SU1307272A1 - Device for diagnostic checking of friction units of mechanisms with rotating members - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to bearing industry. It will be used in mechanical engineering, engineering and other industries to diagnose the friction units of mechanisms with rotating elements, which primarily include ball bearings, slide bearings, etc. The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics of the technical state of mechanisms with rotating elements. The goal is achieved by the fact that the known device is equipped with an analog multiplexer, an envelope allocation unit, an analog-digital converter, a microcomputer, a control unit and intermediate memory blocks, digital-analog converters, large-scale amplifiers. The evaluation of the technical condition of the bearing assembly of the mechanism is carried out taking into account the interrelation of the influence of local defects and defects in the manufacture and assembly of elements of the bearing assembly, with the spectral characteristics of the vibration of the mechanism being examined. 1 il. with (L GHE

Description

11307272

The invention relates to bearing industry and can be advantageously used to diagnose the friction units of mechanisms with rotating elements.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis.

The drawing is a diagram of the proposed device.

Device for diagnosing ball bearings of mechanisms with rotating elements contains vibration transducer connected in series

is carried out using a reference mechanism with minimal defects in the elements of the bearing assembly (shape deviations, distortions, lack of local defects), while tuning and selecting the bandwidth / sfg of frequency analyzer filters occurs so that the distribution law of the amplitude envelope of the narrowband process at the filter output had norfO

the maximum distribution, which is characterized by the magnitude of the excess E, for the initial state (by local

1, mounted on a bearing (defect) defects of the bearing elements of the object of study, matching the mechanism assembly. Resonant frequency amplifier 2, frequency analyzer from fg filters are selected depending on

a set of parallel filters 3, analog multiplexer 4, envelope selection block 5, analog-to-digital converter 6, block 7 of inputting information into the microcomputer, microcomputer 8, block 9 of outputting information from the microcomputer, control block 10, block 11 of the intermediate memory, block 12 digital-analogue converters, a block 13 of large-scale amplippers, and also a display device 14, the output of the matching amplifier 2 being connected to the corresponding signal inputs of a set of parallel filters

The 3 frequency analyzer and the filter outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the analog multiplexer 4, the second input of the control unit 10 is connected to the output of the microcomputer 8, the information input of the intermediate memory unit 11 is connected to the output of the information output unit 9 from the microcomputer, the outputs of the large-scale 13 unit. Leu are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the parallel filters 3 of the frequency analyzer, the address input of the analog multiplexer

4 is connected to the address output of the control unit 10, and the input of the information display device 14 is connected to the corresponding output of the microcomputer 8.

20

on the type of diagnosed manufacturing and assembly defect of the bearing

25

knot (deviation of the form, distortions of elements, etc.,). The same defect in the manufacture and assembly of elements of the bearing assembly can occur at different information frequencies of the vibration spectrum. Thus, the filter set of the frequency analyzer is p parallel channels with the number of filters in each channel n, where p is the number of diagnosed manufacturing and assembly defects; and n is the number of information frequencies characterizing this kind of defect.

"When selecting the passbands of the filters, corresponding to 1x the initial state of the elements of the bearing assembly of the mechanism, the vibrator 1 is installed on the bearing shield

40 operating reference mechanism and converts vibrations into electrical signals, which are amplified by matching amplifier 2. Further, electrical signals are sent to the signal

The 4 inputs of the filters of the frequency analyzer 3, the resonant frequencies of the filters are tuned to the pre-calculated information frequencies of diagnosed manufacturing and assembly defects, and the device operates as follows by filter bandwidth (Q) at the initial time point due to the position of the information frequencies relative to each other in the vibration spectrum, which provides, with installation voltages, on the control inputs of the filters coming from the corresponding;: -: outputs of the box amplifier unit :: ;; : 5 the same time from the address output block

at once.

