SU1442508A1 - Equipment for biological treatment of waste water containing carbon- and nitrogen-bearing substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to wastewater treatment by the methods of aerobic activation and nitrification, as well as anaerobic deniton Aikai and activated sludge. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the cleaning process and improve the operational characteristics of the equipment. In the equipment for biological treatment of wastewater containing carbonaceous and nitrogenous substances, the denitrification device 6 is connected to the source water pipeline 17 and is provided in a vertical cylindrical case 1. In this case, there is a separation chamber for fluid filtration, which is connected to the denitrification device 6 through a branch pipe 13 active sludge. With the device 6 denitrification is connected to the device 5 activation, made in the following cylindrical housing 111, having elements 28 of aeration. 4 hp f-ly, 5 ill. (Oh (L

Description

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The invention relates to the biological treatment of wastewater containing carbonaceous and nitrogenous substances by the methods of aerobic activation and nitrification and anaerobic denitrification with activated sludge and can be used for complex purification of household fecal waters when they are released into reservoirs or for treating waste waters with a high content. ammonia l organically bound nitrogen, for example, manure from farm animals.

The processes of elimination of nitrogenous substances from wastewater simultaneously with carbonaceous ones in water treatment technology are known and applied. The most widely used technology is the single active method, alternately exposed to aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

In these complex methods of water purification, the enzymatic processes of the oxidation of organic substances and the oxidation of ammonia to nitrates occur in the aerobic activating process, and the reduction of nitrates in the presence of organic carbonaceous substances in the aerobic part of the process

as sources of hydrogen, into gaseous nitrogen. Conditions are also known for the effective course of nitrification and denitrification processes (temperature in the range from 13 to 35 ° Cs is an appropriate pH and sufficient age of sludge, providing the necessary concentration of nitrification and denitrification microorganisms in activated sludge),

In wastewater treatment with simultaneous removal of nitrogenous substances, classical equipment is used in which the processes of aerobic activation and anaerobic denitrification occur in separate tanks separated from one another, and the separation of the activated sludge is carried out by sedimentation in a separate tank from which - activated (returnable) activated sludge is pumped back to the primary treatment during the water treatment process.

There are various designs for combining cleaning devices, sometimes with the addition of reagents. The most suitable design is the accepted connection of two treatment buildings placed one after the other, in the first

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from which denitrification is carried out, and the second activation, where the raw water enters the denitrification zone, the water from the activation zone I is recirculated to the denitrification zone, activated sludge separated by sedimentation is also pumped to the denitrification zone. The design is simple and does not require the addition of reagents and nutrients (Copyright Certificate Czechoslovakia No. 210385, Cl. C 02 F 3/12, 1981).

Equipment is known in which active sludge separation is applied for cleaning using fluid filtration with automatic return of activated sludge back to the process. This equipment uses anaerobic denitrification with the supply of raw water and aerobic activation with recycling of purified water from the activation zone to the denitrification zone. Taking into account that in this process, the water from which activated sludge is released is brought to the separation zone from the zone of erobic activation, the separation chamber is placed above the aerobic activation chamber, the separated active sludge is returned back to aerobic treatment, it enters the denitrification zone using recycling (USSR Author's Certificate No. 981250, class C 02 F 3/02, 19.06.81).

However, all types of known equipment need denitrification. mixing space to keep the activated sludge in suspension. In addition, they have relatively low specific productivity and depend on climatic conditions. Due to the relatively low separation efficiency using sedimentation, these sludge concentrations in these types of equipment do not reach too high. Due to the fact that the processes of nitrification and denitrification significantly depend on the age of the sludge, when the equipment reaches a sufficient value of this parameter, it must have large specific volumes, which means low specific productivity, the large volumes of equipment negatively affect both its high price and its intensive heat exchange with the environment, which is due to the dependence of the processes of nitrification /

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denitrification of temperature is very unfavorable, especially in the winter time.

Equipment in which active sludge separation is carried out using fluid filtration, although the concentration of active sludge in equipment is high, but the concentration in denitrification is lower than in aerobic activation, because activated sludge enters denitrification by recirculation from the zone of aerobic activation. A disadvantage of this equipment is the problems associated with the elimination of foam that appears on the surface of the aerobic activation zone, especially when purifying concentrated wastewater due to the fact that the free surface in the aerobic activation zone is significantly reduced due to the separation placed above. this zone of activation.

