SU1440965A1 - Method of separating cotton seeds from fibre - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of cotton preprocessing, can be used for the fiber extraction of raw cotton and allows to improve the quality of the fiber due to the preliminary reduction of the bonding forces of the fibers to the seeds during the fiber separation process. Raw cotton after drying (ie, after heating it) is subjected to a sharp short-term cooling to the temperature of the fibrous part below. Then cotton is treated with gaseous hydrogen chloride having a temperature below 0 ° C, followed by exposure to a reagent that neutralizes hydrogen chloride. Only after that the mechanical separation of the fibers from the seed is made.

Description

The invention relates to the primary processing of cotton and can be used for the filtrating of cotton plant oh oh,

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the fiber by preventing its destruction with a gaseous reagent.

Raw cotton after drying, i.e. after it is heated, it is subjected to a sharp cooling to a temperature of its fibrous part below 0 ° C, then it is treated with gaseous hydrogen chloride, which is also at a lower temperature, after which it is exposed to a reagent that neutralizes hydrogen chloride, for example, gaseous ammonia, fiber from seeds

Gaseous hydrogen chloride in a dry form, i.e. without moisture, does not have a destructive (destructive) effect on cellulose. on fiber j for its destructive deistuction, i.e. for hydrolysis of cellulose, water is needed in the form of zinc or napaV hydrogen chloride, combined with it, forms hydrochloric acid, and only in this case the fiber is destroyed. The intensity of the destruction of the fiber with hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid formed by the hydrogen chloride compound with moisture contained in the fiber) is largely dependent on the temperature of the medium, the higher the temperature, the more intense the destruction, and vice versa.

Example. Raw cotton, heated after drying to 60 ° C and more, is quenched for 3-5 minutes to a temperature of its fibrous part from O to minus -5 ° C, for example, by air, cooled to minus 20-30 0. With rapid cooling, the temperature of the seed does not have time to significantly decrease and remains, within

20–40 ° C, since the seed density, and therefore, the energy gained per unit of the body during the drying process of Tel, is much higher than that of the fiber, therefore the intensity of temperature decrease during the cooling process of them. significantly less than fiber.

After drying, the fiber contains about 8% moisture, which is quite sufficient.

d 5 0

5 о с

0

0

five

exactly to hydrolyze (destroy) the fiber when exposed to hydrogen chloride. However, the temperature of the fibrous part when cooled below 0 ° C, therefore, the fibrous part does not contain water in a kind of liquid or vapor and hydrogen chloride does not have a damaging effect, processing at this moment the whole mass of raw cotton. At this moment, the temperature of the seed is above 0 ° C (), there is moisture on its surface, therefore hydrogen chloride in the area has its effect and destroys the fiber at the very base, thereby reducing the adhesive force of the fiber with the seed.

The cooling temperature of the fiber and the temperature of the supplied hydrogen chloride (from 0 to micnus -5 ° C) are chosen to prevent moisture in the fiber in the form of liquid or vapor. Further lower-. Lowering the temperature leads to an increase in energy consumption and an additional decrease in the temperature of the seed, which reduces the effectiveness of hydrogen chloride.

In this case, it is expedient to use hydrogen chloride obtained from its liquefied state, since in such hydrogen chloride there is no moisture and it self-cools during expansion.

After the raw cotton has been treated with hydrogen chloride, it is subjected to neutralization, for example, with ammonia gas.

In the proposed method does not remove moisture from raw cotton, i.e. there is no drying process, including sub-shmating, in this case, the moisture is only for some time removed from the process and, after neutralizing hydrogen chloride, takes its original state, and therefore further processing — fiber removal and weed removal. happens in optimal modes.

At the end of the neutralization, mechanical fibering is performed. There is no need for traditional gins. In the process of removing weed impurities, the seeds that have lost contact with the fibrous part are extracted with weed impurities.

 1440965

Using the proposed seed by drying and processing them

Soba allows you to increase the production of hydrogen chloride and mechanical

fiber separation, reduce the impact on the fiber, the amount of equipment required for the processing of cotton, and improve the quality of the fiber due to the quality of the fiber produced. To prevent its destruction, after

drying raw cotton is briefly subjected to the formula of temporarily cooling its fiber 10 to a temperature below oC,

The method of separating the fiber from the substrate for treatment with hydrogen chloride in the cotton farm, including the process will be carried out at the temperature of the latter, - not

The connection of the fibrous part of the anti-trembling.

Claims (1)

Claim A method of separating fiber from cotton seeds, including the process of weakening the bond of the fibrous part with the seed by drying and treating them with hydrogen chloride and mechanical action on the fiber, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the fiber by preventing its destruction, after drying, the raw cotton is subjected short-term cooling of its fibrous part to a temperature below OS, and treatment with hydrogen chloride is carried out at a temperature of the latter, not exceeding 0 ° C.