SU1377419A1 - Steam power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention m. applied in areas remote from the power line, in rural areas, in the forest industry, where there is waste of plant and wood raw materials, by geologists, tourists, in pioneer camps, for water supply of settlements and for irrigation of fields using solar energy. The purpose of the invention is to increase the profitability of

Description

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new The condenser 20 is adjacent to the front part of the steam generator 21, equipped with irrigation devices 29 of its heat exchange surfaces and a system for collecting and removing irrigating fluid. The condensate pump is made in the form of tubular channels 26 connecting the radial peripheral zone 60 of the vapor space of the condenser c. steam generator installed with seal 10 in a heat-insulated chamber. To increase the heat exchange surface of the steam generator, it

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The invention relates to a technique for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, in particular to devices using the Rankine steam power cycle, which involves obtaining superheated steam, expanding it in a turbine, condensing in a condenser, and supplying a liquid working fluid to a steam generator and can be mainly used for low-power, including mobile units, using solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and hot water with temperatures up to 100 ° C., obtained by solar and geothermal energy, as well as energy sources of industrial enterprises in the form of hot water and flue gases.

The proposed facility can be used to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy with severe limitations in size and. weight while maintaining high power, in particular, it is applicable to the recovery of exhaust heat from internal combustion engines for transportation of plants. .

Low-power power plants of the proposed type can be applied in remote areas of power lines, in rural areas, in the forest industry, where there is waste of plant and wood raw materials, geologists, tourists, in pioneer camps, for water supply of settlements and for irrigation fields. by using solar energy, etc.

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has radial channels. Saturated water vapor overheats as it moves to pipeline 18. The steam then expands in the channels of the turbine 19 and enters the condenser, where it condenses on the end surfaces cooled by water, with the refluxing liquid supplied through the nozzles. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the condensate moves to the peripheral zone of the condenser and under the action of centrifugal pressure is supplied to the steam generator. 4 3. p. Of f-ly, 4 ill.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the steam power plant.

1. A basic installation diagram is presented; Fig. 2 is a setting, an example of execution with is. the use of water as a heating medium, and that of the working medium — freon or another low-boiling substance; fig. 3 is the same, an example of execution when placing the rotating capacitor separately from the steam generator; 4 shows a reactive turbine, a view in plan.

The heat-insulated chamber 1, which can be shaken by both the combustion chamber and the adiabatic shell (in the case of using hot water as a heating medium), is equipped with devices 2 and 3 for supplying solid fuel and air, as well as a burner 4 for burning gaseous or liquid fuels, instead of which a hot water nozzle can be installed. When hot exhaust flue gases are used as a heating medium, chamber 1 is equipped with a flue gas pipe 5 and exhaust pipe 6. Chamber 1 has a carrying metal frame 7 with legs 8 and a removable cover 9 installed in a labyrinth seal 10. On a removable cover 9 a bearing 11 is installed, to which bearings 12 are attached. In bearings 12, a shaft 13 is mounted with a pump 14, an electric generator 15 and a mechanical drive pulley 16 mounted on it. On the shaft 13 is mounted on the floor sleeve 17c

The steam supply house 18 to the jet turbine 19, made in the form of a segner wheel, has a condenser 20 and a steam generator 21 installed in the heat-insulated cylinder 1, and the internal conical surface 2 is attached to the cylindrical shell 22. The steam generator 21 has through passages (heat exchange tubes) 24 which are heated environment. The condenser 20 includes a cylindrical shell 25 with labyrinth seal 10 fixed therein, connected to the steam generator 21 tubular channels 26, which perform the function of a condensate pump during rotation. The shell 22 of the steam generator 21 is provided with annular ribs 2.7. The condenser 20 has a nozzle 28 and film-forming irrigation devices 29 of its heat exchange surfaces. The condenser 20 is also provided with annular pockets 30 secured thereto, in which pressure pipes 31 are placed, connected to a hot water supply tank 32. The annular pockets 30 with pressure tubes 31 form a collection and storage system for the irrigation (cooling) fluid. The installation is equipped with additional irrigation devices 33 and 34, and in the steam generator 21 a film-forming device 35 and pressure pockets 36 and 37 are connected with an opening 38. A pressure pipe 39 is installed in the pressure pocket 37, the chamber 1 has a nozzle 40 for removing possible water leaks at start-up and stop installation. Channel 41, which functions as a condensate pump, is located in the steam generator 21.

In order to increase the heat exchange surface of the steam generator 21, the latter is provided with radial through holes 42, which are more preferable when using a liquid heating medium, and a ring 43.

The condenser 20 may be made (FIG. 3) separately from the steam generator 21, and it contains an additional partition (end surface) 44, which may be flat and conical. System for collecting and removing irrigating (cooling

liquids contain pressure pockets 45 and 46 connected by a channel 47 to the pressure tube 48. The thermal insulation 49 of the steam generator 21 for preventing

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A possible spray of liquid is provided with an anti-moisture coating (hydro-insulating sheath) 50 with annular outlets 51. The support 11 is made as a solid cone below the pressure pocket 46 or -to the entire height. The ring collector 52 also includes a nozzle 53. coolant supply to the distributor 54. Labyrinth seal 10 is filled with a fluid that creates a water seal 55. On the steam generator 21 there are radial fins 56 and 57 of forced discharge of gaseous heating medium.