The purpose of the invention is to create

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Devices 6 (Fig. 1) of anaerobic denitrification are made in a vertical cylindrical body 1 and are disposed adjacent to a vertical cylindrical one; a housing 111 with a vertical cover 44 and a bottom 100, which is an aerobic treatment device 5 With a free surface 116. In the upper part of the housing 1, the inclined separation wall 2 (conical) forms a separation chamber 3 for fluid filtration. At the bottom of the chamber there is a sludge branch pipe 13 for removal of the separated sludge with a gate 46..

The anaerobic denitrification device 6 at the bottom is bounded by a conical downwardly tapered bottom 40, having an outlet 101 in the lower part and an activated sludge removal line 113 connected to a pump 20 serving as a source of circulation in a closed

The equipment that provides a circulating cycle of the sludge mixture intervenes with a significant intensification of the cleaning process, effective destruction of the foam formed in the aerobic activation space, and is reliable even at low temperatures, just from a production and operational point of view and can easily adapt to different or changing conditions.

A device for anaerobic treatment is connected to the TSR by the source water supply pipeline, the separation chamber is connected to the purified water outlet pipeline and is provided with a central pipe located along the vertical axis connected to the source water and recovered sludge pipelines.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the equipment located in two independent enclosures placed side by side, a vertical axial section; in fig.

2- equipment with two adjacent housings and a central tube; vertical section-away; FIG.

3- monoblock equipment, in which both bodies are located coaxially, a vertical axial section; figure 4 - monoblock compact equipment,

vertical axial slit; figure 5 - monoblock equipment with an elongated central tube, a vertical section.

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do anaerobic denitrification space and aerobic activation space.

Pressure pipe 23 of the pump 20

0 scrap 24 is adjacent to the anti-foam space 25 in the upper part of the cylindrical body 111 above the free surface 116 in the aerobic activation space. In the bottom 100 of the housing 111, there is an outlet 102 and a pneumatic aeration system consisting of a known blower, an air distributor 60 and aeration elements 28.

At the free surface 116 of the device 5 of aerobic treatment noMiscally, the control differential 54, from which the pipeline 115 of the sludge mixture 115 to the central pipe

5, ku 8, separation chamber 3. The regulation bypass 114 is tangentially derived under the inclined separation wall 2 into the anaerobic denitrification device 6, the pipeline 56 of excess

Q-activated sludge is out of the equipment.

The tube 8 in the separation chamber ends above its lower part, with the lower edge 11 of the tube 8 and the separation wall 2 creating an entrance 1233 to the separation space. The vapor cone 9 is connected to the tube 8 by means of deaeration holes 10. At the level of the chamber surface 30

separation is placed a collection chute 29, equipped with a pipeline 31 of purified water. The upper part of the anaerobic denitrification device 6 is provided with gas outlet pipes 34.

The equipment works as follows.

The raw water flows through the source water pipeline 17, which regulates 10 parried activated sludge, and returns the differential 54 to the anaerobic device 6 through the nozzle 13 of the chamber 3. Denitrification with the regulatory bypass 114.

The valve 46 prevents the gases 3 from entering the separation space of the chamber 3 from the rectifying space of device 6 and at the same time facilitates uniform mixing of the returned activated sludge into the sludge mixture in this space. Ilova mixture is selected from the bottom

The sludge mixture circulates in a closed circulation circle in which the anaerobic denitrification device 6 and the aerobic treatment device 5 are located. In this case, the ammonia contained in the waste water is oxidized.

water, and the reduction of nitrites and tmr-20 of the conically tapering part of the devices to gaseous nitrogen by the enzymatic activity of microorganisms of activated sludge, and thereby the elimination of nitrogenous substances from polluted water.

