SU1260975A1 - Timebase operational amplifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed amplifier relates to amplifying devices with a pulse width converter. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of diagnostics. The developing operational amplifier contains serially connected first adder and integrator the output of the integrator is connected to the first inputs of a group of relay blocks, the number of relay blocks in the group is odd, the outputs of the relay blocks are connected to the inputs of the second adder, the output signal of which is fed to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which is the input of the expanding operational amplifier, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of the relay blocks, the output of the second adder is the output of the amplifier and is connected to the input of the relay element, the signal of which affects the circuit of the series-connected frequency divider, proportional-differentiating element and higher. The unwrapping operational amplifier is characterized by a higher degree of diagnostics reliability, achieved due to uninterrupted monitoring of the operability of the relay units. 7 il. with $ (L S

Description

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The invention relates to amplifying devices with a pulse-width conversion of a signal and ° can be used in analog computers.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of diagnosis,

FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a scanning operational amplifier (DOC) {in FIG ,, 2 is a functional diagram of a relay block variant J in FIG. 3-7 - time diagrams of signals.

DOW contains first 1 and second 2 adders, integrator 3, group of relay blocks 4-1, D-2,.,., 4- (n-1), 4-p, generator of 5 pulses, relay element 6, divisor 7 frequencies, proportional-differentiating element 8, exporter 9, input 10, output 11, auxiliary output 12 DOC, OU 13, first 14, second 15, third 16 and fourth 7 scale resistors, first 18 and second 19 inputs of the relay unit and exit 20.

In fig-. 3-7 The notation is accepted: X (t) is the signal at input 10; Y (t) is the signal at the output of the integrator 3; VP, (t), Yp, i (t), Yp, (t) - output signals of the first 4-1, second 4-2 and third 4-3 relay blocks, (t) signal aJ at the output llj Ypj (t) - the output signal of the relay element 6j Y (t) is the output signal of the generator 5 pulses; Yrt (t) - frequency divider 7 output signal 7; Y (t) is the output signal of the proportional-differentiating element 8; Yg (t) signal

1260975 1

division factor 2 and generates a signal like a square wave at the output.

ROU works as follows. DOC is a multi-band pulse-frequency-frequency system operating in a steady self-oscillation mode.

Consider the transition process at power on and zero signal at the input. 10. In this case, assume that. the number of n 3 and | B, i | B-J: 1B, | where + B,,; ± Bt, 1B3 switching thresholds of relay blocks 4-1.4-2 and 4-3, respectively. Suppose at the moment

15 on-time signals at the outputs of the relay blocks 4-1.4-2.4-3 are set to A / 3 (fig., B, 2). Under the action of the resulting pulse (t) A (fig.Zd)

20, the signal in the decoder 3 code changes in the negative direction (Fig. 3a). At time t, (FIG. 3a, S), the first relay unit 4-1 switches (FIG. 33),

25 which causes a decrease in the amplitude of the signal at the output 11 to the level A / 3 (FIG. 3) and a decrease in the rate of change of the output signal of the integrator 3 (FIG. 3a).

At time t, (Fig. 3q) ne, the second relay unit 4-2 (Fig. 3B) is switched off, which leads to a change in the sign of the signal at output 11 (Fig. D). The signal at the output of integrator 3 begins to increase in the positive direction (Fig. For) until the moment of fulfillment of the condition .Yy (t) B.

The process then periodically repeats. Cascade formed by

exit 12; + Bi - switching thresholds - by the first adder 1, by the integrator 5, nor by the relay units 4-1.4-2, ..., 4-n by the first relay unit 4-1 and by the second ± C - the switching thresholds of the relay element 6.

adder 2, is in relaying of self-oscillations, and the second and third relay blocks 4-2 and 4-3 are in opposite states (fig. 38, g), which causes mutual compensation of their higher voltages, As a result 11, pulses are generated with an amplitude of iA / 3 (first modulation zone) and an average zero value shown in FIG. H.

The first 1 and second 2 adders have a single transfer coefficient. The relay blocks 4-1 ,, .., 4-p have symmetrical switching thresholds and a non-inverting loop of gnteresis. Their output signal varies discretely within ± A / n (where n is the number of relay blocks). The pulse generator 5 generates pulses of short duration with a sampling interval TC and with an average zero value. Relay blocks 4-1,. ,,, 4-п forcefully change their state in the presence of a signal at the second input. Divider 7 has frequency

At time t, (Fig. 3q) ne, the second relay unit 4-2 (Fig. 3B) is switched off, which leads to a change in the sign of the signal at output 11 (Fig. D). The signal at the output of integrator 3 begins to increase in the positive direction (Fig. For) until the moment of fulfillment of the condition .Yy (t) B.

