SU1390760A1 - Versions of load-dependent controlled regulator for phase-cutoff controlled motors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in low-power household appliances. The aim of the invention is to create a controllable, load-dependent regulator for phase-controlled motors. The regulator contains a transistor 43, to the base of which a control voltage Ug is applied. The positive impulse amplified by transistor 4 is removed from clamp 48 or through a divider from clamp 49 and is applied to control the operation of the motor through phase cut-off. 2 sec. f-ly. 7 il. -Fi

Description

The invention of otHOCHTCH to electrical engineering and can be used in household low-power appliances, in household sewing machines, as well as in industrial electronics products.

Known dependent on the load, controlled regulator for phase-controlled motors, containing a power semiconductor switch 5, included in the electric motor winding, sensor of the actual number of revolutions of the electric motor (see German Patent No. 2608613, CL. 02Р 5/40, 1978 ).

A disadvantage of the known device is the use in it of a pulse transformer, the connection of the regulator with the mains voltage, and the fact that the EMF measurement is performed in each second half period of the mains voltage.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a controllable, load-dependent regulator for controlling the width of the motor phase suitable for operation in combination with various forms of execution of the engine control circuit and expanded by the needle position control device.

The invention is based on the technical task of creating a controllable load-dependent regulator for phase-controlled motors, which, unlike the known solutions, are designed so that they can be connected to different power circuits, and EMF can be used as a controlled variable. motor or output voltage tachogenerator, and the main elements of the controller can be combined in this integrated circuit, such as a hybrid.

Figures I and 2 show regulator diagrams for the first and second variants, respectively; FIG. 3 shows time diagrams of voltages; Fig. 4 is a regulator circuit with a power unit controlled via a triac; Fig. 5 is a regulator circuit with a power unit controlled via thyristors; Fig. 6 is a regulator circuit with a power unit controlled through a triac; Fig.7 - regulator circuit, galvanically developed. connected with the power unit.

The controller (FIG. 1) contains a clamp 52 connected to the first pole, and

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A clamp 47 connected to the second pole of a network alternating voltage. The clamp 47 is a common connecting point for the anode of diode 2, the cathode of diode 3 and the first output of the first link with a fixed time constant made up of a resistor 7 and a capacitor 10. Between the cathode of diode 2 and the anode of diode 3 there is a series circuit of capacitors 5 and 6, parallel to which a series circuit is connected. From Zener diodes 8 and 9, so that a positive operating voltage is obtained at the cathode of a Zener diode 8 and a negative working voltage at the anode of a Zener diode 9. The midpoint of these operating voltages is formed by the connection between two capacitors 5 and 6 and between two Zener diodes 8 and 9 and is connected to terminal 52.

The second terminal of the first link with a fixed time constant, composed of a resistor 7 and a capacitor 10, is connected via anode-cathode section of diode 1 I to inverting input and through cathode-anode section of diode 12 to comparator non-inverting input 22. Inverting input through the resistor 14 is connected to the midpoint of the capacitors 5 and 6, and through the resistor 13 to the anode of the Zener diode 9. The non-inverting input of the comparator 22 is connected to the midpoint of the capacitors 5 and 6 via resistor 7 and to the cathode of the Zener 8 diode through resistor 16. Vyv One 15 is connected via a foot controller (not shown) to a terminal 18 of the controller. The output 18 is connected via a serial circuit of resistors 19 and 20 to the anode of a Zener diode 9 and through a resistor 21 to a capacitor 23, which is connected to an inverting input of a comparator 28 and a comparator 22 through a resistor 24.

The non-inverting input of the comparator 28 is connected via a resistor 25 to the midpoint of the second link with a fixed time constant composed of a resistor 26 and a capacitor 27, which is connected through a cathode-anode section of a diode 29 through a resistor 32 to a Zener diode 8 cathode and through a resistor 33 with an output of a differential amplifier consisting of an operational amplifier 36 and resistors 35, 38, 40 and 41. The inputs of the operational amplifier 36 are connected through resistors 40 and 41 to terminals 50 and 51, which are connected to terminal 52 through resistors 42 and 46. 38 connects the noninverting input of operational amplifier 36 with a clamp 52 and the resistor 35 - inverting input of the operational amplifier 36 - from the exit of the latter. The output of the comparator 28 is connected through a resistor 30 to the cathode of a Zener diode 8, through a diode 31 to the anode of diode 29 and through a third link with a fixed constant other time, composed of a co-detector 34 and a resistor 37, to the base of the transistor 43, to which a resistor 39 is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode 8, through the emitter-collector section of the transistor 43 is connected to the terminal 48, which is connected through a resistor 44 to the terminal 49, through a resistor 45 to the terminal 52.