In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics, the device operates in the Training mode before directly diagnosing the technical condition of the bearing assembly of the mechanism under study with rotating elements (electric motor, gearbox). Training mode

carried out using a reference mechanism with minimal defects in the elements of the bearing assembly (shape deviations, distortions, absence of local defects), while tuning and selecting the bandwidth / s fg of frequency analyzer filters occurs so that the distribution law of the amplitude envelope of the narrowband process the output of the filter had a hole

on the type of diagnosed manufacturing and assembly defect of the bearing

knot (deviation of the form, distortions of elements, etc.,). The same defect in the manufacture and assembly of elements of the bearing assembly can occur at different information frequencies of the vibration spectrum. Thus, the frequency analyzer filter set is p parallel channels with the number of filters in each channel n, where p is the number of manufacturing and assembly defects diagnosed; and n is the number of information frequencies characterizing this kind of defect.

When selecting the passbands of the filters, corresponding to the 1x initial state of the elements of the bearing assembly of the mechanism, the vibrator 1 is installed on the bearing shield

a working reference mechanism and converts vibrations into electrical signals, which are amplified by matching amplifier 2. Further, electrical signals are sent to the signal

the inputs of the filters of frequency analyzer 3, the resonant frequencies of the filters are tuned to the pre-calculated information frequencies of diagnosed manufacturing and assembly defects, and the passbands of the filters (Q) at the initial time point are due to the position of the information frequencies relative to each other in the vibration spectrum, which is provided by the installation voltages control inputs of the filters coming from the corresponding;: -: outputs of the block of large-scale amplifiers :: ;; : 5 the same time from the address output of the last 1st filter 3 of the frequency analyzer from the address output of the control unit 10 to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4 receives the binary combination of the final address, 5 according to which the analog multiplexer 4 turns off the filter 3 outputs of the frequency analyzer from the input of the envelope selection block 5, wherein the information display device 10 displays the text End of Learning, and the microcomputer 8 goes into standby mode.

When the device is in mode

envelope selection block 5. From the output of the envelope selection block 5, the signal through the analog-to-digital converter 6 in binary code is fed to the input of the information input unit 7 in the microcomputer, where it is converted into the microcomputer codes, then the signal enters the microcomputer 8.

The computer 8, in accordance with the software, calculates the mathematical expectation of the magnitude of the amplitude envelope as well as the magnitude of the kurtosis Ed of the one-dimensional density of probabilities Diagnostics block 10 of the control p 15 (Ad) instantaneous values of the button Diagnostics switches its inputs and outputs as follows : the output of control unit 10 is disconnected from the input of block I1 of the intermediate memory, the address output is connected to the address input of analog multiplexer 4, the first input of control unit 10 from lyuchaets from the output information output unit 9 of

the bulk envelope at the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer. The calculation of the value of Ad and Ed is recorded in the memory of the microcomputer 8. After 20 completion of the calculations from the output of the micro-computer, the synchronizing pulse goes to the second input of the control unit 10, according to which the address output of the control unit 10

microcomputer, the second input of the control unit 10 — the address input of the analog multilenium is connected to the output of the microcomputer 8; the information input of the intermediate memory unit 11 is disconnected from the output of the information output unit 9 of the microcomputer. Pushing; The reset button in the control unit 10 from its address output to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4 receives a zero address signal in accordance with which the analog multiplexer 4 connects the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer to the input of the envelope extraction unit 5. Thus, the device is ready for operation in the Diagnostics mode.

The vibrator 1 is mounted on the bearing shield of the operating mechanism 15 under study and converts the vibrations into electrical signals, which are amplified by the matching amplifier 2 and fed to the inputs of the filters 3 of the frequency analyzer, whose resonant frequencies are selected

the plexer 4 receives the control signal of a certain binary combination, while the analog multiplexer 4 commutes the output of the following

30 of the filter 3 of the frequency analyzer with the input of the block 5 of the envelope selection. Then, the device continues in the same way until the microcomputer 8 calculates the Adg and Edg values of the vibration signal at the output of the last filter 3 of the frequency analyzer, and the control unit 10 in accordance with the synchronizing pulse coming from the output of the microcomputer 8 to the second the input, sends to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4 a control signal of the end address, which, by analogy, the analog multiplexer 4 switches off the outputs of frequency analyzer 3 from the input of block 5 of the bending. Then the microcomputer 8, using the stored Adg and Edj values with

each frequency analysis filter 3, in accordance with the information clock, calculates the values of diagnosed defects of defects in manufacturing and assembly defects, preparation and assembly, and the bandwidth s / d and the values L j Edj / E ° t, localizing defects of the elements of the bearing unit of the mechanism under study 55. The results of the calculations of Gr and L from the output of the microcomputer 8 are fed to the input of the information display device 14, which performs the display of the diagnostic results.

