SU1299701A1 - Core for casting hollow ingots - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to the manufacture of hollow ingots. The purpose of the invention is to increase the durability of the rod and the expansion of technological capabilities. The rod consists of a steel shell 1, on the inner surface of which a cladding layer of an alloy with a linear expansion coefficient is made, which is 1.1-1.6 times higher than the coefficient of linear expansion of the shell material. the cut plane is tangential to the diameter of the shell. The cladding layer can be made of vertically arranged and interconnected in the form of pipes -, 5. When using a rod with a cladding layer, additional conditions are created to facilitate the removal of the rod from the cavity. 1 hp ff, 8 ill. (L Fiy.v

Description

one

The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to the manufacture of hollow ingots,

The purpose of the invention is to increase durability and expansion of technological capabilities.

FIG. the core is shown schematically; figure 2 - section aa in Fig, 1; 3–4 shows the manufacturing sequence of the rod; FIG. 5 shows a rod, the cladding layer of which is made in the form of bandages distributed along the length of the rod, a section; FIG. 6 is the same, with a cladding layer made of welded pipes, a section; FIG. 7 is a section BB in FIG. 6; in fig. 8 - node I in fig. 7 (in an enlarged view),.

The core consists of a steel shell} of thickness S | and length L, on the inner surface of which the cladding layer 2 is deposited with a thickness S ,, At that, the linear expansion coefficient of the deposited plastering layer cij exceeds 1.1, 1.6 times the linear expansion coefficient of the base layer oi, i.e. . Ny (t, 1,.,

fO

f5

20

25

After cutting the shell, the plugs are removed and the edges of the cut due to elastic stresses (due to the difference ci and oi,) are tightly closed, forming a single plane.

Then, the outer surface of the shell is machined, in which step C is removed after compression (Fig. 4), and a rod is obtained in the form of a split two-layer shell, the edges of which are flush with its outer surface.

The sequence of manufacturing rods shown in Figures 5 and 6 is similar to the previous one. The difference is that the plaster layer in the rod of Fig. 5 is deposited in the form of bandages 4 of the bulk Sj and of the length S, which are evenly spaced on the length L. In the design of the rod (Fig. 6) the pipes 5, interconnected, zu itself and the inner surface of the shell 1. For

Ul-rHJ OU С / h, poured Ж-1 ц 1 t. c - Ifi "t -r .v - A jj .- - V -" and. f f.tfi

),the God, . On the tangent to the internal welding of tubes, the most effective shell diameter 0 ”is perfect for using the energy of an explosion. With

Dg is complete along its entire length, section 3, with the ends of section a and b tightly fitting one to the other (Fig. 1.2). The core is made in the following sequence. The cladding layer 2 is deposited on the inner surface of the shell (pipes) 1, and the resulting two-layer shell is annealed in order to relieve internal stresses.

This is attached to the inner surface of the shell 1 of metal alla base (for example, by spot welding on

35 ends) of the pipe from the metal of the cladding layer. The pipes are distributed along the inner surface of the shell with some gap between them. At the same time, the inner surface of the shell40

Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients og oi, after annealing the cladding layer, the streaks and the outer surface of the pipes are degreased. Then along the axis of the shell, a vryucha substance is established in the form of a cord, whose length is equal to the length of the shell. Carried out an explosion in

Mits squeeze, but he is not given an outer-armored chamber; a clad layer is obtained. After that, the technical between themselves and the inner surface of the cork from each of the ends (not shown by the shell of the pipes (Fig.6-8), B) are pressed into the two-layer Shchi layer in the form of a monolithically welded shell. the shell is cut with the diameter of the shell and mechanically tangential to the inner surface (milling, planing) of height and mechanically machined from the outside.

The incision is tangential to the inner diameter D, perpendicular to the different incision width along the outer tj, and inner t, diameters. At the same time maintain the ratio

2 Z

tj, - t, (0, .. 0,235),

five

0

five

outer and inner diameters of the shell, respectively;

S - tolpdana shell walls.

After cutting the shell, the plugs are removed and the edges of the cut due to elastic stresses (due to the difference ci and oi,) are tightly closed, forming a single plane.

Then, the outer surface of the shell is machined, in which step C is removed after compression (Fig. 4), and a rod is obtained in the form of a split two-layer shell, the edges of which are flush with its outer surface.

