SU1351718A1 - Method and apparatus for cinematic crushing of chips - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metalworking and m. used in kinematic crushing chips. The aim of the invention is to develop a cj7e / chip breaking efficiency, to improve the quality of vibration treatment, to simplify the design of the device for performing kinematic crushing of chips. The piston rod 4 of the cylinder 3 of the cylinder 1 is hollow and rigidly connected to the housing 5 of the membrane cartridge, and the pusher 7 is located in the hollow rod and connected to the caliper 8 carrying the tool 9, Tool 9 is informed by a constant feed 5 and additional non-harmonic oscillations including incision in the workpiece and tap, the time of which is set equal time one turn of the workpiece. The embedding time into the workpiece is set equal to 1 / 3-1 / 6 of the turnover time of the workpiece, and the range of oscillations of the tool is set by the ratio L C-So, where C is 1.2-1.3; Sp - feed per revolution of the workpiece. 2 sec. f-ly, 2 ill. / I 3offafffufef i / hydraulic pump (L with -N 00 fi8-2 ff / rr ee / oc / nof / tft / t /

Description

 one

The invention relates to metalworking and can be used in the cutting of viscous metals and alloys on turning and other equipment.

The purpose of the invention is to increase chip breaking efficiency, improve the quality of vibratory processing and simplify the design of devices for performing kinematic crushing of chips.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the trajectory of movement of the cutter tip, before scanning the cylindrical surface of the workpiece, illustrating the proposed method of kinematic crushing; in fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the inventive method as applied to hydraulically driven turning lathes.

In accordance with the scheme in FIG. 1, the proposed method of kinematic crushing of chips is carried out as follows.

For a uniform movement of the instrument (thin parallel lines a b, b c, c d, d d, e f, e, f, c and t, e) effected from the machine support, I impose a variable movement according to the law of an unequal triangle (bold The lines A, B, B-B / G, D, EE, F, Z.I, etc.) are broken, carried out from the generator of additional oscillatory movements of the instrument. In this case, the short side of the oscillation triangle corresponds to the embedding stage, and the long one - to the step of removing the tool from the workpiece. As a result of algebraic addition of continuous and oscillatory motions. insertion feed at the initial stage of processing (section A, B) Sg., So + S, where SQ is a constant feed per spindle revolution, carried out from the machine's feed mechanism — an additional feed from the oscillator motion generator of the tool. The feed B is taken equal to dK, where D is the amplitude (doubled amplitude) of oscillations, the magnitude of which, in order to ensure guaranteed cutting of the chip element, sets a larger feed rate Sg 1.2-1.3 times; K - coefficient of additional increase in feed equal to 360 /., (L - angle of rotation of the machine spindle during

five

17

o.

50

0 35 0 45 50 55

18, 2.

embedding in degrees. On the basis of experimental data, the optimal range of the values of "i is 60-120, which corresponds to the values of the coefficient K 6-3.

At angles o / fp 4 60 (k 6), the intensity of the time increases significantly (the undercut, which leads to a decrease in tool life, when the cut / p 120 (K, 3) the cut thickness increases and the roughness of the treated surface deteriorates.

When the value of L C – S (C 1.2–1.3) is reached, the direction of the motion component is reversed relative to the helical path (section B, C – C, D). The duration of this machining section is taken to be equal to the duration of one revolution of the workpiece, therefore, carried out from the generator of oscillatory movements of the tool, the additional feed of the reverse stroke is equal to Zd.d. C S. Therefore, the total value of the supply of withdrawal S, - ZoGr .. - So С S, - S, - 1) 0.2 - ... - 0.3 So. I

At the intersection point P of the inverse

B, B-B, T, and .pr-my-, B of the screw processing lines of the cutter come out of the contact with the workpiece, which ensures guaranteed cutting of the chip element. With further reversal of the cutter in; point G falls on the original screw path (line b, c), which means the end of the first cycle of the proposed cutting method. Thus, taking into account angles 4 arg, the total angle of rotation of the workpiece for a single double tool stroke, i.e. behind

one cutting cycle, rf o

6t

.otoTg- 360

K + 1

- ™ + 360 ----- .360 Кк

or in

k + 1

TO

After the spindle turns, then the next cutting cycle begins. In section D, D, the cutter is first idled, then (at point P) it crashes into the workpiece and moves in the forward direction until it reaches the specified value l C Sc ,. In section D, E, the cutter moves in the opposite direction, forming the second chip element (shaded completely with 1 thin lines); on the section EZH, the movement of the cutter in the opposite direction is continued31

The formation of the second chip element continues (shaded dash-dotted thin lines). At the point ITj of the intersection of the straight line DG and the reverse DE - EZ of helix lines, the cutter again comes out of contact with the processed layer of the workpiece (the second chip element is cut off). In the section ZHZ, the cutter again moves forward rapidly and at the point P crashes into the workpiece. In the area of ZI and IK there is a return tap and exit at the point P of the tool from contact with the surface to be treated. The third chip element is cut off (shaded with reverse thin solid and dash-dotted lines). The thickness of the cut elements does not exceed the amount of 4-inset (C Se) and remains constant over most of the length of the element, which favorably affects the dynamics of the cutting process and the quality of the surface to be processed.

