SU1405790A1 - Apparatus for making nicotine - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the tobacco industry and can be used to remove nicotine from tobacco waste. The aim of the invention is to reduce energy costs by utilizing heat and increasing productivity. The device contains a heating tank 3, which is a tubular heat exchanger connected through an ejector 4 to an expansion tank 5, a mixer 1, a condenser 7, at the outlet of which a membrane separator 8 of condensate is installed. 1 il.

Description

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The invention relates to the tobacco industry and can be used to remove nicotine from tobacco waste.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption by utilizing heat and increasing the performance of the device.

The drawing schematically shows the proposed device.

The device contains the mixer 1 of the initial components intended for the preparation and filtration of the pulp connected to the pump 2 with a heating capacity of 3 ". The heating tank 3 is made in the form of a tubular heat exchanger and connected through the ejector 4 to the expansion chamber 5". At the bottom of the expansion chamber 5 there is a rotary valve 6 for the withdrawal of waste tobacco waste. Expansion chamber 5 is piped to; heating tank 3, which, in turn, is piped to condenser 7. A pump 9 is installed in the separator 8 after condenser 7 to inject condensate

The presence in the device of a heating vessel, made in the form of a tubular heat exchanger 5 and also a membrane separator, allows to reduce the energy consumption by 2 times during evaporation of the water-tobacco pulp. The use in the proposed device of an expansion tank with a rotary valve and an ejection nozzle, as well as a heating tank in the form of a tubular heat exchanger allows you to organize the process of producing nicotine of continuous action (in a known device, the process is periodic). of continuous operation. As a result, the specific performance of the proposed device is higher than that of the known “I

The device works as follows

The initial components are loaded into the mixer 1: tobacco waste, water, quick lime, which are mixed. Then the resulting slurry is filtered and pump 2 is fed into the heating tank 3, where it happened. goes warming the pulp. Heated

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The steam is brought out of the heating tank 3 through the ejector 4 "The pulp outflow from the ejector occurs. due to its ejection with superheated steam. The passage through the conduit between the tank 3 and the expansion tank 5, the slurry is overheated. When it leaves the ejector 4 and is mixed with steam, its liquid part evaporates. At this point nicotine is sublimated with water vapor. In chamber 5, the flow rate leaving the ejector 4 decreases sharply. At the same time, the gas phase ( vapor and nicotine) is removed through the tubular part of the heating tank 3 into the condenser 7, and the solid phase is deposited in the lower part of the chamber 5 and output through the rotary shutter 6, the passage through the tubes of the chamber 3, the gas mixture cools, heating the pulp, B the condenser 7 the mixture condenses and in the form of a liquid The pump 9 is pumped into the separator 8. The principle of the separator 8 is based on the use of semipermeable membranes, in which the condensate is concentrated. After separator 8, the product is obtained as a concentrated nicotine aqueous solution. It can be directly used to produce nicotine or nicotine salts in pure form,

The implementation of the heating chamber in the form of a tubular heat exchanger -. This is due to the fact that in order to manage the proposed nicotine extraction process, it is necessary first to heat the mixture and then cool the gas phase obtained. To reduce energy costs, these two processes are combined; the gas phase, cooling, heats the pulp. It is advisable to implement in a tubular heat exchanger.

The need to use the expansion chamber is due to the fact that after mixing the steam with the pulp and evaporating its liquid part, it is necessary to separate the gas phase and the solid particles that make up the pulp. This is done in the expansion chamber due to a sharp decrease in the flow rate. In addition, the expansion tank is required in the device to create a reduced pressure after the ejector 4 (this difference is responsible for the expiration of the composition of the nz ejector 4),

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Membrane separator 8 is applied in the device assuming that in this case, the effect of its sublimation with water vapor is used to obtain nicotine. The solution obtained by pulp evaporation and condensation must be concentrated. In some cases this is accomplished by evaporation of water. However, when receiving nicotine, this is unacceptable, since nicotine is carried away with water vapor. Therefore, the concentration of an aqueous nicotine solution is increased by separating it on a membrane-separated body using semi-permeable membranes. This process is carried out at the rooms of the prodavliv- under

Pressure (up to 50 kg / cm). Pump 9 is designed to create this pressure.

In comparison with the known device, the proposed device requires almost 2 times less energy to separate the same amount of nicotine. The energy input is needed to heat the pulp and transfer water to the gaseous state. In the proposed device, most of this energy is obtained by cooling the gas phase (a mixture of water vapor and nicotine), which reduces the heat input from the steam to evaporate the pulp, i.e. reduction of energy costs. In addition, the concentration of an aqueous nicotine solution using a membrane separator with

The energy point of view is much more profitable than with other methods, since in this case energy is needed only to inject fluid into the separator and create an overpressure. The design of the membrane separator is a set of semi-permeable membranes installed between special holders enclosed in a sealed enclosure. Between the membranes, a concentrated fluid is injected, from which water seeps through the cells of the membrane.

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branes, and nicotine molecules are delayed. Thus, the solution is concentrated.

In the proposed installation, steam is a coolant for superheating the pulp in the ejector channel and after spraying it on the cutter of the ejector and at the same time performs the functions of the nicotine vapor carrier, which with its flow is carried to the tube part of the tank 3 and further to the condenser 7. Therefore connect the water vapor to the pulp in the ejector 4, and not in the tank 3. With this sequential heating of the pulp, the heat in the tank 3 from the hot gas phase can be used most efficiently, and less quantity of steam is supplied to the ejector A, since pulp in the ejector 4 is already hot.

The proposed device allows to obtain a concentrated aqueous solution of nicotine with greater efficiency as compared with the known device. Energy costs are reduced by 2 times. The continuous production technology of nicotine, which is implemented using the proposed device, makes it possible to significantly increase its specific productivity (5-7 times) in comparison with the known, make it compact and automate the process.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for producing nicotine containing a heating tank, a mixer and a condenser, which is required in order to reduce energy costs by recovering heat and increasing productivity, it is equipped with an ejector and an expansion tank, while the heating tank is a tubular heat exchanger connected through an ejector with an expansion tank, and a condensate membrane separator is installed at the condenser outlet. Proofreader A.T. sko