SU1286228A1 - Mass exchange apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the chemical industry and is used for carrying out the processes of absorption, rectification, improves the efficiency of the process by increasing the surface of mass transfer by creating additional droplet contact zones of the phases. The device includes a case. overflow devices, contact pipes, plates. Contact pipes have feed holes and separation holes. The device has figured sleeves fitted in the upper part with truncated cones, the top edge of which is made gear, and every second tooth is bent outwardly of figured sleeves, and the top rows of separation holes are blocked by a cylindrical, part of figured sleeves, on the outer surface of which are arranged opposite to the plane plates. The device has a feed channel and a ring channel. The contact tubes are provided with swirlers and are equipped with additional bushings equipped with petals bent inward, arranged in rows perpendicular to the direction of the spiral channels of the swirlers. 3 h. apt. 7 il. $ (L

Description

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The invention relates to the chemical industry and can be used for carrying out the processes of absorption, rectification, etc.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process by increasing the mass transfer surface by creating additional droplet contact zones of the phases.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed apparatus, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - contact elements, longitudinal section; in fig. 3 shows the node I in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 and 5 - a sweep of an additional sleeve with petals bent inward at an angle of 20–30 °, arranged in rows perpendicular to the direction of the helix of the spiral channels of the swirlers; in fig. 6 — node II in FIG. 4 and 5; in fig. 7 is a section. A-A in FIG. four.

The apparatus includes a housing 1, overflow devices 2 and 3, coaxially arranged tubular contact elements made in the form of continuous channels - contact pipes 4 (solid pipes or separate nozzles connected to each other), which with a gap are passed through coaxial holes of the plates 5. The plates 5 divide the apparatus into several contact stages. In the lower part of each stage in the contact pipes there are feed holes 6, in the upper part there are separation holes 7. The feed and separation holes can be made in. round holes, vertical or horizontal slots (windows). Curved bushes 8 are installed between adjacent steps inside contact tubes, which in the upper part are provided with upwardly tapered truncated cones 9, the upper edge 10 of which is serrated and each second tooth 11 is bent outwardly of the figured bushings, the upper rows of separating holes are blocked by the lower cylindrical part 12 figured sleeves, on the outer surface of which are made by the street 13, opposite the plane of the plates. At the same time, an annular feed channel 14 of a wedge-shaped section 14 opposite to the feeding holes is formed between the figured hub 8, ski 13 and the contact tube 4, the upper part of which is bounded internally by a serrated truncated cone 9, each second tooth 11 of which is bent outwardly of the figured sleeves. Between the lower cylindrical part 12 of the figured bushing 8, at 13, located on its outer surface, and the contact tube 4, an annular channel 15 that is closed from the outside and inside and perforated from the outside is formed.

As noted above, the upper edge of the 10 figured sleeves 8 is made toothed and, in one case, every second tooth 11 is bent outwards of the figured sleeves, in the other

In this case, the teeth are located in the plane of the truncated cones, while the teeth may be triangular (Fig. 2), rectangular (Fig. 3) and of another shape.

Contact tubes 4 are provided with swirls 16 located near the lower boundary of the separation holes. Below the swirlers inside the contact tubes, additional bushings 17 are installed, provided with inward-curved petals 18, arranged in rows 19, perpendicular to the helix direction of the spiral channels of the swirlers. The edges 20 of the petals 18 are made smooth (Fig. 4, 5) or toothed (Fig. 6).

Mass transfer apparatus operates as follows.

Gas (steam) from the lower part of the housing 1 enters the contact pipes 4. After the swirler 16, the gas flow twists and passes at high speed through the figure bushing 8. In the upper part of the figured sleeves 8, having the form of a tapered truncated cone 9 , the gas velocity continuously increases, which creates due to the injection effect vacuum in the annular feed channel 14.

The fluid under the action of the pressure of the hydrostatic column and the injection vacuum from the web of the plate 5 through the feed holes 6 enters the annular feed channel 14 (Fig. 3) and is carried by the gas (steam) upwards.

The gear (with the bend outwards of each second tooth 11), the execution of the upper edges 10 of the cones of the 9 shaped sleeves 8 causes a part of the liquid to flow out of the supply annular channel 14 through the slits inside the shaped sleeves, sprayed into the droplets with gas (steam) which are transported upwards. On the other hand, a certain part of the fast-moving swirling turbulent gas flow through the upper part of the same slots penetrates the annular feed channel 14, which also leads to the formation of a large number of liquid droplets, to increased turbulence in the phases (Fig. 3). As a result of the joint processes of penetration through the slots of the cones of the figured sleeves 8, fluids from the supply channels 14 inside the figured sleeves and gas in the opposite direction, the phase interaction above the toothed edge 10 of the cones 9 of the figured sleeves 8 forms an annular torch - an additional droplet contact zone, which as it moves upward, it is pressed by centrifugal forces to the inner surface of the contact tube 4 or additional sleeve 17 (Fig. 3), forming a film zone of contact of the phases.

The liquid formed by the film is transported by gas (steam) upward, moving along a helical trajectory along the inner surface of the contact tubes 4 and additional sleeves 17. As it moves, the film runs onto the petals 18, breaks off their surface, collapses, and is sprayed with fast-moving swirling gas ( steam) flow with the formation of additional drip zones of contact

phases of each petal 18 (Fig. 7). Under the inner surface of the separation part of the centrifugal force, the droplets are gradually pressed against the inner surface of the additional sleeve 17 to form a liquid film, run to it, next to it, located along the helical trajectory, petal 18, and all the processes are repeated.

