SU1435688A1 - System for controlling mudflows - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the destructive power of mudflow and soil erosion and increase the use of mountain water flows for irrigation of agricultural land and alluvial sandy, sandy-pebble, gravelly, stony and other inconvenient and unused land of mountainous and adjacent areas. In the areas of the catchment areas of various profiles, mud-pools and canals are built to regulate mudflows, the mudflows of which are released after heavy rains, prolonged rains and snow. At the mouth of the ravine bed, a dam 3 of ice was frozen, or a dam of solid mudflow and the soil of the adjacent zone was constructed. The dams 3 are provided with coastal siltsbrushes 4 or siphon silkswells 5. The buried part 9 of the cistern is intended to separate sediments. The system has nano-catchers and nano-fenders 10, made in the form of shafts or trenches. Large solid particles are separated from the stream by means of stones made of stones, nanoscalers, and in silos. The blockage of the channel is sharply reduced. A large volume of pulp is formed, containing good quality soil suitable for lathering the upper soil layer of mountainous and adjacent areas. 4 h. the item of f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to a technique for regulating the flow of thawed and storm water from spillway basins in mountains, mountain slopes and mountain rivers, preventing soil erosion from mountain slopes and protecting mudslides from the destructive force and can be used throughout the USSR.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the destructive power of mudflow and soil erosion and increase the use of mountain water flows for irrigation of agricultural land and alluvial sandy, sandy-pebble, gravelly, stony and other uncomfortable and unused land of mountainous and adjacent areas.

FIG. 1 shows a reservoir located between the slopes of the catchment basin, top view; in fig. 2 - the same, longitudinal section; in fig. 3 - the same cross section; in fig. 4 — a collector for distributing the mudflow to the irrigated and washed areas of the upper soil layer; in fig. 5 - a reservoir located along the perimeter of the catchment basin, top view; in fig. 6 shows section A-A in FIG. five; in fig. 7 - a reservoir made in the form of a trench on the slopes of a mountain, a section; in fig. 8 - location of the reservoirs and the channel on the slopes, top view; in fig. 9 - channels for removal of a part of the mudflow from the main channel to the areas of the alluvial topsoil, top view.

FIG. 1-4 shows a reservoir located between slopes 1 and 2, the area of the slopes is covered with the help of a drainage dam 3. On both sides of the storage, coastal silts 4 are installed, siphon faults 5 are connected to collector 6, taps 7 to regulating devices 8 for the distribution of the mudflow to the areas of alluvial topsoil and irrigation. The recessed bottom part 9 of the reservoir is intended for separating sediment.

On the slopes 1 and 2 of the catchment basin, a nano-sifter 10 is constructed in the form of a shaft of stones.

If it is not possible to build a shaft of stones on the slopes, nanoscalers can be built in the form of a trench 11 and a dam 12.

A nano-catcher in the form of trenches can be placed on one or both sides of the channel when large flows of mass are transported from the slopes littering the channel. Water from the slopes adjacent to the channel through the trenches m 11 flows into the lower part of the channel. It is also possible to construct on the slopes nanosilicates made of stones with the presence of material and the corresponding steepness of the slope.

The storage facility consists of trench 13 and dam 14. Between the trenches, laid 5

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on the perimeter, located catchment area 15.

Celesbros 16 are located on the dam, as well as siphon celesbros 17.

FIG. Figure 7 shows a section of an annular mud pit located on the slopes of Mount 18. The reservoir consists of a trench 19 and a dam 20. A siphon drop 21 is installed to release the flow from the reservoir.

0 The reservoir consists of a pit 22 and a dam 23. The pits 22 are interconnected by a channel 24 laid horizontally on a slope. With the help of a 24 N channel of rapid flow 25, the shale storage is connected to pit 26 to form pulverized clayey soil. A channel 27 is laid from pit 26 to feed pulp into the channel of ravine 28, the mouth of which is blocked by a dam 29 of ice or mudflow. A channel 30 was laid for the washing of the soil from the quarry. In alluvial checks, the rollers 32 are made of sand. Valves 33 are installed to adjust the water level) 1 in the checks. Valves are made of rods or pipes with plugged ends.

A debris flow from the main channel 34 through channel 35 is led to a nanosolver 36, which is fenced with 11.1 castes of 37 to precipitate solid impurities. From a 3G catcher 3 ,,, ЯО.O.: waiting for the soil, a channel 3vS was laid to direct the flow to the quarry 39 for preparation pulp from clay or sandy-clay soil. A channel 40 is laid to feed pulp d; 1 in the form of an alluvium. The site of the alluvium is enclosed with the help of valon 41 of sand arranged vertically. In order to regulate the flow horizontally, rollers 42 were constructed from sand and rod valves 43 were installed. Water flow from the area of alluvium was returned to the channel through channel 44.

The system works as follows.

0 Decrease in the destructive power of mudflow and higher use of water resources of mountainous areas for irrigation of agricultural land and alluvial topsoil is real in the course of planned operation of the reservoirs located in the catchment and on the slopes. Water is discharged from the silos before snow and ice melting and rainstorms, as well as in the following cases.