The activated sludge pipeline 115 from the aerobic treatment zone is connected to the regulating differential 54 through the opening 119 and is connected to the separation chamber through the pipeline 8, and the active SP detained during fluid filtration in the separation chamber 3 automatically gravitationally returns to the denitrification zone through the nozzle 13, and thus into a closed circulating circle. Since the efficiency of denitrification depends on the intensity of circulation in a closed circulation circle, the circulation intensity is 10 times greater than the amount of flowing raw water. This increased circulation passes outside the tube 8 in the separation chamber 3, but using the regulation bypass 114 in order to eliminate the adverse effects that would have shown an increased intensity of the flow through the tube 8 on the fluid filtration.

Dp of inflow to separation is approximately double the amount of inflow in the source water equipment, which ensures the optimal separation function in the fluid filter. To separate the sludge mixture flowing out of the aerobic treatment device through terminal 119, there is a regulating differential 54, which, besides the separation of the activating mixture in the tube 8 of the separation chamber 3

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and in the regulation bypass 114, provides for the removal of excess activated sludge.

The tangentially attached regulatory bypass 114 creates in the anaerobic space of denitrification of the device 8 a downward rotational flow into which the separated activated sludge is mixed, returning through the nozzle 13 of the chamber 3.

The valve 46 prevents gases from entering the separation space of chamber 3 from the denitrification space of device 6 and at the same time facilitates uniform mixing of the returned activated sludge into the sludge mixture in this space. The silt mix is selected from the bottom

6 through the activated sludge pipeline 113. Recycling active i-ma in equipment is used simultaneously to destroy foam that occurs in wastewater with a high concentration of surfactants when aerated using a pneumatic aeration system, namely by spraying in antifoam

the space 25 created above the free surface 116. The required pressure for spraying the foam gives the pump 20, the nozzle 24 is used for spraying.

Purified water, free from both nitrogenous and carbonaceous substances, after separation of the activated sludge in the fluid filter is collected by collecting channels 29 from the surface 30

and the drain is discharged outside the equipment, the allocated gases released from the denitrification space of the device 6 with a vapor-drain; by tubes 34, -and gases impressed on bottom 11

the tubes 8 are concentrated in the vapor cone 9 and through the deaeration apertures 10 are discharged through the tube 8 to the atmosphere. The device 6 is emptied through the outlet 101, and the device 5 through the aperture 102 in the device 5, pneumatically, using known aeration elements 28 connected

Air 1 "distributor 60 with a source of compressed air.

 The equipment is intended for the treatment of highly contaminated waste water with a high content of coal 14A25088

native, nitrogenous, and surface-digging elements 28, micro-active substances, for example, the dung sludge we destroy organic organisms of farm animals. . The carbon compounds (waste - 1 Technical solution of the waste water apparatus) and the oxidation of ammonium water purification can be used for nitrates.

while preserving the basic elements, Exit 119 removes the sludge mixture from decorated and differently. This equip- ment device 5 for regulating differential pressure (Fig. 2) consists of two buildings 54 in which its flow is separated 1 and 111, mainly vertical Re parts: into outlet 115, connected and cylindrical. In case 1, it is located in its compartment 8, chamber 3, then in the upper part there is a chamber 3 separator bypass 114 and in pipelines for fluid filtration from the pipe 56 of excess activated sludge. wire 31. Chamber 3 is separated from the zone. Through a tube 8 of the silt, the mixture enters the denitrification of an inclined separation — the separation chamber 11, where in the ascending conical wall 2. The tube 8 during the suspended layer is active; water from 3 creates an annular space of inter-active sludge. The purified water is collected by the lower external part of the inclined one by means of the collecting chute 29 of the dividing wall 2 and the opposite 20 by the pipeline 31 is discharged behind the previously positioned dividing wall of the equipment, t21, in the upper part of which the held particles of the active hole 19, connected to the pipe joint mutually coagulate by the gravitational duct 115 of the activated sludge. The lower part of the separating edge of the separating wall 121 falls into the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the device and the lower part of the device G is connected to the lower part of the sludge outlet, which touches the lower part of the device G. part of device 6. using recycle bypass