The sequence of manufacturing rods shown in Figures 5 and 6 is similar to the previous one. The difference is that the plaster layer in the rod of Fig. 5 is deposited in the form of bandages 4 of the bulk Sj and of the length S, which are evenly spaced on the length L. In the design of the rod (Fig. 6) the pipes 5, interconnected, zu itself and the inner surface of the shell 1. For

 -g .v - A jj .- - V - “and. f f.tfi

This is attached to the inner surface of the shell 1 of metal alla base (for example, by spot welding on

35 ends) of the pipe from the metal of the cladding layer. The pipes are distributed along the inner surface of the shell with some gap between them. At the same time, the inner surface of the shell40

ki and the outer surface of the pipe degreased. Then along the axis of the shell, a vryucha substance is established in the form of a cord, whose length is equal to the length of the shell. Carried out an explosion in

an armored chamber is provided with a plastering layer in the form of monolithically welded between itself and the inner surface of the shell of pipes (Figures 6 - 8). In the radiated shell, the cut is made tangentially to the inner corner.

and mechanically treated outside.

The rod is operated j as follows.

In the process of pouring the casting mold (mold) with liquid metal and after the end of the casting prior to the beginning of the solidification process (the formation of an unmelted subsequently solid crust), the rod is a two-layer shell with cut ends a and & tightly compressed and constantly under the action of compressive forces R., (figure 2) from the side

 - /

inner cladding layer 2 (, S thickness). Due to the compressive forces P, the possibility of liquid metal penetrating into the gap 3 is eliminated.

Yu la PO all its thickness. This reduces the development of segregation heterogeneity of the metal of the ingot, and its porosity and friability is established. In addition, prerequisites are created

Subsequently, when the ingot solidifies under the action of shrinkage forces

the end plane b of section 3 has.,.

15 for removing the rod at a temperature, the possibility of elastically moving,;

relative to the plane of the end face a, overcoming the force jK Vf. (where p is the friction coefficient), which creates favorable conditions for the relaxation of thermal shrinkage stresses in the ingot body.

After the final solidification, the ingot is removed from the mold (mold) and the core is removed from it. Removing a rod occurs easily, since in this case there are no stresses from. hectare due to thermal shrinkage of the ingot. In addition to the ingot top surface - 600-800 ° C, cht allows hot ingot ingot to be carried out in heating furnaces for the subsequent forging process.

20 This contributes to an increase in the quality of forgings produced from an ingot and a reduction in the labor intensity of ingot heating (fuel and energy costs are reduced).

25 Design of the rod is operable only in those cases when the coefficient of linear expansion of the cladding layer of metal oij exceeds i, 1, ... t, 6 times the coefficient of linear

25 The rod structure is operable only in those cases when the linear expansion coefficient of the cladding metal layer oij exceeds i, 1, ... t, 6 times the coefficient of linear

because the coefficient of linear ep

 J × - .30 base metal expansion. ,

expansion of the cladding layer cxl, large / i l i: / IT

 Ie (X.2 - (. IRI

Above the linear expansion coefficient oi of the base metal (the cladding layer works like a compressed spring) additional conditions are created to facilitate the removal of the rod from the cavity of the ingot.

B. Due to the fact that the compressive force Pjj depends on the cross-sectional area of the cladding layer F (F L S), using rods with different weight; different S, it is possible to regulate the force P ,,.

The principle of operation of the rods, given ot l, about, the force of compression of G. is so small that it does not ensure a tight fit of the ends a and 5. Therefore, in

35 during the process of pouring the liquid metal into the mold, it can penetrate into the rod cavity, which leads to ingot ingress.

With OS 1.6, significant elongation of the cladding occurs.

layer when heated relative to the main layer, and when cooled - its significant shortening, i.e. at

, the bilayer shell is created by the patients in FIGS. 5 and 6, the internal ones are similar in magnitude to the stress. When using the rod shown in figure 5, the regulation

neither, which inevitably leads to the detachment (detachment) of the cladding layer from the base layer, or to the breaking of the wall of the base layer.

P is produced with pomov; and the amount of fused 1 x tires 4, their length

neither, which inevitably leads to the detachment (detachment) of the cladding layer from the base layer, or to the breaking of the wall of the base layer.

