SU1304925A1 - Method of separating granular mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and m. used in other areas of the national economy for the separation (C) of sensible materials. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of C due to the precise installation of the feeder flap. The components of the granular mixture are fed to an inclined friction surface oscillating in the plane of the largest slope. Experimentally choose the installation height of the valve flap. It is installed in the position per unit of time of a number of grains equal to K min (, / P d, where V, V, j are the average velocities of movement of grains of opposite fractions up and down along the friction surface; P, and PJ are the fraction of grains of opposite grains fractions in the granular mixture; d (and di are the average sizes of grains of opposite fractions. At this position of the flap, a sample C is sampled. The results of test C are used to calculate the coefficient of grain extraction and compare the obtained value with the standard. Then the height of the measurement is measured are d times, where LK / (K + dK); & K (k,) (2-6) "K with kk, & K (0.02-0.06) K with kk, k, is the coefficient of extraction of grains according to the results of the trial. С, k is the reference coefficient of extraction. 1 ill. § сл о 4 СО ёл

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and means of post-harvest processing of grain by sorting it and separating seeds of weed plants on vibrating non-perforated friction surfaces and can be used in the mining industry, the construction materials, chemical mechanical engineering, as well as in other branches of the national host) for the separation of bulk materials,

The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance and quality of separation due to the installation of the feeder flap. The drawing shows a vibration separator with an unperforated inclined friction surface oscillating in the plane of the largest slope of grains (seeds), a general view.

The vibrator shaft consists of a feeder 1, a flap 2, which is moved by means of an adjusting screw 3 mounted on a console 4 rigidly connected to the vertical surface of the feeder 1. At the same time, the adjusting screw is rotated by means of a handle 5, which leads to a change in size Outlet 6 feeder. In addition, the vibrating separator contains an unperforated friction surface 7 mounted at an angle d- to the horizon by means of an adjusting mechanism 8 and a hinge 9 mounted: on a vibrating table 10, which is mounted horizontally on an elastic base 11 fixed with a fixed rigid base 12; 13 from the separated fractions and the upper receiver I4 of the separated fractions at the exit from the ends of the friction surface, the vibration exciter 15 with two shafts 16 and the imbalances installed on them 1 7. Controlling the vibration angle of the poop is done using a hinge 18 mounted on the underside of the vibrating table 10 and using the adjusting mechanism 19 In addition, S is the length of the adjusting screw 3 between the flap 2 and the console 4 fastening the adjusting screw 3 to the vertical surface 20 feeder 1.

The method involves the measurement of the proportion of seeds of unlike

fractions in the initial mixture P Р as well as grain sizes (seeds) of dissimilar fractions d and d.

The optimum process of the process on the non-perforated friction surface 7 of the vibrating separator can be achieved only when the grains (seeds) move along the monolayer along. deck surfaces. With this, the maximum quality of the separation process is achieved, since in multi-layered motion, the seeds are churned into opposite fractions. To ensure the maximum number of seeds. processed per unit time on the deck, i.e. in order to ensure maximum productivity without reducing quality, it is necessary that the seeds move along the deck in a monolayer without gaps between the seeds. This process can be considered as optimal. In this case, the simultaneous duplication of seeds is different. registered fractions up and down along the deck monolayer and without gaps between the seeds. However, such a process can not always be achieved in view of the fact that the amplitude, frequency and angle of vibration of the deck determine the speeds of movement of the fractions, and not always their ratio can be satisfied. To ensure the monolayer movement of both fractions simultaneously (up / down), the condition

RNL. P. The condition is explained by the fact that, for the movement of seeds by a monolayer, the supply of seeds, regulated by the flap 2, is carried out so that as the seeds move from the outlet 6 over the surface 7, the distance is equal to the size of the seed, a new seed was delivered, etc. Learn that the fulfillment of such a condition is not always possible. Seed feeding must be carried out on the basis of the seeds of one of the data fractions obtained. In this case, the seeds of this fraction move without monolayer monolayer, and the seeds of the other fraction move monolayer, but with breaks between the seeds, i.e. process quality is not reduced. Moreover, the greater the speed of movement of seeds, the greater the flow, the larger the sizes of the seeds, and the smaller the flow.

The supply of seeds from one fraction per unit of time to surface 7 can be determined by the expression

V.