The device 114 is connected to the latter by introducing a sludge mixture from the device 5j made in another housing 111 30 of the equipment 5 together with raw (cylindrical) water, which is placed flowing through the pipeline 17 in the regulation with the cylindrical housing 1. Otlichny differential 54. In the device, the water of the sludge mixture has a pump 20, anaerobic treatment is aerobic directly into the conditions under which denitrification 5. The latter is supplied with the gation bacteria g Dionic bacteria 28, which are attached to to natural sludge , Reduce nitrates, source of compressed air, and the terminal device 5 arising in gaseous 119 associated with the various regulatory transferred nitrogen, which opens into attractor pad 54 having three differential, per- mosferu through deaeration. Then, the silt of which is connected to the tube 8 40 from the bottom of the device 6 in the chamber 3, the second — from the recirculation — enters the device 5, the bypass 114 that ends in the zone. When the equipment is mono-denitrifying the device 6, and A block (Fig. 3) cylindrical drop is pushed into the pipeline 111, representing the device 56 of excess activated sludge. In the re-45 aerobic treatment of the ring form, the circulation bypass is also brought out by a pipe with a free surface 116, a circuit 17 of raw water. Vertical cylindrical equipment is particularly advantageous for heavily loaded housing 1, which represents a device for wastewater, such as zootechnical anaerobic denitrification and a chamber for: liquid waste. 50 - separation. In addition, changes

The equipment works as follows in the mutual design of both devices (Fig. 3) and contains some

Wastewater containing other changes in mutual carbon and nitrogenous substances is treated and hydraulically treated in the following way: cleaning 55 the anaerobic space of denitrification carbonaceous substances with simultaneous device 6.

the oxidation of ammonia occurs in the device; Output 119 of the activation space of the rocket 5. Here, in the presence of acid, this type of equipment creates a people supplied to the sludge mixture of the pump tube 21 with feed

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air placed in the space of the device 5, which also houses the pneumatic aeration system consisting of air distributor 60 and aeration elements 28.

Vygod 119, i.e. the pressure tube, the pump 21 is introduced into the control differential 54, in which the flow of the sludge mixture is divided into three parts. One part of the sludge mixture through the pipeline 115 flows into the tube 8, and from there through the inlet 12, which forms the bottom edge 11 of the tube 8 and the opposite part of the inclined dividing wall 2,. flows into chamber 3. The second part of the sludge mixture goes through the regulation bypass 114, connected to raw water pipe 17, to pipe 13,

Sa through it and in the lower part of the device - 5. device 6 of denitrification. The value of the flow area

high 101, and device 5 - com com 102.

The equipment of FIG. 3 operates in a manner similar to that of FIG. 1. The source water through line 17 is supplied to the regulation bypass 114, which is discharged into the pipe 13 through which the activated sludge, separated by fluid filtration in chamber 3, is rotated into the active cleaning process. The nozzle 13 is injected into the distribution compartment 15, where its tangential release 18 causes the required suspension movement of the suspension. The passage 16 of the silt mixture enters the device 6 and flows in the upward direction, and passes 49 in the vertical cylindrical housing 1 passes

Dp of removal of the third part of the sludge mixture from the regulating differential 54 is the pipeline 56 of excess activated sludge. .

With a pipe 13 in its lower part, an extension 14 is connected, which with the opposite conical bottom 40 creates a separating compartment 15, into which the nozzle 13 is tangential higher 18. The separating compartment 15 is connected via passage 16 to a denitrification device 6. Removal of the sludge mixture from the anaerobic denitrification device 6 is carried out through the passages 49 in the upper part of the housing 1, which this space in its upper part is connected to the adjacent device 5, the flow of the sludge mixture into the device 6 of the deprohod 16 is 2-2.5% of the area flow section of the denitrification device 6, which guarantees optimal

25 conditions for the perfect fluidization of the activated sludge, and this is also favorable conditions for the processes of denitrification. In case of intensive circulation, it is possible to achieve approximately multiple 30 times the flow of raw water into the equipment.