Figure 2 shows a regulator circuit according to the second embodiment. Its distinguishing feature is that the first link with a fixed constant time, composed of resistor 7 and capacitor 10, is supplied from an additional comparator 4, the inverting input of which is connected to the midpoint of capacitors -5 and 6, and non-inverting resistor 1 with clamp 47.

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Figure 4 shows a control circuit in the case of using a regulator with a power circuit controlled from a triac, including a bridge on diodes 57, 58, 64 and 55, in the DC circuit of which the motor is turned on so that pin 63 is connected to the negative pole , pin 60 - with a positive pole, and pin 62 of the engine - through the anode-cathode diode 61 with an additional pole assembled on the bridge diodes. The controlled high-power semiconductor device, which is a triac 59, is located in the alternating current circuit of the diode bridge. The regulator clamp 47 is connected to one pole through a resistor 53, and the clamp 52 connects to the second pole of a network alternating voltage, the EMF is fed through the resistors 54 and 55 to the regulator terminals 50 and 51. The controlled electrode of the triac 59 is connected to the clamp 49 of the regulator.

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A device for providing the speed setpoint is connected to the terminals 15 and 18 of the regulator. With the help of resistors 54 and 55, the actual value is matched to the controller.

Fig. 5 shows an adjustment circuit using a bridge with thyristors 69 and 70 included in its two arms. Since the cathodes of thyristors 69 and 70 do not have a common point, they are in front of the control element of the thyristor

69 It is necessary to turn on the ignition transformer 68, the primary winding of which is connected to the terminals 48 and 52. The control electrode of the thyristor 70 is connected to the terminal 49.

Figure 6 shows a control circuit using a controller and a power unit controlled by a triac 59, without a bridge assembled on the diodes. The motor is connected in series with a controlled power triac 59. In this case, during a break in the flow of current, the motor emf is applied to the regulator terminals 50 and 51 through the series-connected resistors and diodes 54, 75, 55 and 76.

Fig. 7 shows a regulator under galvanic separation conditions from a power circuit. The actual speed value is generated by a tachogenerator 72 coupled to the engine. AC mains voltage is supplied to the regulator through an isolation transformer 73. The valves of two controlled high-power thyristors 69 and

70 are separately connected by clips 48

and 52 with a regulator via an isolation transformer 74. For this version of the circuit, the regulator according to FIG. 2 is particularly suitable.

The drive works as follows.

The AC supply voltage is applied to terminals 52 and 47. The positive half-wave of the supply voltage flows through diode 2 and the Zener diode 8 and charges the capacitor 5. The negative half-wave of the supply voltage, flowed through diode 3 and the Zener diode 9, creates on the capacitor 6 negative voltage. Thus, at the junction point of the anode of diode 2 and cathode of diode 3, a rectangular voltage Uj is formed, which is the operating voltage of the regulator. Operating voltage at transition

the network voltage through zero changes the sign and is equal to the average value of the working equipment. Moreover, it is positive in the period of the positive half-wave and negative in the period of the negative half-wave of the network voltage. The leading front of a rectangular HSSD is through a first link made up of a resistor 7 and a capacitor 10 and having a fixed time constant and the diode 11 is fed to the inverting input of the comparator 22, to which a negative offset is set by means of a divider made up of resistors 13 and 14 direction

and,).

The trailing edge of the rectangular voltage through the first link and the diode 12 is fed to a non-inverting input of the comparator 22, the positive bias of which is provided by a divider made up of resistors 16 and 17 (voltage 114). At the output of the comparator 22, a voltage Uj is formed, the low potential of which

The voltage is negative, and high depends on the size of the variable resistor foot regulator connected to terminals 15 and 18, resistors 19 and 20, and circuit charging time, including resistors 21 and 24 and capacitor 23, voltage and 5 supplied to the inverting input of the comparator 28. A high voltage potential of the voltage V can be varied depending on the value of the resistance of the foot controller. The magnitude of the high potential U is the reference voltage, which determines the rotational speed of the motor. At the offsets 50 and 51, the motor emf is connected to a differential amplifier. Because. The output of the differential amplifier through a resistor 33 is connected with a resistor. 32 s. a positive working voltage, and with the help of a diode 29, a second link with a fixed constant time composed of a -26 resistor and a capacitor 27 and a resistor 25, with a non-inverting input of the comparator 28, then a non-inverting input of a com.parator

28, a voltage U is created that is proportional to the actual engine speed. The comparator 28 compares the voltage Uj and a voltage proportional to the motor speed UT. When transcending

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the third element with a fixed time constant, made up of a resistor 37 and a capacitor 34, is applied to the base of the transistor 43, which serves as a pulse amplifier, to control voltage Uj.