Since the petals 18 are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the additional sleeve 17, the height of which is predominant, part of the height of the contact element, the processes of destruction of the liquid film, its spraying with the formation of additional droplet contact zones of the phases, intensive renewal of the contact surface of the phases, increased turbulence in the gas and liquid flow on the predominant part of the surface (height) of the contact element, i.e., the petals of 18 additional sleeves 17 and the teeth of the upper part of the cones of 9 figured sleeves (especially if each second tooth 1 1 is bent outward) are simultaneously generators of small liquid droplets, creating additional droplet contact zones of the phases, devices for enhancing the turbulence of gas and liquid, for intensive renewal of the surface of the contact of phases, destruction (spray) of the Liquid film on the predominant part of the surface (height) of the contact element.

Under these conditions, intense mass transfer takes place both in the film and in the additional droplet contact zones of the phases.

The contact surface of the phases of additional droplet zones, the intensity of gas and liquid turbulence and the renewal of the contact surface of the phases increase with the gear design of the edges of the 20 petals 18.

In order to further enhance the turbulence of the gas and the liquid film, and to increase the intensity of the renewal of the contact surface of a series of 19 lobes, additional

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These pipes, through the separation holes 7, the liquid is removed into the annular space, drains back onto the plate 5, mixing with the feed liquid. A part of this mixture is re-supplied to the irrigation of this contact element, and the other part is directed to the underlying plate through overflow devices 2 and gaps 3. The gas (vapor), released from the liquid phase, goes upward through the contact tube to the overlying level.

As was shown above, after the swirler exits the channels, the liquid and gas phases twist, the liquid droplets under the action of centrifugal forces are thrown onto the inner surface of the separation part of the pipes. In this case, two separation zones are formed. In the first separation zone, located below the figured sleeve 8, the removal of fluid from the contact tube occurs under the action of centrifugal forces (as in the prototype).

The part of the liquid that has not been removed in the lower zone (centrifugal separation zone) is carried by inertial forces into the annular channel 15, the pressure in it increases and this liquid is squeezed out of the annular channel 15 through the upper rows of separation openings blocked by the lower cylindrical part 12 figured sleeves.

Claims (4)

1. A mass transfer apparatus that includes a housing, overflow devices, plates with co-located tubular contact elements made in the form of continuous channels, with feed and separation holes, swirlers with spiral channels and shaped sleeves, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of the process by increasing the mass exchange surface, the creation of additional droplet zones of the retaining sleeves 17 is perpendicular to the Q phase stroke, and figured sleeves in the upper hour The direction of the helix of the spiral channels of the swirlers is 16. With this arrangement, the rows of the entire film surface are completely renewed every two rows of petals. When the deviation of the stirring is provided with narrowed upwards truncated cones, the upper edge of which is made toothed and every second tooth is bent outwardly of the figured sleeves, the upper rows of separation holes are blocked nor (located) the row of petals of the dopol-55 lower cylindrical part of the figured sleeves with respect to the direction of the sleeves, the outer surface of which is located on the spiral line of the spiral channels, along opposite edges eddies from the right angle to the large plate of plates, and the tubular contact or less, the frequency of the process of full renewal of the film surface is reduced. At the outlet of the additional sleeve 17, the liquid transported upwards in the form of a film and in the form of drops, enters the channels of the swirler 16, where the liquid and gas phases are twisted. Under the action of centrifugal forces, drops are dropped on internal surface of separation part5 0 five 0 five 0 five These pipes, through the separation holes 7, the liquid is removed into the annular space, drains back onto the plate 5, mixing with the feed liquid. A part of this mixture is re-supplied to the irrigation of this contact element, and the other part is directed to the underlying plate through overflow devices 2 and gaps 3. The gas (vapor), released from the liquid phase, goes upward through the contact tube to the overlying level. As was shown above, after the swirler exits the channels, the liquid and gas phases twist, the liquid droplets under the action of centrifugal forces are thrown onto the inner surface of the separation part of the pipes. In this case, two separation zones are formed. In the first separation zone, located below the figured sleeve 8, the removal of fluid from the contact tube occurs under the action of centrifugal forces (as in the prototype). The part of the liquid that has not been removed in the lower zone (centrifugal separation zone) is carried by inertial forces into the annular channel 15, the pressure in it increases and this liquid is squeezed out of the annular channel 15 through the upper rows of separation openings blocked by the lower cylindrical part 12 figured sleeves. Invention Formula 1. A mass transfer apparatus that includes a housing, overflow devices, plates with co-located tubular contact elements made in the form of continuous channels, with feed and separation holes, swirlers with spiral channels and shaped sleeves, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of the process by increasing the mass exchange surface by creating additional droplet contact zones of the phases, figured sleeves at the top hour They are equipped with narrowed upwards truncated cones, the upper edge of which is made toothed and every second tooth is bent outwardly of figured sleeves, the upper rows of separation holes are blocked lower cylindrical part of curly the elements are provided with additional bushings installed below the swirlers with petals bent inward, arranged in rows perpendicular to the direction of the spiral channels of the swirlers. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the upper edge of the shaped bushes are located in the plane of the truncated cones. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional bushings are integral with the tubular contact elements. 4. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the edges of the petals of the additional sleeves are provided with triangular teeth. 1 1c Rygl Spiral channel helical line dodgers zo FIG. five The direction of the total velocity of the eider and the liquid film 17 / 18  - Direction dyntboy spiral channel lines za.8ihrigpel 6 Film zone D, opalitelna drip rut