The circulation between the dinitrification device 6 and the device 5 is both baked by a pump 21 which is

"(. Chives the sludge mixture into a control differential 54, serving to divide the sludge mixture into three parts: the part supplied to chamber 3, from where after the separation of the active sludge fluid

40 by filtration, purified water is selected with a collecting channel 29 and is discharged

nitrification has a direction from bottom to top ..

pipeline 31 to the part creating the regulatory bypass 114; to the part that releases the excess active; Separation chamber 3 is equipped with gas or gas pipeline 56 from the cleaning i branch cone 9. To de-aerate the gas equipment, the exhaust cone 9 serve as venting holes 10 in the tube 8 in chamber 3. At the chamber surface 30 3, there is a collection chute 29 for pipelines. For this purpose, the control drop 54 is equipped with three drops from which the sludge flow 115 is diverted, the control% bypass 114 and the pipeline 56, of surplus sludge, Unlike the equipment shown in FIG. 1, this equipment does not use circulating water 31. The cylindrical body 1 is provided with a clamp 26, which is bolted. For this purpose, the control differential 54 is equipped with three differences, from which the 115 sludge gQ b is regulated, the% bypass 114 and the pipeline 56 are diverted, activated sludge, Unlike the equipment shown in FIG. 1, this equipment does not use a circulating chamber 3. The cylindrical body 111 above the free surface 116 of the device 5 and above the cracker 26 creates a gg mixture to destroy the foam with a defoaming space 25 with a spray power. For this purpose, the foam surface 118, in which mechanical foam deflectors 117 are housed, are mechanical deflectors 117. under the action of which, just like under the action of, Denitrification is equipped with a gravitational force on the foam,

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20 device 5. The size of the flow area

higher 101, and device 5 - high 102.

The equipment of FIG. 3 operates in a manner similar to that of FIG. 1. The source water through conduit 17 is supplied to the regulation bypass 114, which is discharged into nozzle 13, through which activated sludge separated by fluid filtration in chamber 3 is returned to the active cleaning process. The nozzle 13 enters the distribution compartment 15, where its tangential release 18 causes the required rotational movement of the suspension. Through the passage 16, the sludge mixture enters the device 6 and flows in the upward direction, and by the passageways 49 in the vertical cylindrical body 1 it passes into

passage 16 is 2-2.5% of the flow area of the denitrification device 6, which ensures optimal

conditions for the perfect fluidization of activated sludge, and these are favorable conditions for denitrification processes. In case of intensive circulation, an approximately repeated inflow of raw water into the equipment can be achieved.

Circulation between the dinitrification device 6 and the device 5 is provided by a pump 21, which pumps the sludge mixture into a control differential 54, serving to divide the sludge mixture into three parts: into the part fed into chamber 3, from which after the separation of the active sludge fluid

by filtration, the purified water is selected by the collecting chute 29 and is discharged

pipeline 31 to the part creating the regulatory bypass 114; to the part that releases the excess activated sludge through line 56 from the purification - equipment,

For this purpose, the control differential 54 is equipped with three differences, from which a sludge 115 gQu si are withdrawn, a regular% bypass 114 and a pipeline 56, of surplus activated sludge. In contrast to the equipment shown in FIG. 1, this equipment does not use a circulating fluid ggwa mixture to destroy the foam by spraying. For this purpose, mechanical foam-destroying 117,. Under the action of which, as under the action of gravitational forces on the foam,

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the surface 118 of the foam is maintained at an appropriate level.

The equipment depicted in FIG. 3, is intended for the treatment of wastewaters with a high content of carbonaceous, nitrogenous and surfactants, due to its monoblock design it is particularly advantageous for use in colder areas and in cases where mechanical defoamers are sufficient to eliminate the foam. without the need for spraying.

In the equipment version (Fig. 4), the cylindrical housing 111 of the device 5 covers the vertical cylindrical housing 1, devices 6 and separation chambers 3, the chambers 3 occupying the entire area of the housing 111, therefore, the inclined separation wall 2 in the horizontal projection exceeds the denitrification space and closes the activation space. As a source of circulation, the pump 21 is again used, for example, with an air drive 52, on a pressure tube of which creates a terminal 119, there is a control differential 54, from which a drain of the sludge mixture 115 leaves the aerobic space of the device 5, inserted into the tube 8, and thus (Separation chamber 3. To the control differential 54 an excess active sludge pipeline 56 is connected. The inlet 12 into the chamber 3 forms the lower edge 11 of the tube 8

and the opposite part of the inclined opening 40, and the size

a dividing wall 2, bounding the bottom of the chamber 3. In the chamber 3 is placed the vapor cone 9 connected to the tube 8 by means of the vapor holes 10.

