“ 1 ”on its cathode. If the cell 15././'— 1 was previously in an excited state, then it will remain so in it. Cell 15././ 'is reset if the previous cell 15.7./- +-1 did not emit light and remains in the same state as if it emitted light.

With the arrival of the third impulse, preparations are underway to shift the information, and with the arrival of the fourth impulse, another shift is made to another cell. Thus, each subsequent cell in the process of displacement, carries the information of its previous cell, and therefore, the information recorded in the information recording mode will shift two indication digits to the left and cells 15.1.10, 15.2.3, 15.2.10, 15.3 become excited .10, 15.4.10, 15.5.10 (with M = 5, N = 10).

To transfer information to the right, the switching contact 10 of the switch 4 is connected to the second fixed contact 6.

Let it be necessary to shift the recorded information to the right by two indication cells 15. To do this, four pulses are applied to the counting input 2 of the counting trigger 1.

This mode is different from. shift to the left only by the fact that the offset is not on the fourth photo thyristor 47, the fifth LED 41 and the electrical input 17, but on the third photo thyristor 46, the sixth LED 42 and the third electrical input 18 through optical. entrances 26 and exits 22.

As a result of the information being shifted two cells to the right, recorded in the recording mode, the cells will be in the excited state 15.1.4, 15 2.3 15 2 4 15.3.4, 15.5.4.

To shift the information upward, the switching contact 10 of the switch 4 is connected to the third fixed contact 7, and the bias is provided via the second photo thyristor 45, the third LED 39 (FIG. 2) and the fourth electrical input 19 through the third optical inputs 28 and the outputs 24. As a result in the excited state there will be cells 15.1.2, 15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4 2

15.5.1, 15.5.2.

In the downward shift mode, the switching contact 10 of the switch 4 is closed with the fourth fixed contact 8, and the shift is carried out by the fifth photo thyristor 48 (FIG. 2), the fourth LED 40 and the fifth electrical input 8

Ду 20 through the fourth optical inputs 29 and outputs 25. The cells will emit light 15.1.2, 15.2.2, 15.3.2, 15.4.2, 15.5.2.

All optical communications between the cells of the outermost columns and the outermost rows are designed so that the information recorded in the module during the shift is not lost. If, say, in the excited state there was a discharge of the last column, then when shifting to the right by one indication discharge, the excited discharge becomes the one that is the first in the same row.

Consider the analog mode of the module.

For this trigger 1 is set to the zero state. The movable contact 10 of the switch 4 is closed with the fifth fixed contact 9. All cells 14 of the optoelectronic counter 13 pulses are not excited. The analogue scale 30 is also not excited, that is, at its outputs 31.1, 31.2 .... 31M there are logical "1".

All threshold elements 56 (Fig. 3) of an analogue scale 30, using voltage dividers consisting of second and third resistors 60 and 61, are tuned to a certain threshold voltage b + or excitation of threshold elements 56. They are tuned so that each subsequent threshold element 56 has a trigger threshold per quantization unit higher than the previous threshold element 56.

Simultaneously with the input to the input bus 34 of the analog signal (+ - C71, counting pulses 1 are fed to counting input 2 of trigger 1, and an optical signal is fed to optical input 36 for starting the first cell 14.1 of counter 13, the duration of which is limited in the following limits:

Ti ^ T ° ^pt <7 and 7 _and > tf _P ,

where τοπτ - the duration of the optical signal or the time of presence of light at the input 36 of the first cell 14.1 of the counter 13;

t „is the duration of the counting pulse; T _and - the repetition period of the counting pulses;

ter is the response time of one cell 14 of the counter 13.

The first cell 14.1 of the counter 13 goes into the excited state and sends an optical signal from the optical output to the optical input of the second cell 14.2 of the counter 13, and a “high” level of positive potential appears at the electrical output of the first cell 14.1 of the counter 13, which goes to the seventh outputs of the 32 indication cells 15.1.1, ...,

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15.1.M first column. From the bus 34 to the input 35 of the analogue scale 30 receives the analog signal ί / _Β χ = ί / |. The threshold elements 56 of the analog ScAlda 30, for which // pores ^ // ix = (/ 1 and transistors 57 of these elements 56 will open, will move to the excited state, on the collectors of which a logical "0" will appear, coming to the inverse and direct inputs 62 and 63 relevant mismatch elements.

