SU1482574A1 - Reaping unit of combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery. The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and simplify the design. The harvester part of the agricultural combine contains header 1, which is supported by the soil on the ground. The harvester is mounted on the inclined chamber 4 by means of pneumatic-hydraulic springs, the hydraulic cylinders of which by the lower hinges 8.9 directly fasten to the inclined chamber 4. The upper hinges 10,11 of the hydraulic cylinders fastening to the header 1 are mounted for movement in space. Each cutting height corresponds to its optimal position of the pneumatic-hydraulic springs, at which the support reactions on the shoes in the entire range of longitudinal-transverse copying will not exceed the permissible limits. The high damping properties of the pneumohydraulic springs ensure high copy quality at higher speeds of movement of the combine. 7 il.

Description

figure 1

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the design of a combine for agricultural crops.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and simplify the design.

FIG. 1 shows the harvesting part of the combine, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, rear view; in fig. 3 shows the node I in FIG. one; in fig. 4 is a graph of the characteristics of the left tO spring; in fig. 5 - the same, the right spring; in fig. 6 is a graph of the dependence „,

support reactions on the left support shoe of the header; in fig. 7 - the same, on the right support shoe of the header. ,,

The harvester part of the agricultural combine contains the header 1, resting on the soil by means of the shoes 2 and 3. The header 1 is mounted on the inclined chamber 4 by means of a hanging and balancing mechanism, which ensures that the pressure of the shoes 2 and 3 is on the ground during the movement combine and combined longitudinal-transverse relief of the floor. It consists of a universal joint 5 and two 25 pneumatic-hydraulic springs mounted on each side of the inclined chamber, including hydraulic cylinders 6 of a plunger type, to which pneumatic accumulators 7 are connected to the working planes 7. The lower hinges 8 and 9 hydraulic cylinders directly 30 are attached to the inclined chamber 4. The upper hinges 10, 11 of the attachment of the hydraulic cylinders 6 to the header 1 are mounted for movement in space.

The movement mechanism is made in the following manner.

The hinges for fastening the hydraulic cylinders b to the header 1 (or to the inclined chamber 4) are connected to the latter by means of a translation pair 12 equipped with a clamp 40 13, and a universal joint 14 with a clamp 15. The hinge 14 is mounted on the header 1 (or on the inclined chamber 4). The adjustment of the lower 8, 9, and upper 10, 11 hinges is similar. Perhaps .- and different from the proposed constructive implementation of the above mechanism.

Fastening the hinges 8, 9 and 10, 11 with the possibility of adjusting their location ensures optimal orientation of the springs (which is different for different values of the cutting height), at which the support reactions on the shoes 2 and 3 remain constant in the process of longitudinal-transverse copying the field relief, while the spring characteristic is non-linear. This condition is satisfied by pneumohydraulic springs. In addition, such springs can improve the quality of copying due to more

high damping properties, i.e. increase the permissible limit of the working speeds of the combine and increase productivity.

The optimum position of the springs is found by the method of successive approximations. In the first approximation, the position of the springs is arbitrary. We have a moment balance equation for forces acting on header 1 around universal joint 5, i.e. 2М 0. For the current positions of the header (from the range of longitudinal-transverse copying), taking into account the known data on the geometrical parameters of the header 1 and the distribution of the masses of its components, it finds the force values of the right and left springs (P and P and FAEb) provided that the given reference reactions on shoes 2 and 3: Nnp MLEH const. FIG. Figures 4 and 5 show graphs of the dependences of the obtained values of the forces as a function of D - the distance between the upper 10 and lower 8 (or 11 and 9) hinges of the spring attachment. Since springs with constant stable characteristics are used, the resulting half points on the graphs are approximated by a and b curves, for example, by the least squares method. The criterion for the reliability of the chosen characteristics of the springs and the optimality of their chosen position in space is the inverse recalculation of the moment balance of the acting forces by the mentioned equation. Only in this case the spring forces are considered known and are taken from curves a and b and the support reactions N NAEB are determined, the values of which are shown in the graphs in FIG. 6 and 7. If the points do not go beyond the tolerance established by the agrotechnical requirements for the support reactions relative to the nominal value NHOH, the chosen spring position is optimal. When the points go beyond the limits of at least one spring, a second approximation is made. For this, the position of the springs is changed from the original one and the procedure described is repeated.

The proposed device works as follows.

Install by rearranging the shoes 2 and 3, the specified height of the cut plants of the combine harvester. Each cutting height corresponds to its optimal position of the pneumohydraulic springs, at which the support reactions on the shoes 2 and 3 in the entire range of longitudinal-transverse copying will not exceed the permissible limits. In the process of preparing the combine for operation under the specified conditions, the combiner changes the position of the springs, setting them in position by means of the mechanism for moving the hinges of the mount 8-11. However, depending on the type of header and the weight distribution of the working bodies installed on it, only the upper hinges (10 and 11) or only the lower hinges (8 and 9), or both can be adjusted. To adjust the hinges, they relieve pressure in the hydraulic cylinders b, for which a hydraulic system (not shown) is provided. Then release the clips 13 and 15 of the translational pair 12 and universal joint 5, respectively. After installing the hinges (8, 9 or 10, 11, or both), the clips 13 and 15 are tightened into the desired position. Then, in the pneumatic springs, they again create the necessary pressure corresponding to the required characteristics. After that, the header operates in the mode of passive longitudinal-transverse copying.

0

five

under the conditions of constant reactions on support shoes.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The harvester part of an agricultural combine, containing an inclined chamber and a reaper, hinged on an inclined chamber by means of a hinge and balancing mechanism, has springs attached at the ends of the inclined chamber, characterized in that, in order to increase, the manufacturer builds and simplifies the design. , the springs are made pneumatically-hydraulic, and the hinges of the spring attachment to the header or to the inclined chamber or to the header and to the inclined chamber are mounted on the header and inclined chamber by means of mechanisms of change in their position. H w f mg rSW l} / w / fr 2 „,„ „„, sss ssr s / s (fWf fig.z h№6. Ft a FIG. h Mle8. Nnp Mcop In /////// 6 5 Hqh FIG. 7