Her thickness is $ 2 (F n-l-Sj, where 50 is the number of tires). When using the rods shown in FIG. 6, the force PJ is adjusted using pipes of different diameters, also by

different pipe thickness S ,. . The presence, 55 rhenium ss (14, ..16) 10 1 / hail, and on the inner surface of the rod the main layer of carbon, welded tubes allows low- and medium-alloyed steels to supply coolant to their cavity with a coefficient of linear expansion. - not only after complete cooling down (L (10 ... 12) 10 1 / degrees.

For practical purposes, it is recommended that the cladding layer be made of austenitic chromium-nickel steels having a linear expansion ratio, but also during the solidification process. This allows you to adjust the crystallization process of the ingot and provides an increase in the quality of the ingot,

Since the counter crystallization front created in its central part during the repeated supply of the refrigerant contributes to obtaining the fine-crystalline structure of the metal PO over its entire thickness. This reduces the development of segregation heterogeneity of the metal of the ingot, eliminating its porosity and looseness. In addition, prerequisites are created

,

for recessing the rod at a temperature of;

the ingot surface is 600-800 ° C, which makes it possible to carry out hot ingot ingot into heating furnaces for the subsequent forging redistribution.

This helps to improve quality. forgings made of ingot and reducing ingot heating labor intensity (fuel and energy costs are reduced).

The rod design is operable only in those cases when the linear expansion coefficient of the cladding metal layer oij exceeds i, 1, ... t, 6 times the coefficient of linear

On the other hand, the compressive force of G. is so small that it does not ensure a tight fit of the ends of a and 5. Therefore, in

During the process of pouring the liquid metal into the mold, it is possible for it to penetrate into the rod cavity, which leads to ingot marriage.

When OS 1.6, there is a significant lengthening of the cladding

layer when heated relative to the main layer, and when cooled - its significant shortening, i.e. at

the largest domestic ones

neither, which inevitably leads to the detachment (detachment) of the cladding layer from the base layer, or to the breaking of the wall of the base layer.

rhenium ss (14, ..16) 10 1 / hail, and the main layer is made of carbon, low- and medium-alloyed steels with a linear spacing coefficient (L (10 ... 12) 10 1 / hail.

For practical purposes, a cladding layer is recommended to be made from austenitic chromium-nickel steels having a linear expansion coefficient.

The advantages of the proposed core in comparison with the well-known one are that the rod made in the two-layer shell is characterized by high strength and rigidity, which ensures its repeated use in casting ingots of any mass (up to 500 tons or more); besides by changing

The force P makes it possible to control the degree of flexibility of the rod over wide limits, which makes it possible to obtain high-quality hollow ingots from practically any steel and alloys having different melting points and thermal shrinkage coefficients (during solidification).

Example, When casting a hollow ingot weighing 100 tons, a rod with a length of 1 5200 mm is used in the form of a double-layer split shell with an outer diameter D of 440 mm and an inner diameter of Dg 320 mm. Outer layer of shell with S Tolde | 45 mm carbon steel, 10 (66, 12-10 1 / deg), internal

layer thick S ,,

T 5 mm - from stainless steel 08Х18НЮТ (. 16 to 10 1 / degree) (otg 06,). The core is set into the mold,

after which it is poured with liquid metal. During the ingot crystallization process, the core is introduced periodically after 1.5-2 hours into the internal cavity of the rod.

rod - fridge diameter

300 mm, length 5300 mm. After complete solidification of the metal (/ after 18 h), the core is removed from the cavity of the ingot and then removed

and the ingot itself,

Claims (1)

Invention Formula 1, A core for casting hollow ingots containing a shell with a cut, characterized in that, in order to increase durability and expand technological capabilities, the shell is provided with an inner: cladding layer of alloy with a coefficient of linear expansion exceeding 1.1-1 , 6 times the coefficient of linear expansion of the shell material, and the cut plane is tangential to the shell diameter, 2, The core of the pop, is distinguished by the fact that the cladding layer is made of vertically arranged interconnected along forming pipes. fae. / nat.2 fib.Z FIG, H SL Lg sree five FIG. 7 fi.v Compiled by I.Zhurin Editor S.Lisin Tehred N.Glushchenko 959/9 Circulation 74 Subscription  VNISHI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, Projecto st., 4 Proofreader S. Shekmar