-. However, this is only a quantity.

d ,, 2 seeds of this fraction. In terms of

for seeds of the initial mixture and taking into account the proportion of seeds of a given fraction in the initial mixture P, the expression for the initial mixture is V, 2

Therefore, based on the lia values of P ,, P, V, ..., V, d and dj, it is possible to calculate the values of the K and Kj supply for both fractions. In this case, for the final determination of the filing K, it is necessary to choose the minimum of the indicated two innings,

 with V V-z 7 K min | ---; --j-jIf the final flow is set at the maximum value of K and Kj, the seeds of the fraction for which the flow is determined are moved with a monolayer without razreshov, and the seeds of the other fraction make a multi-layered movement, which leads to a decrease in quality due to the increase in these seed in the opposite faction.

I

Thus, the proposed method provides for a new action — an experimental selection by rotating the handle 5 and the adjusting screw 3 up and down, the position of the valve relative to the vertical surface 20 of the feeder I, in which the quantity of seeds goes out through the outlet 6 of the feeder

K {Ya. . "", P d,

This action on material objects: a knob, an adjusting screw, a flap, a feeder outlet, is possible only after an experimental calculation — measuring the values of P ,, P, j, V (L) This initial setting of the flap 2 can be done by experimentally adjusting the length of the adjusting screw 3 S and, respectively, the size of the outlet of the feeder 6. By mathematical calculation, it is impossible to determine the size of the outlet 6 and the position of the adjusting screw 3.

After pre-selection. the position of the valve 2 relative to

g vertical surface 20 of the feeder, it is necessary to clarify the position of the valve 2. The need for such clarification is due to the possibility of a more dense placement

O seeds on surface 7 while the seeds retain my layered movement due to the possibility of seeds moving in several rows across the width of the deck. In this case there is the possibility

5 increase the supply and, accordingly, reduce the value of S. On the contrary, the initial installation of the valve 2 leads to the fact that the quality of the process is lower than provided for by GOST.

0 This means the need to reduce the feed and, accordingly, increase the value of S.

To clarify the position of the valve 2, it is necessary to carry out a trial experimental separation of the seed sample. For this exhibit. the amplitude, frequency, and: angle of vibration of the surface are determined by

the vibration exciter 15, the dib balance 17, the adjusting mechanism 19, and the speed of rotation of the shafts 16. With the help of the adjusting mechanism 8, the angle of inclination of the surface 7 to the horizon is established taking into account the technical solution. A sample of seeds is poured into the feeder 1 and includes a vibratory motion of the surface 7. The seeds are divided into two fractions and moved

n To receivers 13 and 14. After carrying out the process, the number of seeds of each component of the initial mixture is measured in the obtained fractions. According to these measurements, the extraction coefficient of the main fraction (seeds of an agricultural crop) is calculated. This coefficient is measured as a percentage and is equal to the ratio of the seeds of the main component that fell into the coQ fraction corresponding to them to the total number of seed data in the original sample. Compare the obtained values with the reference (for different seeds of agricultural crops

f are given in GOST). Based

the values of k and k, the position of the valve is refined by rotating the adjusting screw 3 and by changing its length S between the gate

five

which 2 and the console 4 fasten the adjusting screw to the vertical surface 20 of the feeder 1 L times

1 / L

K + & K

to

DK (and „- k,) (2-6) K at K./k; (0.02-0.06) K

yk

at

H-

 extraction coefficient, calculated 1 experimentally

 reference recovery ratio.

The dependencies used in this method were obtained experimentally in the study of the separation processes of various seed mixtures. If the extraction coefficient k obtained during the experimental separation is less than k. Specified by GOST, it is necessary to reduce the flow by turning the adjusting screw 3 and increasing its length S. If, on the contrary, it is possible to increase the seed supply, and the adjusting screw must be rotated

3 to reduce its length S.

When changing (increasing by a factor of L in the length of the adjusting screw 3 between the flap 2 and the console

4 fastening screw adjustment

to the vertical surface 20 of the feeder 1, the value changes as many times as the output hole 6 of the feeder (by moving the flap 2) and, consequently, the feed of the initial seed material to the surface 7 changes the same amount of the feeder flap until an optimum process is achieved. If the extraction coefficient obtained during the experimental separation of the sample of the initial mixture is equal to the extraction coefficient established for the given culture according to GOST, i.e. ky k, this indicates that the optimal separation process has been achieved or the quantity of seed supplied per unit of time is less than the optimal one, i.e. there is the possibility of a greater compaction of seeds on the surface 7 without losing the quality of the process. In this case, the flap 2 is raised upward with an adjusting screw

the expense of reducing the distance S. In this case, the seed feed increases as long as its further increase leads to a decrease in the quality of the process.