Can filters are selected and configured in the Training mode. The analog multiplexer 4, in accordance with the incoming command from the address output of the control unit 10, transmits a signal from the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer to the input

envelope selection block 5. From the output of the envelope selection block 5, the signal through the analog-to-digital converter 6 in binary code is fed to the input of the information input unit 7 in the microcomputer, where it is converted into the microcomputer codes, then the signal enters the microcomputer 8.

The computer 8 in accordance with the software calculates the mathematical expectation of the magnitude of the amplitude envelope, as well as the magnitude of the kurtosis Ed of the one-dimensional probability density p (Ad) of the instantaneous values of the amplitude envelope at the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer. The calculation of the value of Ad and Ed is recorded in the memory of the microcomputer 8. After 20 completion of the calculations from the output of the micro-computer, the synchronizing pulse goes to the second input of the control unit 10, according to which the address output of the control unit 10

the plexer 4 receives the control signal of a certain binary combination, while the analog multiplexer 4 commutes the output of the following

30 of the filter 3 of the frequency analyzer with the input of the block 5 of the envelope selection. Then, the device continues in the same way until the microcomputer 8 calculates the Adg and Edg values of the vibration signal at the output of the last filter 3 of the frequency analyzer, and the control unit 10 in accordance with the synchronizing pulse coming from the output of the microcomputer 8 to the second the input, sends to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4 the control signal of the end address, which, by analogy, the analog multiplexer 4 disconnects the outputs of frequency analyzer 3 from the input of block 5 of the bending. Then micro vm 8, using the recorded values in memory and Adg with Edj

When the control is sent to the address input of the analog multiplexer, a signal is received, which is a binary combination of the zero address, and the output of the analog multiplexer 4 transmits a signal from the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer. From the output of the analog multiplexer 4, the time signal characterizing the instantaneous values of the vibrating signal at the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer enters the selection block 5 with an guitar, where the detection takes place, i.e. selection of amplitude face transducers, where it is converted from a digital form to an analog one, and supplied to the block 13 of large-scale amplifiers. The signal from the first output of the block 13 scale amplifiers of the incoming input signal. From the output of the envelope selection block 5, the signal is fed to the input of an analog-to-digital converter 6, where the analog signal is converted into a binary code. Yes- to the control input of the first filter information about the amplitude 3 of the frequency analyzer and narrowing the envelope in the digital code enters the information input unit 7 in the microcomputer, which transforms the passband of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer. The process of narrowing the bandwidth of the first filtering of the input digital code in ra-25 ra 3 of the frequency analyzer is extended by microcomputer codes 8. Microcomputer 8 calculates the expected value of amplitude envelope A, as well as the magnitude of kurtosis E. One-dimensional probability density P (A ) the instantaneous values of the amplitude envelope of the vibration signal at the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer. Calculating expectation A, and

is pressed until the value of E of one-dimensional probability density p (Aj) of instantaneous amplitude envelope values of the vibrating signal at the output

30 of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer reaches the value of E. E. With the value from the address output of the control unit 10 to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4, a new binary combination is received, according to which the analog multiplexer 4 switches the output of the next filter 3 of the frequency analyzer with the input of the selection unit 5

the coefficient of kurtosis E is produced in accordance with the microcomputer program previously entered into the memory. The result of the calculation A is in the memory of the microcomputer 8, as a result of the calculation of the 40 envelope. In this case, the bandwidth E through the output device 9 of the first filter is recorded in the information from the microcomputer in binary code at the first input of the control unit 10 and at the same time with the information on the voltage value at the control input of the filter, the value of which is determined by the storage input block 11, an intermediate 45 is located in the first cell of the block 11, while the second input of the control unit 10 from the output of microcomputer 8 receives a synchronizing signal, which is a pulse that accompanies the output From the microcomputer, information about the value of E. From the output of control unit 10, the synchronization signal is fed to the input of block 1I of the intermediate memory, in which the sync memory of information about the value of E calculated at the previous step, and from the output of control unit 10, the synchronized signal is fed to 50 the input of block 11 of the intermediate memory, where it synchronizes the recording of information about the value of E, the next filter in

