SU1359229A1 - Vibration/impact unloader of frozen loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for loosening and unloading bulk materials from railway gondola cars. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reduce the energy intensity of the process of loosening strongly frozen granular materials. The vibro-impact unloader contains a support frame 1 in which the working body in the form of a plate 3 with pins 4 is mounted with a possibility of movement in the vertical plane and connected to the plate 3 by means of shock absorbers 7 and buffer elements 10 a loading plate 8. Each pin 4 is installed with the ability to move in a vertical plane relative to the plate 3, is spring-loaded relative. the latter and is provided with a buffer 11 for interacting with the lower plane of the loading plate 8, a buffer gasket 12 for interacting with the upper plane of the plate 3 and an additional buffer 13 for interacting with the lower plane of the plate 3. When making plates 8 and 3 oscillations (L (jO SP SO yu CD

Description

The latter, when struck by the lower planes with the buffers 11 and 13, impose a power pulse with a frequency exceeding two times the frequency of the vibration exciter. With

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This invention relates to a device for loosening and unloading frozen bulk materials from gondola cars.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reduce the energy intensity of the loosening process by reducing energy losses, intensifying and stabilizing the mode of operation of the vibroimpactor unloader.

Figure 1 shows the vibro-impact unloader; Fig. 2 shows the attachment point for the pin.

The vibro-impact unloader contains a support frame 1 mounted on the car, in the guides 2 of which it is mounted to move the working body in the vertical plane in the form of a plate 3 with pins 4. The pins 4 with shanks 5 are installed in bushings 6 fixed in the plate 3.

On the slab 3, an amortization plate 8 with vibration exciter 9 and buffers 10 is installed by means of ammortizers 7 for interacting with the buffers mounted on the slab 3.

At the top of each shank 5, a buffer 11 and a buffer liner 12 are attached to interact with. the lower plane of the loading plate 8 and with the upper plane of the plate 3. In the lower part of each shank, an additional buffer 13 is fixed to interact with the lower plane of the plate 3. The shanks 5 are spring-loaded. The spring 14 relative to the plate 3.

The stiffness of the springs must be such that the force of their action at maximum deformation is sufficient to press the pins 4 to the ground, but does not exceed the weights of the plates 8 and 3 interacting with them, because otherwise between the buffers P and 13 and 1 8 and 3, respectively, are not provided

By this, the dynamic forces of the pins on the ground increase as the kinetic energy of the oscillating masses is transferred directly to them. 1 ap f-ly, 2 ill.

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gaps for effective impact.

Vibrating unloader works as follows.

In order to ensure effective loosening before starting the unloader operation, optimal gaps 1 are established between the lower plane of the upper plate 8 and the buffers 11 at zero gaps between the additional buffers 13 and the lower plane of the lower plate 3.

Adjustment of optimal clearances. 1, the initial values of which are taken to be zero and then optically refined, is made by changing the distance between the plates 8 and 3, for example, by inserting gaskets under the elastic elements 7.

In the process of loosening the gaps between the lower planes of the plates 8 and 3 and the buffers II and 13 6 of each working body are established depending on the strength of the soil, i.e. its ability to compress the spring 14. As these gaps decrease with increasing soil strength, approaching optimal values, the dynamic forces of the pins on the frozen material increase.

After installing the unloader using a lifting device, the support frame 1 on the upper rail of the gondola car, the pins 4 abut against the frozen material, and the loading plate 3 is installed with the possibility of vertical movement in the guides 2, compressing the spring 14, rests with the lower plane on the Additional buffers 13. At the same time between the buffers 11 and 13 of the working bodies, and the corresponding lower planes of the plates 8 and 3, gaps are formed, the magnitudes of which are sufficient for their impact.

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After switching on the vibration exciter 9, a three-mass oscillatory system is excited, consisting of the masses of the plate 8, the loading plate 3 and the pins 4 of the tool body not stuck in the dead material. Plates 8 and 3, which are shifted relative to one another in phase by half of the oscillation period, having oscillating movements, collide alternately with their external planes during the same period with the main and additional buffers 11 and 13, respectively, moving the shanks 5 downwards in a directional direction. the sleeves 6 and the pin m 4 connected with them are power impulses, the frequency of which due to the specified interaction — buffers and plates is twice as high as the vibration-excitation-20 l. Under the action of power pulses and compressed springs I4, the pins 4 are inserted into the frozen material, causing it to crack and loosen.

When jamming the pins 4 in the ground, the three-mass oscillating system becomes a two-mass one. Since the mass of the pins 4 is small compared with the masses of the plates 8 and 3, their wedging has little effect on the mode of operation, which at a fixed frequency of the vibration exciter is determined by the masses of the plates and the rigidity of the elastic and buffer elements 7 and 10 connecting them.

After the pins reach the lowest position, the unloader is relocated along the length of the gondola and the cycle is repeated. When lifting unloader

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Buffer pads 12 are pressed by the springs 14 to the upper plane of the plate 3 and, when the pins 4 are wedged, serve to pull them out of the dead material. For this, vibration exciter 9 is briefly turned on, and pin 4 is directed upward power pulses.

Invention Formula

Claims (2)

1. Vibro-shock unloader of frozen free-flowing materials, containing a guide frame mounted on the upper wiring of the gondola and mounted in it with the possibility of vertical movement of the working body in the form of a plate with pins and associated with shock absorbers and buffer elements, different loading plate with vibration exciter By the fact that, in order to improve efficiency, each pin is mounted for movement in a vertical plane relative to the plate, provided with a buffer for interacting with the lower the plane of the loading plate and the buffer gasket to interact with the upper plane of the plate, each pin being proprietary relative to the latter. 2. The unloader according to Claims 1, Tl and - by the fact that each pin is provided with an additional buffer for interacting with the bottom plane of the plate.  / / XX / n Figg Editor I. Casard Compiled by M. Layko Tehred L. Serdyukova Order 6108/22 Circulation 776 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Proofreader B. But ha