The surface 30 has a collecting chute 29, which is equipped with a drain pipe 31. The lower part of the conical separation chamber 3 is connected to the anaerobic space of denitrification of the device 6 by means of a nozzle 13 of separated active sludge. There is raw water at the nozzle 13, and there is a valve 46 at its end .

Removal of the sludge mixture from the anaerobic space of the denitrification device is created both by the lower passages 50 in the housing 1 at the bottom 40 and by the passages 49 in the upper part, and

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the flow of sludge mixture through the anaerobic space of denitrification is directed from top to bottom under the end of the nozzle

13 separated silt and from the bottom up - above the end of the nozzle 13.

The aerobic space of the device 5 with the atmosphere is associated with a deaeration system 57. For dehydration

All equipment is provided with a drain hole 102.

Compared to the equipment shown in FIG. 4, works without recycling bypass

114. Pump 21, i.e. the source of circulation of the liquid pumps only the amount necessary for its introduction into the separation chamber 3, which is twice the total inflow

in the apparatus and sufficient for removal of the separated active sludge. In such a case, the circulation rate is one. This is not enough to preserve the activated sludge in the anaerobic denitrification space under perfect fluidization conditions, and therefore the flow direction is selected from top to bottom (Fig. 1). Since there is no recycling

bypass 114, which in the equipment (Fig. 1) is inserted into the upper part of the aerobic device 5, a part of the anaerobic denitrification space above the nozzle 13 is not used, but

therefore, the removal of 113 sludge mixture from the anaerobic space of the denitrification device is designed both at the bottom - by the lower aisles 50, and at the top - by the aisles 49. Both aisles have a for50

The flow separates the flow and directs it up and down in the ratio of the volume -aerobic space of the denitrification device under and above the stem 13. The chamber 3 overlaps the entire cross section of the housing 111, the air introduced by the aeration system is provided by the deaeration system 57.

The equipment is designed to treat wastewater contaminated with weaker concentrations of carbonaceous and nitrogenous substances with a small amount of surfactants that do not have a tendency to form foam, for example, domestic fecal water from the wastewater industry, meat industry, etc. .

In the equipment (Fig. 5) in which the denitrification device 6 is located, and above it there is a separation chamber 3, the devices -5 are designed so that the casing of the device 6 of denitrification is placed in the casing of the device 5. The arrangement of both buildings is coaxial, and the inclined separation the wall 2 separating the separation chamber 3 exceeds the space of the denitrification device and overlaps the space of the device 5

The tube 8 is formed by a space between the lower outer part of the inclined dividing wall 2 and the oppositely placed dividing wall 121, in the upper part of which holes are formed. A nozzle 13 is connected to the lower edge of the dividing wall 121. The denitrification device 6 is connected to the device 5 by draining a 113 sludge mixture, placed under a conical bottom 40, having holes 123. The drain of the 113 sludge mixture ends in the device 5 by a pump 122. In its In the upper part, the denitrification device 6 is connected to the device 5 by means of recirculation of a single bypass 114, into which the source water pipeline 17 is introduced. In the upper part of the denitrification space, in the housing 1 there are vent ports 120.

The device 5 is provided with aeration elements 28 connected by an air supply device 60 to a source of compressed air. In the upper part of the device 5, closed at the top by a dividing wall 2, there is a deaeration system 57. In the separation chamber 3, the vapor-cone 9 and the collecting chute 29 are placed, from which the purified water pipeline 31 is withdrawn.

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Equipment (Fig. 5) works as follows.

By pipeline 17, the original wastewater is brought into recirculation bypass 114, which connects (device 5 to denitrification device 6. Recirculation bypass is tangentially brought to the upper

denitrification devices 6, due to gg of units circulating in tens, as a result of incoming recycling To eliminate active sludge and a cleaning mixture with source water of present water, filtration is used in denitrification device 6 in a fluid filter in chamber 3 - in rotation. Ilov mixture, I enter - the radio. Ilova mixture enters KAMA

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Condensation in the denitrification device contains nitrates that have arisen during the process of aerobic active cleaning in the aerobic treatment device in parallel with the biodegradation of organic substances. In the presence of organic substances of the input raw wastewater, as well as sources of hydrogen, in the denitrification device 6, nitrates are reduced to gaseous nitrogen. This process occurs when the helical movement of the sludge mixture in the device 6 of denitri5 is applied. The resulting gaseous nitrogen through the vent holes 120 enters the device 5 and from there through the system 57 deaeration into the atmosphere.