With further repetition of the described motion cycles of the cutter, continuous (drain) chips are cut into a number of individual elements.

The device for carrying out the proposed kinematic chip breaking method shown in FIG. 2 includes a main feed hydraulic cylinder 1 fed from the machine station, the throttle 2 included in the drain line of the power hydraulic cylinder 1, the piston 3, the stem 4 of which is filled into a hollow sleeve rigidly bonded to the housing 5 of a double-cavity membrane cartridge; membrane 6, made for example of polyurethane and deafly embedded in the housing 5, a pusher 7 rigidly attached to the membrane 6, with the free end lkatel passed through the inner hollow portion of the stem and, either directly or through-transmitted accurately converting mechanism acts on the support 8 carrying the cutting tool 9. "

The device works as follows.

When the main feed hydraulic actuator is turned on, the piston 3 with the rod 4 of the power cylinder 1 gets motion with the feed rate So defined by the throttle 2. At the same time both cavities of the power cylinder 1 are almost under the same pressure

By the use of Pp, since the choke 2 is located in the drain line of the hydraulic cylinder 1, usually lPf, acf is set within 2-4 MPa. Together with the rod 4, the case 5 of the membrane cartridge, deafly embedded in the case 5 of the membranes 6 with the pusher 7, the links of the transmission-transforming mechanism (in the case of introducing it into the device) and the support 8 of the machine with the tool 9, are rigidly fastened with it.

At the same time, when the machine spindle is turned on, an additional autonomous hydraulic system begins to work, providing alternate supply of working fluid to the left and right cavities of the membrane cartridge. Periodic increase of pressure in the cavity of the membrane cartridge causes periodic deflection of the central part of the membrane to the left and right sides, and, consequently, the generation of oscillatory movements of an actuating rod rigidly connected with it, moving with a constant feed S,. Thus, the main and additional oscillatory Caliper 8 movement of the machine.

When specifying the law of oscillatory displacements of the membrane in accordance with the proposed method, the drainage chips are cut into individual elements with the most favorable dynamics of the cutting process.

When pressure is applied in the cavity of the membrane cartridge, the membrane 6 is deflected from the center to the periphery, and therefore, oscillatory movements of the housing 5 relative to its rod 4 are impossible, because the piston 3 of the main feed is firmly attached to the columns 4 and the housing 5 of the membrane cartridge under the pressure of the working fluid in the hydraulic cylinder 1,

Formula

and 3

gaining

1. A method of kinematic crushing of chips, according to which a tool is informed of a constant feed and additional non-harmonic oscillations, including plunging into the workpiece and retraction, the time of which is set equal to the time of one revolution of the workpiece, which differs 513

Sch and with the fact that, in order to improve the efficiency of crushing chips while improving the quality of processing, the plunging time is set to 1 / 3-1 / 6 turnaround time of the workpiece, and the oscillation range of the tool is set by the ratio and С-So, where С 1, 2-1,3, 8 „- feed per revolution of the workpiece,

2. Device for kinematic crushing of chips for cutting machines with hydraulic drive feed containing power hydrotsi

18

the caliper feed lindr connected to the hydraulic system of the machine through a throttle, and a membrane cartridge with a pusher for oscillating tool movement connected to an autonomous hydraulic system, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design, the piston rod of the power supply hydraulic cylinder is hollow and rigidly connected to the body a membrane cartridge, the latter being located in the hollow stem and connected to a caliper.

A cf

Editor A. Ogar

Compiled by V. Semenov Tehred A. Kravchuk

З1к1Г5522 / 10, Circulation 970

VNIIPI State Committee LOUf

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4 / i

Production and printing company.

fi &

Proofreader O. Kravtsov Subscription

. Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (2)

Claim 1. A method of kinematic crushing of chips, according to which the tool is informed of a constant feed and additional non-harmonic oscillations, including cutting into the workpiece and retraction, the time of which is set equal to the time of one revolution of the workpiece, different in that, in order to increase the efficiency of chip crushing when quality improvement processing time insertion is set to 1 / 3-1 / 6 preform turnover time and sweep the tool vibrations is set by the ratio of a - C'S _O, where C = 1,2-1,3j S _o - zag feed per revolution Preparations 19 2. A device for the kinematic crushing of chips to metal cutting machines with a hydraulic feed drive, comprising a power hydraulic support feed cylinder connected to the hydraulic system of the machine through a throttle, and a membrane cartridge with a pusher for oscillating movement of the tool, connected to an autonomous hydraulic system, which distinguishes the system with in order to simplify the design, the piston rod of the power supply hydraulic cylinder is hollow and rigidly connected to the body of the membrane cartridge, the pusher of the latter being located in the hollow rod It is associated with a caliper. figs!