One of the channels (nozzles) 58 of the turbine is made with an oblique cut 59, and the distance aa. The radial peripheral zone 60 of the vapor space 61 of the condenser 20 through a condensate pump (tubular channels) 26 communicates with a steam generator 21, to the end part (conical surface) 62 of which is attached a condenser 20. Thermal insulation 49 is installed on the end part 62 of the steam generator facing the condenser 20. The steam generator 21 is made in the form of two concentric cones: an end part (a conical surface) 62 and an inner conical surface 23, which are interconnected by a cylindrical shell 22 or a flat ring m The end part (end surfaces) 62 of the steam generator is equipped with irrigation devices consisting of nozzles 53 and a distributor 54. At the radial periphery 63 of the steam generator 21, pressure pockets 45 and 46, interconnected by a channel 47, are fitted with a pressure pipe 48. The steam generator is equipped with additional heat exchange tubes 64, placed in its vapor-water space 65, the condenser has end surfaces 66,

The installation works as follows.

Before filling the coolant (in the case of the condenser 20 being centrifugal and operating under vacuum), the condenser 20 and the steam generator 21 should be evacuated to remove non-condensable gases. The amount of heat carrier to be poured should provide a ring layer

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liquids in the steam generator 21 (steam is generated in this layer) and filling of channels 24 and 26. A small filling of condenser 20 is possible.

With the vertical position of the shaft 13, as the channels 26 connecting the condenser 20 to the steam generator 21 have an outlet at the inner (lower) surface 23 of the steam generator 21, the steam cannot penetrate into the condenser 20 through the channels 26 when the installation is fixed water seal. In the case of horizontal positioning of the shaft 13 before starting, the channels 26 should be in the lower position. It is possible to start at different positions of the channels 26, but for this purpose it is necessary to rotate the shaft 13, creating a small rotational speed, ensuring the formation of an annular C.T1OJ fluid in the steam generator 21. For small powers, you can turn on va 13 manually using pulley 16.

If the installation is equipped with a 15 DC electric generator, it

It can also serve as a motor when voltage is applied to it. Before unwinding, it is necessary to turn on the heat supply to the chamber 1 of the steam generator 21 and cold water to the condenser 20. When restoring, it is desirable to disconnect the installation

from the load (electric generator 15).

The working process in the steam generator 21 consists of the formation of saturated water vapor in the annular liquid layer and its subsequent overheating as it moves to the steam supply line B 18 of the jet turbine 19. The steam then expands in the channels 58 of the turbine 19 and enters the condenser 20, where it condenses on the face surfaces 44 and 66, - cooled by water, irrigating fluid supplied through nozzles 28 and 53. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the condensate moves to the peripheral zone 60 of the condenser 20 and under the action of centrifugal pressure exceeding A differential pressure between the condenser 20 and the steam generator 21 is supplied through the pressure pipes 31 or channels 26 to the steam generator 21. The irrigation liquid (cooling water) is discharged through the pressure pipes 31 to the tank 32

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hot water supply, pressure pipes 39 and 48 and annular collection 52.

Claims (1)

5 claims 1. A steam-powered unit containing a steam generator rotating on a common shaft and connected in series to a closed hermetic circuit with a steam generator with heat exchange tubes, a turbine and a condenser with heat exchange surfaces, whose steam space communicates with the steam generator through a condensate pump, the bulkheads and the heat insulation between the condenser and the steam generator that differs so that, in order to increase efficiency, the condenser is adjacent to the end part of the steam generator, it is equipped with irrigation devices its heat exchangers They are equipped with tubular channels connecting the radial peripheral zone of the vapor space of the condenser with the steam generator, and the latter is installed in a heat-insulated chamber equipped with a seal. five 0 five 0 5 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with additional partition mounted between the vapor space of the condenser and the steam generator and irrigation devices, and the condenser is provided with annular pockets with pressure tubes placed in the cavity of the latter, thermal insulation is installed on the front part of the steam generator, facing the condenser, and provided with an anti-moisture coating. 3. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the steam generator housing is made of two concentric cones interconnected by a cylindrical shell or a flat ring. 4. Installation according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the end surfaces of the steam generator are equipped with irrigation devices, and pressure pockets with a pressure tube are installed on the radial periphery of the steam generator. 71377419 ° 5. Installation according to claims 1-4, of tl and heat-exchange tubes, which is located in that the steam-steam generator in its steam-water space, the reactor is equipped with an additional quantity. water 7 383739 Coolant Warm water 5V u Phie, 3 28 LJ (o odHa / f Bo & a 52 V FIG. fy