The selection of the sludge mixture from the denitrification device comes from its lower part with the help of the outlet 113 transferred to the device 5. A pump 122 is used as a pump. In order to evenly remove the sludge mixture from the device 5 and to prevent the formation of a dead zone tapered bottom 40 with openings 123, under which outlet 113 ends.

In the device 5, in the presence of dissolved oxygen supplied by the aeration system, aerobic activating biodegradation of carbonaceous organic substances occurs with the associated oxidation of ammonia into nitrates, which are reduced to nitrogen gas by means of denitrification processes in denitrification device 6.

0 The effectiveness of nitrate elimination depends on the intensity of the circulation of the sludge mixture between the aerobic treatment device and the denitrifying device. To achieve this circulation, there is a recirculation bypass 114 and a discharge of 113 sludge, which can be adjusted by the amount of air introduced into the pump 122. For water less contaminated with nitrogenous substances, the circulation efficiency between devices 5 and 6 is sufficient. For wastewater higher: concentration of nitrogenous substances requires effective elimination.

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3 through the outlet holes 115 of the tube 8. Near the lower edge of the inclined separation wall 2, the stream of sludge mixture is directed c) top-up and enters the fluid filter, where the active sludge particles are separated from the purified water by filtration. The air particles that are released at the lower edge of the dividing wall 2 are trapped by the vapor cone 9 at the site of the sludge flow turning, the purified water released from the activated sludge is collected by the collecting channel 29 and removed from the equipment by the pipe 31. The activated sludge particles, which are delayed by filtration and coagulated, are deposited in the lower part of chamber 3, from where they enter device 6 through nozzle 13. Due to the high efficiency of the separation of active sludge, high concentration of active sludge is achieved through fluid filtration

sludge in the cleaning process, and thus 25 free-flowing substances simultaneously with

The necessary age of sludge, which is nitrogenous substances, which are important for the course of nitrification and denitrification processes, which are caused by nitrification and denitrification and microorganisms, are much lower than those of microorganisms that cause biodegradation of carbonaceous organic substances. substances. Therefore, if the reproduction of specific nitrification and denitrification microorganisms is to occur, the necessary age of sludge must be ensured. The equipment shown in FIG. 5 is advantageous for less concentrated wastewater with a lower content of carbonaceous contamination.

Compared to conventional equipment types with active sludge separation using sedimentation and forced return of waste material. activated sludge, the proposed equipment achieves improvements

I is of a technological nature. It reaches with a significantly higher concentration: days of activated sludge compared to equipment with suspension separation using sedimentation, that is, because the surface loading of the fluid filter with substances in 2 or even.

 3 times higher than during sedimentation. Achieving a higher concentration of activated sludge with a ratio of both separation processes especially

The active separation sludge returns to the aerobic activation space, and the proposed equipment also achieves a higher concentration of activated sludge by returning it directly to the anaerobic denitrification space.

It is also possible to create

-g a larger anti-foam space above the free surface in the aerobic activation space, with the possibility of its destruction by spraying or mechanically - gravity. This is especially important in wastewater with a strong tendency to form foam with a high content of surfactants, for example, in zootechnical wastewater. By this

45 due to technological advantages, since the effective destruction of the foam in the proposed equipment allows the use of a pneumatic aeration system. The pneumatic system, unlike mechanical surface aeration systems, although not conducive to the destruction of the resulting foam, but rather the creation of foam, does not cool the activating mixture, as is the case with a mechanical aeration system. This helps to maintain optimal conditions for the process of nitrification and denitrification, in which the temperature ak50

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It is important to note the processes of nitrification and denitrification, since the intensity of the process depends on the number of nitrification and denitrification microorganisms in the biocenosis of activated sludge. Due to the fact that cultures destroying carbonaceous substances multiply approximately one order of magnitude slower than cultures of organic organisms biodegrading carbon organic matter, the relative presence of nitrification and denitrification microorganisms depends on the age of the sludge, which depends on the concentration of active sludge in the process. Therefore, the use of fluid filtration to remove nitrogenous substances from water brings a significant intensification of the cleaning process.