Example. The establishment of the optimal adjustment of the vibratory separator gate valve during the process of dividing buckwheat seeds and wild radish seeds .. The linear sizes of buckwheat seeds d / 6.1 mm are determined by linear measurement; wild radish dg 7.4 mm. By measuring the time for the seeds to pass through the measured area, the speed of movement of the seeds is determined: V, 24.5 mm / s; v 15.6 mm / s. By examining the initial mixture by sorting its seeds of a fixed amount

tva establish that P, 95%; j 5%. By arithmetic calculations, K 253.7 gat / min is determined; Kg 2530 pcs / min. Therefore, K min {K, KJ 253.7 pcs / min. In this way, buckwheat seeds are decisive in the optical installation of the valve.

By moving the adjusting screw of the valve up and down and experimentally counting the number of seeds left by the feeder per unit of time at different positions of the valve, it was determined that at the position of the valve, in which S 137 mm,

equal to 253.7 units / min.

The vibration amplitude is 1.3 mm; the frequency of rotation of the shafts of the vibration exciter, and hence the oscillation of surface 7, is 166 s; using the tilt of the vibration exciter set the angle of vibration of 32 °. With the help of the regulating mechanism, the angle of inclination of the surface to the horizon is set at 8 °,

1000 seeds of the initial mixture of buckwheat plus dick radish are taken, they are poured into the feeder and the exciter is switched on, thereby causing the surface 7 of the vibratory separator to be caged. Conduct experimental separation of the seed sample until all 1000 seeds appear in the upper or lower receiver. Due to the revision of both received fractions and counting the seeds of both fractions in them, it was established that for buckwheat k

 98.5% or ku 0.985. At the same time

GOST .k, 100%.

Calculate the L value required to clarify the position of the flap, L 1.064. At the same time, the new specified value of the length of the adjustment screw between the flap and the console is S 145.8 mm. To do this, you need to rotate the adjusting screw with its handle to achieve its length equal to 145.8 mm, which will lead to a decrease in the outlet orifice and seed supply.

The process of separation of 1000 seeds of the initial mixture is repeated. Get ky 100% or ky 1. Taking into account that the seed supply is k - 238.4 gat / min, a new value of L 0.971 is obtained. Therefore, the new S. 141.6 mm. For this, it is necessary to reduce the length of the adjusting screw due to its unscrewing relative to the mounting bracket.

The process of separation of 1000 seeds of the initial mixture is repeated. Get kj 100% or ky 1. At the same time feed 245.5 units / min. The new value is L 0.98. Therefore, the new S-138.8 mm. After installing the adjusting screw with a length of 138.8 mm and carrying out the separation and 1000 seeds, it was established that kj is 99.1%. Consequently, the last change in the length of the adjusting screw to 138.8 mm leads to a deterioration in the quality of the process, which is unacceptable.

Thus, the optimal setting of the vibratory separator feeder gate when separating buckwheat and wild radish seeds is such a setting where the flap is located relative to the vertical plane of the feeder so that the length of the adjusting screw between the flap and the console of fastening the screw to the vertical surface of the separator is 141 6 mm. This ensures the achievement of the maximum value of the extraction coefficient, which is equal to that specified in GOST, as well as the amount of the mixture to be processed per unit of time, due to the maximum possible supply from the quality assurance conditions.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of separation of granular mixtures, which includes feeding the components of the granular mixture onto an inclined friction surface oscillating in the plane of the largest slope, selecting the installation height of the feeder flap, collecting the separated grains at the descent from the upper and lower ends of the friction surface differing from that the purpose of increasing the productivity and quality of separation due to the precise setting of the feeder flap, the latter is set to the position in a unit of time, the number of grains equal to TO mm . Mr. V Vo -A, P7dJ V and V - average speeds of movement of grains of different fractions up and down along the friction surface; Р and Р, 2 fractional content of grains of opposite fractions in the granular mixture; d and d are the average sizes of grains of opposite fractions, this flap position provides sample separation of grains and, based on the results of a test, calculate the extraction coefficient n, compare the values obtained with the reference and the installation height of the feeder is changed from S; dK (k,) (2-6) K with k k; LC (0.02-0.06) K with k k;  coefficient of extraction of grains according to the results of trial separation; k is the reference recovery factor. S Compiled by O. Popov Editor N. Tupitsa Tehred M. Khodanych Proofreader E. Roshko Order 1367/9 Circulation 539Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries M3035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4