SU1428287A1 - Apparatus for regulating parameters of microclimate in hothouse - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to greenhouse vegetable growing and floriculture. The purpose of the invention is to improve the control accuracy and irrigation efficiency. The device comprises an infrared radiation receiver I which controls the temperature of the surface of the leaves of the plants. The control unit includes a threshold device 2, a computing unit 3, a commutation unit 4, a timer 5, a memory unit 6, and an external control unit with communication lines 11. The executive unit contains a piping system 10 with a disperse nozzle humidification 9, electric pump 7 and electromagnetic valves 8. The infrared receiver detects the temperature of the foliage. If the temperature is above normal, a signal is given to turn on the humidification system. Water through the piping system is supplied to the dispersed wetting nozzles and is evenly distributed over the surface of the leaves of the plants. The temperature of the foliage in the premises decreases. The device allows multiple repetition of the wetting cycle. 1 hp ff. 2 Il. (ABOUT

Description

NU

00 th 00

Vuz. one

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in devices for controlling microclimate parameters in greenhouses, primarily intended for growing vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the control accuracy and irrigation efficiency.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for adjusting microclimate parameters in a greenhouse; in fig. 2 - structure-on the device diagram.

The device contains an infrared receiver 1, a threshold device 2, a computing unit 3, a switching unit 4, a timer 5, a memory block 6, an electric pump 7,: electromagnetic valves 8, disperse humidification nozzles 9, pipelines 10, an external control unit 11 with lines 12 connections. The output of the infrared receiver 1 is connected to the input of the threshold device 2. The output of the threshold device 2 is connected to the first input of the computing unit 3, the output of the external control unit I is connected to the second input, the first output of timer 5 is connected to the third input, and the block output to the fourth input 7 memories. The first output of the computing unit 3 is connected to the input of the external control unit 11, the second output. To the input of the timer 5, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the memory block 6. The third output of the computing unit 3 is connected to the second input of the memory unit 6 and the fourth output is connected to the input of the switching unit 4, one output of which is connected to the electric pump 7, and the remaining outputs of the switching unit 4 are connected to the solenoid valves 8 (Fig. 1, only one solenoid valve is shown).

The device works as follows. . The signal from the infrared receiver 1 goes to the threshold device 2 (containing its temperature setter in the range of 25-45 ° C with an accuracy of ± 0.5 ° C), in which it is compared with the setpoint (the value of which is determined by the type of plant), and If the signal value of the setpoint value is exceeded, a signal is sent to the computing device 3. In case the external control unit 11 does not block the execution of the command to turn on the overheating system - the executive unit (which is possible with limited water resources of the greenhouse), the computing unit 3 refers to the memory unit 6 in which the values of the time settings, the determination of the operation of the actuators, at the same time, processing the time, and contacting the timer 6 and issuing to the switching unit 4 a command to turn on the electric pump 7.

After the end of the first time interval, which is necessary for the electropump 7 to create a certain pressure in the system and is about one to two minutes (and if by this time there is no command to operate the backup pump or no further command execution is blocked), the computing unit 3 power switching is promoted for the operation of the first electromagnetic valve 8, which operates during the second time interval stored in the memory. The solenoid valve 8 opens and in the nozzles of surface irrigation 9 through the pipe 10 enters the cooling moisture, which is sprayed in the area of the upper foliage

5 (cf. 1). Droplets of moisture falling on the surface of the leaves evaporate, absorbing thermal energy, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the foliage, which is detected by the infrared receiver 1. To prevent hydraulics

In case of sharp impacts of the electromagnetic valves 8, the system shocks in the system use a shift in the period of their operation in case of sequential switching on, and the shutdown interval of the operation of the electromagnetic valves 8 is determined by the inertia of their activation and is also entered into the memory block. After the last electromagnetic valve 8 is completed (or their groups, the number of which is fixed in memory block 6), the computing unit 3

0 waits for the interval stored in memory block 6. If at this time the signal from the threshold device 2 is not removed, the injection and surface deflection cycle repeats: otherwise, and the switching unit 4 is signaled to turn off the electropump 1.

The functions of the external control unit 11 relating to the operation of the evaporative air cooling system include controlling the sequence of operation of "local control units of the evaporative cooling system installed in each greenhouse and containing blocks 2-6 (to the external control unit 11 can be connected from two to 20" local units up - which is associated with the number of heat persons fed by a single pump or their group); counting and memorizing the number of cycles of operation of the evaporative air cooling system, for example, per day; blocking the system at high humidity in the greenhouse; issuing a time delay (duration of 30–90 s) to turn on the evaporative cooling system, which is associated with the need to leave the greenhouse area for spraying moisture, while simultaneously issuing an audible warning signal.

In addition, the external control unit 11 performs a number of other functions unrelated to the operation of the evaporative air cooling system.

five

The operation of such a unit can be implemented, for example, on the basis of commercially available controllers.

Consider one of the options for the implementation of individual units of the device.

Timer 5 controls the timing of pulsed sprinkling in the greenhouse.

Timer 5 consists of a generator of time pulses, such as seconds, made on the basis of integrated circuits such as K 176 IE5 or IE 12 and a quartz resonator and electronic valve using triggers, as in the computing unit 3. The electronic valve is controlled by the commands of the computing unit 3. The signals from the time pulse generator are fed to the computing unit 3, where they are fed through an electronic valve to one of the pulse counters. With the passage of the electronic timer valve in one of two possible positions, the signal from the timer enters memory block 6, where it is remembered and can serve as a source of information about the operation of the device and the number of irrigations performed during the day.

As the infrared radiation receiver 1, it is proposed to use infrared radiation pyrometers with a sighting angle of about 5-10 °.