At the outputs of all the error elements 55 there are logical "1", except for element 55, at the inverse input 62 of which there is a logical "0", and at the direct input 63 there is a logical "1". At the output of this error element 55, there is a zero potential arriving at the corresponding output 31 of the analogue scale 30. From output 31 it goes to the first outputs 33 of the cells 15 of the corresponding row.

The first LED 37 of that cell 15 is energized, at the output 32 of which the logical "1" is present, and at the output 33 - the logical "0". The optical signal from the first LED 37 of this cell 15 is fed to the first photo thyristor 44, which enters a conducting state by creating a potential difference across its electrodes. Through it flows a current from the power supply bus 53 and through the indicator LED 43, which emits light.

Thus, the indication cell 15, which is at the intersection of the signals of the cell 14 of the counter 13 and the output 31 of the analogue scale, i.e. in the excited state, will be in the excited state, after the first counting pulse, there will be the corresponding cell 15 of the first column.

With the arrival of the second pulse at the counting 'input 2 of the counting trigger 1, the trigger 1 goes into the zero state, and the second cell 14.2 of the counter 13 is excited due to the presence of a logical "1" at its electrical output and due to the presence of an optical signal at its optical input . The first cell 14.1 of the counter 13 is reset to zero due to the presence of a logical "0" on its electrical output. At the seventh outputs of the 32 cells 15.1.1, ..., 15.1.M of the first column, a logical "0" appears, the excited cell 15 in which is reset, as the power supply circuit of the first LED 37 (Fig. 2) of the corresponding cell 15 is broken. Not reset it is only in the case when the analog signal on bus 34 remains unchanged.

At the same time, the corresponding indication cell 15 of the second column is excited at the intersection of the signals of the second cell 14.2 of the counter 13 and the outputs 31 of the analogue scale 30.

If, with the arrival of the second pulse, an analog signal is present on the input bus 34, equal to

5/7 then <С and in <67. ' pore

He will only have 15.2.5 cells in the excited state, since a logical “0” is present at the fifth output 31.5 of the analogue scale 30.

If, with the arrival of the third pulse, another signal is present on the second bus 34, for example,

3/7 pores <7 / in <4/7 pores

then the cell will be in the excited state. 15.3.3. If, with the arrival of the third pulse, the analog signal remains the same (5 // then </ 7in <6 / 7po _P ), then the cells 15.2.5 and 15.3.5 will be in the excited state.

If, with the arrival of the fourth counting pulse, the analog signal changed and became equal to

7 and then 8i.or

then only cell 15.4.7 will be in the excited state.

Thus, when the analog signal changes with each clock cycle, a luminous spot will move, the trajectory of which describes a graph of the change in amplitude of the input voltage over time, and, since the counter 13 is circular, when the luminous spot is operating across the entire field, it begins its cycle first .

If the input analog signal has not changed throughout the whole frame, the module displays the luminous band, since a logical “0” remains on the cathodes of the first photo thyristors 44 (Fig. 2) of these cells, which creates a voltage drop on their electrodes.

The element 55 of the error (Fig. 4) consists of an inverter 64 and the element AND — NOT 65, which perform the function:

| ULg,

where X and Xg are the signals on the inverse and direct inputs 62, 63, respectively;

ζ) is the signal at the output of the AND – HE 65 element.

Resistors 51, 52, 54, 58, 60 and 61 are designed to set the operating currents in the respective circuits.

Temporary diaphragms explaining the operation of the device are shown in FIG. 5 where

a - diagrams for digital mode;

b - for analog mode; In digital

mode on the diagram marked: In _x -

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AND

input pulses; b) - pulses on the direct output of the trigger 1 and on the electrical input of the cell 15 (for example, 20); O - pulses at the inverse output of the trigger 1 and at the electrical input 21 of the cell 15; 43 - optical signal from the indicator LED 43; 38 - optical signal from the LED 38; 29 - optical signal at input 29.