Q Immediately after that neither snow nor ice. Sheds should be prepared for the accumulation and retention of part of mudflows during heavy rains and long rains.

After. showers and prolonged rains.

5 After the autumn rains. By the beginning of the winter period, the reservoirs should be prepared to contain part of the melt water.

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After a partial snowfall during warming in the winter period. The use of water accumulated in selehranilins for irrigation of agricultural land is possible in the spring, summer and partly autumn-FfHH period.

Example I. Regulation of the work of the selektorazhdeniya located between the slopes (Fig. 1-4).

Uniform runoff of mudflows is ensured by sedimentation in the catchment area and retention of water in the mud pools during the melting of ice and snow, heavy rains and prolonged rains.

The first stage of sediment collection is a sediment suppressor 10 (Figures 1 and 2), made in the form of a shaft of stones. The large size of the stones and the wood, carried away by the flow of water, is retained by the stone shaft. Increasing the height and width of it, the amount of sediment entering the silo decreases sharply. Smaller solids are released in the reservoir due to a decrease in flow rates.

When building a dam, the lower part of the reservoir is deepened by moving the soil to form a dam. The recessed portion is an additional nano-catcher.

In the absence of stones on the slopes, a nano-catcher was built in the form of a trench, laid along the perimeter of the slope (Fig. 3). The debris flow from the slopes in the trenches is freed from coarse impurities, which reduces the clogging of the reservoir.

Regulation of runoff of mudflows from the silo storage is performed using water 10

mi biases. With the discharge of thawed and heavy water from these areas, significant erosion and sludge are observed; on the bed of the mudflow table.

 It is recommended that these ponds be used for accumulation and retention of part of the mudflow by enclosing them with a capacity of 13 in the form of a trench and a dam 14. When snow and ice melt, rainstorms and long rains, the catchment area is filled with mudflow masses. Mudflows are discharged through the mudflows 16 of the drainage dams and the siphon mudflow 17. As the level in the basin decreases, the mudflows 16 of the saltwater dam are turned off.

15 Selevme masses are completely discharged through siphon jets 17. The silo has been prepared for the accumulation and retention of mud masses during subsequent downpours. The release of mudflows through siphon silos is regulated at the rate of their possible use for oron and alluvial topsoil.

Examples 3 P4 (Fig. 7 and 8). During the melting of snow and torrential rains, large volumes of mudflows flow down from the mountain slopes, washing away the soil on the slopes and in the gardens located on the slopes.

In order to prevent soil erosion from: the destructive force of mudflows, it is recommended to build trench slides, located along the horizontal slopes. The soil from the trench 19 is moved by means of directional explosions to the lower part of the slope, forming an annular saltwater dam 20. The mudflow from the slopes of the mountain 18 flows into the reservoir 19, from which through the saltwaters of the dam and

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drain dam and trap drain. 35 bellows celesbros are released into the mainstream

During snow and ice shedding, heavy rainfall and prolonged rainfall, mudslides are discharged through shore and siphoic mudflows. With a decrease in the runoff of mudflow, the water level decreases, coastal interrupts are turned off. Through a siphon celesbore, the storage is almost completely freed from the mudflow and prepared to receive the masses generated by showers. If necessary, detain chas40

or fast currents:

In another embodiment, on the slopes, there were constructed mud-stores in the form of pits 22 connected by channels 24. Mud streams flowing down from the slopes into canals accumulate in the storages and along fast currents 25 enter the quarry 26 hl of pulp formation from clay or sandy clay. From the quarry 26, the pulp through channel 27 enters for the reclamation of the bed of the ravine. These waters for irrigation or irrigation of the upper mine 28, the mouth of which is blocked by a dam 29,

his soil layer discharge using regulators 8 on collector 6 is terminated. When the collector 6 is used, the mudflow is distributed to irrigated areas in the alluvium of the upper soil layer.

which can be built by freezing ice. In order to wash the upper layer of soil, the pulp enters channel 30, enclosed by sand shafts 31. The flow of pulp from checks is regulated by

In the proposed flow diagram, debris flow valves 33.

Construction of all the Czechs on the slopes in the form of excavation pits in areas where storage in the form of trenches is difficult due to the conditions of the topography of the slopes and the difficulty of constructing trenches due to the large amount of work.

sediment masses are emitted from the slopes in the upper and lower parts of the reservoir. The debris flow, free from large impurities, is suitable for transportation through pipelines and channels for alluvial soil and irrigated land.

Example 2 (Fig. 5-6). In mountain areas there are catchment areas located horizontally or c-small.

mi biases. With the discharge of thawed and heavy water from these areas, significant erosion and sludge are observed; on the bed of the mudflow table.

 It is recommended that these ponds be used for accumulation and retention of part of the mudflow by enclosing them with a capacity of 13 in the form of a trench and a dam 14. When snow and ice melt, rainstorms and long rains, the catchment area is filled with mudflow masses. Mudflows are discharged through the mudflows 16 of the drainage dams and the siphon mudflow 17. As the level in the basin decreases, the mudflows 16 of the saltwater dam are turned off.