the corresponding cell of block 11 of the intermediate memory. Setup process

It records the information on the bandwidth of all filters 3, E, received through the information frequency analyzer, the sequential input to the first cell of block 11 — but continues in the same way.

intermediate memory where stored

until the arrival of the next sync pulse, which accompanies the information about the changed value of E. At the same time from the address output of block 10

control to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4 continuously receives a binary combination of zero address, supporting switching of the output of the first filter 3 of the frequency

analyzer with analog multiplexer 4 output to the value of Е Е value. From the output of block 11 of the intermediate memory, information about the value of E enters the block 12 of digital-to-analog converters, where it is converted from a digital form to an analog, and enters the block 13 of large-scale amplifiers. The signal from the first output of the block 13 of the scale amplifiers is fed to the control input of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer and narrows

em to the control input of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer and reduces

bandwidth of the first filter 3 frequency analyzer. The process of narrowing the bandwidth of the first filter 25 of the 3rd frequency analyzer is

is pressed until the value of E of one-dimensional probability density p (Aj) of instantaneous amplitude envelope values of the vibrating signal at the output

30 of the first filter 3 of the frequency analyzer reaches the value of E. E. With the value from the address output of the control unit 10 to the address input of the analog multiplexer 4, a new binary combination is received, according to which the analog multiplexer 4 switches the output of the next filter 3 of the frequency analyzer with the input of the selection unit 5

40 envelope. At the same time, the pass band of the first filter is fixed in

envelope. At the same time, the pass band of the first filter is fixed in

in accordance with the voltage value at the input of the control input of the filter, the value of which is determined by the one stored in the first cell of the unit 11

interim memory of information about the value of E, calculated at the previous step, and from the output of control unit 10, the synchronizing signal goes to 50 input of block 11 of intermediate memory, where it synchronizes the recording of information about the value of E, the next filter in

the corresponding cell of block 11 of the intermediate memory. Setup process

the bandwidths of all filters 3 of the frequency analyzer are consistently continued in the same way.

After setting the bandwidth

713

Thus, the device in the Learning mode determines and sets the working bandwidth of the filters 3 of the frequency analyzer according to the parameters of excess E for the normal law of the distribution of the amplitude envelope values of the narrowband process at the output of the filters; in the Diagnostics mode, it calculates the values of the mathematical expectation of the amplitude envelope Af, the excess Ef of the spectral characteristics of the vibration of the mechanism under study, determines the magnitudes of manufacturing and assembly defects and the nature of local damage to the elements of the subvoltage of mechanisms with rotating elements.

This device, in contrast to the known, allows determining the technical condition of the bearing assembly of the mechanism both by the size of manufacturing and assembly defects, and by the presence of local defects of the bearing assembly elements, and the defects of the bearing assembly of the mechanism are evaluated taking into account the interrelation of the spectral characteristics of vibration with parameters of disturbing influences from. manufacturing and assembly defects and local defects, which increases the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic results.

The interrelation of the spectral characteristics of the vibration of the mechanism under study with the disturbing effects of manufacturing and assembly defects and local defects can be represented by the following functional relationships:

Ae F, (gr); E, do (aJ) 1 (1) Its FjCFj F dj (a); F2p (rp)

and

where f

tp

2P

- disturbing influences (dJlaj),

Feedj (aj)

VIA due to Bern

production and assembly of Gy of the elements of the bearing assembly (1, 6);

- disturbing effects caused by local defects (1).