In analog mode, the diagram shows: 14 | —144 - signals at the electrical outputs of the corresponding cells of the counter 13; 311–31h are the signals at the corresponding outputs of the analogue scale 30;

15 _r1, 15z |, 15z2, 15zz - optical signal on indicator light-emitting diodes 43 of the respective cells.

Claims (3)

Claim I. An optoelectronic module containing ΝχΜ indicator cells, a counting trigger with a counting input and an initial setup input, a switch containing five stationary and one switching contact, two amplifiers, an optoelectronic pulse counter containing (V cells in which the optical outputs of each previous cell are sequentially associated with the optical input of each subsequent cell, each indicator cell equipped with an optical external input, except for the first and last column and row, is optically connected with the subsequent and the previous cells in the row and column, the indicator cells of the first column are optically connected with the cells of the last column, and the cells of the first row are optically connected with the cells of the last row, the output of each odd cell of the optoelectronic counter is connected to the output of the second amplifier, whose input is connected to the direct output of the counting trigger, and each even cell with the output of the first amplifier, whose input is connected to the inverse output of the trigger, the output of the second amplifier is connected to the switch contact of the switch, the first the contact of which is connected to the second input of each cell of the module, the second contact to the third input of each module cell, the third contact to the fourth input of each module cell and the fourth contact to the fifth input of each module cell, the output of the first amplifier is connected to the sixth inputs of each module cell The first, second, third and fourth optical outputs of each indicator cell, except for the first and last columns and rows, respectively, are optically connected to the first, second, third and fourth optical inputs of the subsequent and previous ones. yduschih cells in row and column, and the first optical output and a second optical input cells of the first column is optically connected to the first the optical input and the second optical output of the cells of the last column, and the third optical output and the fourth input of the first row cells are optically connected to the third optical input and the fourth optical output of the last row cells, characterized in that, in order to reduce power consumption in analog mode, to achieve uniformity the structure of the digital and analog parts of the module, to improve accuracy with simplification, the start input and analog scale are entered, each output of which is connected to the seventh outputs of the indicator cells of the module I have the corresponding row, and the electrical outputs of the cells of the optoelectronic pulse counter are connected to the first outputs of the indicator cells of the module of the corresponding column, the analog input of the module is connected to the input of the analog scale, and the optical output of the last cell of the optoelectronic pulse counter is optically connected to the optical input of the first cell whose auxiliary input is connected to the launch input. 2. Optoelectronic module by π. 1, characterized in that each cell contains six LEDs and seven photo thyristors, the anode of the first LED through the first resistor is connected to the seventh output of the cell, and the cathode to the first output and to the cathode of the first photo thyristor, the anode of which is connected through the second resistor to the indicating cathode the LED, the anode of which is connected to the power bus, the cathodes of the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth photothyristors are connected respectively to the fourth, third, second, fifth and sixth electrical outputs, second, third, fourth The third, fifth, and seventh photothyristors are optically connected to the third, first, second, fourth, and external optical inputs of the cell, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, LEDs are optically connected to the first, second, third, and fourth optical outputs of the cell, the cathodes of the fourth and seventh photothyristors are combined, and the combined anodes of the second, third, fourth, fifth and seventh photothyristors are connected to the cathode of the second LED, the anode of which through the third resistor is connected to the cathode of the indicator LED and the third LED, the cathode of which is connected to the anode of the fourth LED, whose cathode is connected to the anode of the fifth LED, whose cathode is connected to the anode of the sixth LED, whose cathode is connected to the sixth photo thyristor anode, optically connected to the second LED, and the first LED is optically connected to the first photo thyristor. 1487181 1487181 Fig.Η β * Π Π ΓΊ Π ΓΊ „Π_ d -TP_ί ~~ 1__ΓΣΣ_ 45 1- ... -ΤΊ__ 5D_GP_ΓΣΣΣΙ_ΕΣΣΣΊ_ΓΣΣ_ 29_1— .......... ..... □ _: _ / ώ / 4 ^ / 4 g "4— 3 /, L 3 / ^ 31, 'V % Ι5 ₃₂ "* Γ 3 = ± Fi 5