In comparison with the known types of equipment, where fluid filtration is used to purify water from gas-containing substances, in which

The active separation sludge returns to the aerobic activation space, and the proposed equipment also achieves a higher concentration of activated sludge by returning it directly to the anaerobic denitrification space.

It is also possible to create

-g a larger anti-foam space above the free surface in the aerobic activation space with the possibility of its destruction by spraying or mechanically - gravity. This is especially important in wastewater with a strong tendency to form foam with a high content of surfactants, for example, in zootechnical wastewater. By this

5 due to technological advantages, since the effective destruction of the foam in the proposed equipment allows the use of a pneumatic aeration system. The pneumatic system, in contrast to the mechanical surface aeration systems, although not conducive to the destruction of the resulting foam, but rather the creation of foam, does not cool the activating mixture, as is the case with the mechanical aeration system. This helps to maintain optimal conditions for the course of nitrification and denitrification processes, in which the temperature is ak

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The mixing mixture should not be lower than 13 ° C, since the cleaning process is already slowed down significantly below, and therefore, in the winter period, the activating mixture must be heated. In the proposed equipment (especially in the equipment in Fig. 2), such a temperature balance can be achieved that even with severe frosts (even to minus), the system does not need to be heated, which creates prerequisites for achieving great savings, easy connection and minimal external shell area, which contributes to the favorable temperature balance of the process. The cylindrical shapes of the settling shells contribute to ease of manufacture and installation.

The proposed equipment is simple and has wide flexibility in relation to the different structure of wastewater with a high intensity of treatment processes. The small size of the equipment and the high cleaning efficiency make it possible to speak of a new type of equipment station for 15,000 heads of pigs with high consumer requirements. The high efficiency parameters that allow coverage of the elimination of nitrogenous substances are also beneficial.

An example is up to 100,000 kcal-Q in a clean-regulated bypass circulation value.

In addition, the design of the proposed equipment is production simple, easily adaptable to different powers and to varying degrees of contamination, with regard to the content of both carbonaceous and nitrogenous and surfactants. Therefore, it is possible, while preserving the basic elements, only by partial changes in the hydraulic design and changing the volume of individual Functional spaces to adapt the equipment to various types of wastewater. This makes it possible to cover a wide range of water purification needs, starting with the purification of household waste water, up to concentrated zootechnical wastewater.

The vertical concept of the design of settling tanks is advantageous for aerobic activation from the point of view of the applied pneumatic aeration system, as well as for anaerobic denitrification, since it makes it possible to achieve such flow in denitrification space, which does not require mechanical mixing. The connection of the separation space with the anaerobic denitrification space, in which there is no intensive circulation flow caused by aeration, significantly simplifies the hydraulic separation system in comparison with the known systems, in which

the return of the separated activating gg, which is such that the sludge drainage mixture is brought into the spout

goat and tangential release. 5. Equipment under item 5; about tl and aerobic activation.

With monoblock performance, these advantages complement

so that it is supplied

schenna water.

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Claims (4)

Invention Formula five 1, Equipment for biological treatment of wastewater containing carbonaceous and nitrogenous substances, 5 including an aerobic treatment device in a vertical cylindrical housing with aerators, a device. anaerobic treatment in a cylindrical upright casing with a reverse cone shaped separatory chamber having a bottom outlet for sludge withdrawal, recycled sludge and settled sludge piping and source water supply, exhaust sludge and treated water piping. Anaerobic treatment is connected to the source water supply pipeline; the separation chamber is connected to the purified water removal pipeline and is equipped with a central tube located along a vertical axis; injected with source water and regenerated piping 5 silt. 2, the equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation chamber is equipped with a vertical discharge nozzle. 3 "Equipment in accordance with claim 2 of tl, which is such that the sludge branch pipe is extended to the bottom of the anaerobic treatment device. 4. Equipment pop. 3, OTLI0 0 so that it is supplied 19144250820 but recirculated bypass and regulating feedwater supply lines with a dipping differential connected to recirculated sludge and recycling 100 102 55 .t .J figl FIG.