Selevme masses are completely discharged through siphon mudflows 17. The silo is prepared for accumulation and retention of mudflows during subsequent showers. The discharge of mudflow masses through siphon silos is regulated on the basis of their possible use for oron and alluvium.

Examples 3 P4 (Fig. 7 and 8). During the melting of snow and torrential rains, large volumes of mudflows flow down from the mountain slopes, washing away the soil on the slopes and in the gardens located on the slopes.

In order to prevent soil erosion from: the destructive force of mudflows, it is recommended to build trench slides, located along horizontal slopes. The soil from the trench 19 is moved by means of directional explosions to the lower part of the slope, forming an annular saltwater dam 20. The mudflow from the slopes of the mountain 18 flows into the reservoir 19, from which through the saltwaters of the dam and

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 35 bellows celesbros are released into the mainstream

40

or fast currents:

In another embodiment, on the slopes, there were constructed mud-stores in the form of pits 22 connected by channels 24. Mud streams flowing down from the slopes into canals accumulate in the storages and along fast currents 25 enter the quarry 26 hl of pulp formation from clay or sandy clay. From the quarry 26, the pulp through channel 27 enters for the reclamation of the bed of a ravine dg ha 28, the mouth of which is blocked by a dam 29,

ha 28, the mouth of which is blocked by dam 29,

which can be built by freezing ice. In order to wash the upper layer of soil, the pulp enters channel 30, enclosed by sand shafts 31. The flow of pulp from checks is regulated by

rod valves 33.

Construction of all the Czechs on the slopes in the form of excavation pits in areas where storage in the form of trenches is difficult due to the conditions of the topography of the slopes and the difficulty of constructing trenches due to the large amount of work.

Example 5 (Fig. 9) - With a high content of stones and soil in the mudflow, the channel quickly becomes clogged, leading to a rise in the mudflow and the sudden formation of its avalanche.

It is recommended that, in areas of possible flow increase, lay auxiliary channels or pipes of large diameter E4 flow distribution points.

From the main channel 34 of the stream, channel 35 is routed to the nano-catcher 36 and is surrounded by a plate. On this site there are rocks and other large sediments. By kg of w

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There is a nano-aisle around the reservoir made in the form of a shaft made of stones or a trench with a shaft, along the perimeter of the horizontal section a trench and a salt dam were built, and a depository constructed in the form of trenches and dams, as well as a pit, horizontal m, while the silos located on the slopes horizontally are connected by

Flow 38 is directed to pit 39 for the Yu channels, as well as pipelines, canals, and pulping. From the quarry 39, the slurry enters the site of the upper layer of the soil, divided into checks and the help of rollers 41 and 42 made of sand. The control of the flow of pulp in checks is carried out by means of rod valves 43. In channel 44, water is returned to the channel 34.

Claims (5)

 1. A system for controlling mudflows, consisting of dams and reservoirs, characterized in that, in order to reduce the destructive force of the mudflow and I soil erosion and increase the use of mountain water flows for irrigation. 15 20 The reservoirs are connected vertically with quarries for the preparation of pulp and areas of alluvial topsoil and irrigation, as well as the ravine channel in the adjacent territories, with a channel parallel to the channel or to the alluvialized part of the topsoil. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the silo located between the slopes is recessed. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer sides of the silo, built on a horizontal section, are for 1-- - 1. .j IГJ Agricultural land and alluvium are upper- deep and made in the form of a trench. H (j c, HgO sandy, pebbled, ebony, stony and other inconvenient H1) 1x and unused lands of mountainous and adjacent areas, drainage areas, canals, nano traps and channels on the slopes and horizontal sections control and dispersal of mudflows, the reservoir between the slopes is made by covering the area of the mudslide 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reservoir is made in the form of a trench with an adjacent dam located on the downstream side of the slope, on which siphon selebros are installed. 5. System for and. 1, characterized in that to distribute the mudflow from the upper part of the channel to the lower, a channel is laid parallel to the channel or to the area of alluvial topsoil. 9UZ.2 There is a nano-aisle around the reservoir made in the form of a shaft made of stones or a trench with a shaft, along the perimeter of the horizontal section a trench and a salt dam were built, and a depository constructed in the form of trenches and dams, as well as a pit, horizontally, while the silos located on the slopes horizontally are connected with channels as well as pipelines, channels and channels as well as pipelines, channels and The reservoirs are connected vertically with quarries for the preparation of pulp and areas of alluvial topsoil and irrigation, as well as the ravine channel in the adjacent territories, with a channel parallel to the channel or to the alluvialized part of the topsoil. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the silo located between the slopes is recessed. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer sides of the silo built on the horizontal section are for deep and made in the form of a trench. deep and made in the form of a trench. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reservoir is made in the form of a trench with an adjacent dam located on the downstream side of the slope, on which siphon selebros are installed. 5. System for and. 1, characterized in that to distribute the mudflow from the upper part of the channel to the lower, a channel is laid parallel to the channel or to the area of alluvial topsoil. /// BUT „.Z . , . .five eleven Fi2.3 Phage. 7 6 sixteen ./J -  WITH/ BUT : XI-XJ 77 /// /// /// /// L Fig.b .22 P p jif / I / J J5 "J FIG. 9