The positive impulse amplified by transistor 43 is removed from clamp 48 or through a divider from clamp 49 (voltage U, „), Pulse voltage and, p is fed into the control circuit of high-power semiconductor devices to control the operation of the motor by phase cut-off. If the motor decelerates at a constant voltage Uj, then by decreasing the EMF, the voltage U decreases, at the non-inverting input of the comparator 28 and the transition from high potential to low voltage Ug at the output of the comparator 28 occurs earlier, thereby increasing the current cut-off angle

By selecting resistors 21 and 24 and capacitor 23, the dynamic characteristics of the control circuit can be significantly changed.

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Claims (2)

1. A load-dependent controlled regulator for phase-controlled motors containing a power semiconductor switch included in the motor winding, an actual motor speed sensor, characterized in that the inverting input of the first comparator 22 is connected to the cathode of the first diode 11 and through the first voltage divider 13,14 is connected to the plates of the first capacitor 6, shunted by the first stabilitron 8, and the non-inverting input of the first comparator 22 is connected to the anode of the second diode a 12 and through the second voltage divider 16.17 with the plates of the second capacitor 5, shunted by the second zener diode 8, the anode of the first diode 1 and the cathode of the second diode 12 are combined and connected to the first output of the first link consisting of Consequently, the third capacitor 10 and the first resistor 7 are connected, another input of the indicated link is directly connected to the anode of the fourth diode 3, the output of the first comparator 22 is connected via the second resistor 24 to the midpoint of the second link composed of series-connected third resistor 21 and the fourth capacitor 23 and with the inverting input of the second comparator 28, the non-inverting input of the second comparator 28 is connected via a quarter resistor 25 to the midpoint of the third link composed of the fifth resistor 26 and the fifth capacitor 27, and to the cathode of the fifth diode 29, the anode of which, through the sixth diode 31, connected in the forward direction, is connected to the output of the second comparator 28, through the sixth resistor 32 - with the lining of the second capacitor 5 and the cathode the third diode 2 and through the seventh resistor 33 with a differential amplifier, including an operational amplifier 36 and resistors 35,38,40,41,42,46, included in the feedback circuit, and the input circuits of the operational amplifier 36 are intended to be connected to the sensor the actual number of revolutions of the electric motor 2. A load-dependent controlled regulator for phase-controlled motors containing a power semiconductor switch included in the motor winding, an actual motor speed sensor that is connected to the inverting input of the first comparator 22 the cathode of the first diode 11 and through the first voltage divider 13, 0 five 0 5 0 five P the input of the first comparator 22 is connected to the anode of the second diode I2 and through the second voltage divider 16.17 to the plates of the second capacitor 5 shunted by the second zener diode 8, the output of the first comparator 22 is connected through the second resistor 24 to the midpoint of the second link composed of series-connected the third resistor 2 and the fourth capacitor 23, and with the inverting input of the second comparator 28, the non-inverting input of the second comparator 28 is connected through the fourth resistor 25 to the midpoint of the third link, composed o from the bridge resistor 26 and the capacitor 27, and to the cathode of the fifth diode 29, the anode of which is connected through the sixth diode 31 in the forward direction to the output of the second comparator 28, through the sixth resistor 32 with the lining of the second capacitor 5 and the cathode of the third diode 2 and through the seventh resistor 33 with a differential amplifier, including an operational amplifier 36 and resistors 35,38,40,41,42,46, included in the feedback circuit and the input circuits of the operational amplifier 36, the input circuits of the operational amplifier 36 are designed to connect to sensor the actual number of revolutions of the motor, the anode of the first diode 11 and the cathode of the second diode 12 are combined and connected to the first output of the first link made up of the third concentrator 10 and the first resistor 7 connected in series, the other output of the link indicated is connected to the output of the third comparator 4 to the connection point of the first and second capacitors 14 is connected to the plates of the first terminal, e 6.5, and the non-inverted input is connected through sensor 6, shunted by the first zener diode 9, and non-inverting resistor 1 with the anode of the third diode 2 and with the cathode of the fourth diode 3. resistor 1 with the anode of the third diode 2 and with the cathode of the fourth diode 3. Y N 7 / 0,1 i-e / 2 Ui 3 FIG. 2 2nd 1 / Z20V FIG. five FIG. at FIG. 7