Computing unit 3 can be made of two time pulse counters, one of which is designed for counting time intervals, another for counting time intervals of operation of electromagnetic valves 8, the counters can be performed using serial integrated circuits of the type K 155 IE7, K155 IE 2.5, three memory cells for recording (such as a random access memory) and for temporary storage of information about the amount of time slots worked. In one cell, the digital values of the holding interval of the operation of the electric pump 7 are sequentially entered to turn on the electromagnetic valves 8 and after i.e. shutdown. The two other cells are assigned respectively the time interval for shifting between switching off the next solenoid valve 8 and switching on the next one and the operation time of each solenoid valve 8. The following interval for simplifying the device can be common to all the valves. The K155 RU2 or K176 P.M1, K561, and RU2A microcircuits can be used as the element base of the memory cells.

For comparison, time slots with cells in the computational block 3 have three comparators (the element base is the same as in the threshold device), which, when these values coincide, produce control of timer 5, block 4

tation and block 6 of memory signals. The switching of signals is carried out in the block with the help of several electronic gates, built on the basis of asynchronous triggers or universal CC triggers using ICs like 1I4TP1A, 134TV1 or, for example, K155TV15, K500TV135 and logic element "And, for example, on chip 2" MLI1. In addition, the composition of the computing unit 3 has a number of auxiliary elements that ensure the agreement of the corresponding electrical parameters of the elements of the unit.

Switching unit 4 contains a decoder made, for example, on an integrated circuit of KR134IDZ or K155ID1 type, voltage source, electronic keys (the elemental base is the same as in computing unit 3). controlled by the decoder, by the number of corresponding to the number of electromagnetic valves 8, and the electronic key based on the / 5-trigger that controls the operation of the electric pump 7 by the signal of the corresponding comparator of the computing unit 3. Depending on the power consumed by the electromagnetic valves 8, installation of stronger relays or thyristors in the unit, which supply voltage to the valves and electric pump starter.

The memory block 6 contains three slot cells for storing time intervals for shifting the periods of operation of the electromagnetic valves 8, delaying their start relative to turning on the electric pump 7, waiting period after all the valves have triggered, the number counter

5 system starts. Memory cells (according to the number of solenoid valves used in the system), which store information about the valve number and the time of its operation, the memory cell counters can be

Q are made on the same element base as m in computing unit 3, push-button named electromechanical devices connected by means of switches made, for example, on the basis of K50 () LM series microcircuits, with the corresponding 5 ka.mn of memory, .V flip-flops, generating commands for switching .V electronic gates after removing information from the time memory cells, working em. electromagnetic gates 3, and one trigger generating a signal after all activated gates have triggered. In the described variant of memory block 6, the number of electromechanical devices is matched with the number of memory cells in order to improve the reliability of the system at short-term power outages (it is not necessary to re-enter the time settings). In other embodiments, it is possible to use one mechanical device for entering all settings.

The advantages of the proposed device include the fact that the device uses an infrared radiation detector with an optimal viewing angle to record exactly the temperature of the leaf surface with an automatic temperature averaging over an area of several tens of square meters, see - HHfj, a signal is recorded that is proportional to: rational of the radiant energy flux from the controlled surface of the sheet, which is determined by the surface temperature and angle receiver sighting scrap. For example, with a typical sheet size jlO cm and a sheet surface distance of 50 LM, the sighting angle is 5 °, and with a smaller sighting angle a sufficient degree of averaging of the surface temperature is not obtained and the point temperature is actually recorded, leads to lower control accuracy.

JB if the viewing angle is chosen to be greater than 10 ° when the distance from the foliage surface is 1 m or more, there can be a decrease in the accuracy of temperature measurement and, accordingly, control due to increased background emission. Thus, the optimum range of the values of the angle of sight of the infrared radiation detector is 5-10 °. By performing in the device of the executive body in the form of dispersed complications in the form of pipelines with nozzles that evenly distribute moisture on the surface of the foliage, electromagnetic valves and electric pump, the inertia of the control process is reduced, and the control accuracy is accordingly improved due to the fact that surface irrigation nozzles inject and the spraying of moisture into the most heated zone of the upper foliage, and the absorption of excess heat energy in the foliage occurs t by a highly efficient and low-inertia evaporation process. The control unit in the device provides the setpoint of the maximum allowable temperature of the foliage for each plant species.

comparison with the signal coming from the infrared radiation receiver, automatic control of the electromagnetic valves and the electric pump, providing the optimal time intervals for the operation of these units of the actuator, and, if necessary, switching to external control. This allows improving the accuracy of microclimate control in the greenhouse in

-Q long-term operation.

Claims (2)

Invention Formula . A device for controlling microclimate parameters in a greenhouse, comprising a control unit, the input of which is connected to the temperature sensor, and an actuator connected to the output of the control unit, characterized in that, in order to improve the control accuracy and irrigation efficiency, the temperature sensor is made as a receiver of infrared radiation20 chen, and as an executive body A piping system with dispersed humidification nozzles was used, equipped with electromagnetic valves and an electric pump, while the control unit 25 includes a threshold device, a computing unit, a switching unit, a timer, a memory unit and a communication line with an external control unit, the output of the infrared radiation receiver being connected to the input of the threshold device, the output of which is connected 30 with the first input of the computing unit, and the first output of the latter is connected to the input of the switching unit, the first output of which is connected to the electric pump, and the rest to the electromagnetic valves, and the second output and input of the computing unit 35 are connected respectively to the first input and output of the memory block The second input of which is connected to the first input of the timer, while the second output and the first input of the last are connected respectively to the third input and the output of the computing unit, the fourth input and output of which are communicated by lines with in conjunction with an external control unit. 2. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the infrared radiation receiver 45 has a sighting angle of 5-10 °. chen, and as an executive body iptptl / y / R