Q it is possible to reduce time and material costs, increase the versatility of the device, since the microeleumatics embedded in the memory are used to calculate diagnostic parameters: matte, .. waiting for the amplitudes of the vibropowder defects from the characteristics of the information frequencies of defects, the excess amplitude distribution filter bandwidth, perturbing effects of defects, transfer functions, weight coefficients, etc. in general, the dp mechanisms of the same type of functional value are valid; variable parameters, for example, constructive, rigid, are entered as input data. When conducting diagnostic studies on the mechanisms of various functional purposes of changes. Thus, the evaluation of defects in the elements of the bearing assembly is carried out in accordance with the following functional dependencies (discriminant functions):

D)

five

0

Le.M

weighting coefficients of the value of the expectation value and the excess of the amplitude envelope at the output of each filter of the frequency analyzer with approximation by linear or quadratic dependencies

functions 1 / and 1/2 (1, 1).

The device allows to significantly increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics of the technical condition of the bearing assemblies of mechanisms, especially under operating conditions without disrupting the normal functioning

5 mechanisms at any stage of its active existence. The device makes it possible to automate the Learning stage, during which the resonant frequencies and bandwidths

The 0 filters of the frequency analyzer are selected taking into account the dependence of the spectral characteristics of vibration simultaneously on manufacturing, assembly and local defects using the reference mechanism with the original technical condition of the bearing assembly. The device allows both at the Training stage and at the Diagnostics stage to significantly reduce the time and material costs, to increase the versatility of the device, since the memory-embedded micro-computer formula for calculating diagnostic parameters:

Only the microcomputer software is used and the resonant frequencies of the frequency analyzer filters are tuned.

Formula inventions 5

A device for diagnostics of the units of friction of mechanisms with rotary-chisy elements, containing a vibration transducer connected in series, a matching amplifier, a frequency analyzer, and also an information display device, characterized in that

microcomputer, control unit, intermediate memory unit, digital-analog converters unit, scale amplifiers unit, the output of the matching amplifier is connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the parallel filters of the frequency analyzer, the outputs of the filters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the analog multiplexer, the second input of the control unit is connected the output of the microcomputer, the information input of the intermediate memory unit is connected to the output of the information output unit from the microcomputer,

accuracy and reliability of diagnostics 15 outputs of the block of large-scale amplifiers

the technical state of the mechanisms with rotating elements, the device is equipped with series-connected analog multiplexer, connected to the corresponding controls of the parallel filters of the frequency analyzer, the address input of the analog multiplexer by the envelope selection button, analog-digital 20 with the address output of the control unit a flat converter, a laziness input unit, and an input of a digital information display device in a microcomputer, micro information is connected to the corresponding computer, an inf Formations from the microcomputer output.

Editor N. Shvydka

Compiled by I. Baranov Tehred V. Kadar

Order 1621/39 777. Subscription

VNIIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries ri3035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

1307272

ten

microcomputer, control unit, intermediate memory unit, digital-to-analog converter unit, scale amplifiers unit, the output of the matching amplifier is connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the parallel filters of the frequency analyzer, the outputs of the filters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the analog multiplexer, the second input of the control unit is connected to the output a microcomputer, the information input of the intermediate memory unit is connected to the output of the information output unit from the microcomputer,

outputs of the block of scale amplifiers

Proofreader L, Pilipenko

Claims (1)

Claim A device for diagnosing friction units of mechanisms with rotating elements, comprising a vibration transformer connected in series, a matching amplifier, a frequency analyzer, and an information display device, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnosing the technical condition of mechanisms with rotating elements, the device is equipped with series-connected analog multiplexer, envelope selection unit, analog-to-digital converter, digital info input unit microcomputer, microcomputer, information output unit from 7272 10 microcomputers, a control unit, an intermediate memory unit, a digital-to-analogue converter unit, a scale amplifier unit, the output being 5 matching amplifier is connected to the corresponding signal inputs of parallel filters of the frequency analyzer, the outputs of the filters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the analog 10th multiplexer, the second input of the control unit is connected to the output of the microcomputer, the information input of the intermediate memory unit is connected to the output of the information output unit from the microcomputer, 15 outputs of the large-scale block amplifiers are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the parallel filters of the frequency analyzer, the address input of the analog multiplex ora soe20 of the connections with the address output control unit, and the input information display apparatus connected to the output of the microcomputer.