The process then periodically repeats. Cascade formed by

the first adder 1, the integrator 5, the first relay unit 4-1 and the second

 the first adder 1, the integrator 5, the first relay unit 4-1 and the second

45

50

adder 2, is in relaying of self-oscillations, and the second and third relay blocks 4-2 and 4-3 are in opposite states (fig. 38, g), which causes mutual compensation of their higher voltages, As a result 11, pulses are generated with an amplitude of iA / 3 (first modulation zone) and an average zero value shown in FIG. H.

The presence of pa inlet 10 of the A / C signal X (t) O (Fig, 4 "} causes a change in the pulse duty cycle at the output of the 55th relay block 4-G (Fig. 4b) and output 11 (Fig. 4e). , from a half-cycle sweep conversion rate of change

the rotation is determined by the sum of the signals at the inputs of the first adder 1 (Fig. Ap) and, in the subsequent conversion cycle, by the difference of these signals. As a result, the average value of pulses at the output of .11 reaches over a period of self-oscillations a value proportional to the level of the signal at input 10 (Fig. 4e).

1 Let's assume that at the time t, the signal at input 10 has changed its sign, and its amplitude lies within | -Ab | X (t) h | - 1 (Fig. 4a).

In this case, the output signal of integrator T5 3 (Fig. 48) continues to increase in the positive direction, which at time t causes the second relay block 4-2 to switch to state A / 3 (Fig. 4 & d).

This provides a transition to the second modulation zone, limited to the range (Fig. 4e).

20

,,,, (t)

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Within this zone, the average value of the signal at the output 11 is also maintained proportional to the level of the signal at the input 10.30

Consider the modes of operation with the inoperability of one of its relay blocks 4-1, G .., 4-p. Suppose that at time 1cd (Fig. 5c) the first relay unit 4-1 is faulty, and its output signal is in the fixed position A / 3 (Fig.58, dotted line).

Then, at A / 3.X ((Fig. 5a), the output signal of the integrator 3 grows in the positive direction until it reaches the value B (Fig. 5b). At the time ti, the third relay unit 4-3 switches to A / 3 (Fig. Zd), and the amplitude / / of the signal at output 11 increases with sec. to the maximum value of A (Fig. 5e) .B interval, (Fig. SS jf, A) the signal at the output of integrator 3 changes in the negative direction, which at the time t leads to a change in the sign of the pulse at the output of the second relay unit 4-2 (Fig. 5t). In the interval t), the output signal of the Graduator 3 continues to vary in the direction -Bj of the switching threshold of the third relay unit 4-3 (Fig. Ze).

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At Uts (t) -B, the impulse sign on the dust of the third relay block 4.3 becomes negative (Fig. 55.6), which causes a change in the sign at output 11 (Fig. 5e). This is the process of reorientation of the relay blocks caused by the failure of the first the relay unit 4-1 ends. The auto-oscillation mode includes the path consisting of the first adder 1, the integrator 3, the second relay unit 4-2 and the second adder 2 (Fig. 3, - ;,), and the first and third relay units 4-1 and 4-3 find mc in opposite states (figv, L).

Suppose that at time tf. | (Fig. 5a) the signal at output 11 is increased to

X (t) A.

In a serviceable device, this should cause a signal transition at output 11 to the second modulation zone. However, within the framework of this situation, despite the change in this signal at the output of the second relay unit .4-2 (Fig. 5, -2), the resulting amplitude of the output voltage is -A / 3 (Fig. 5e), and the sign of the signal at the output of the first cyvtMaTopa 1 is kept positive.

This situation is contrary to the condition of the existence of self-oscillation, and the output signal of the integrator 3 reaches the zone of saturation of its static characteristic (Fig. 5). As a result, in the time interval T, (FIG. 5e), the device operates in the amplifier-limiting mode of the output signal amplitude. B.

Assume that at time

tj (Fig. 5a), the signal at the DOC input was changed discretely to the level

- X (t) -A.

Then the RDU again enters the mode of sustained self-oscillations due to the reorientation of the third relay block 4-3 to the state A / 3 (Fig. 5d), which is similar to the condition of the fault of the first relay block 4-rl (Fig. 5c). As shown in FIG. 5, in the specified range of change of the input signal and operability in the paths of the relay blocks on the amplitude conversion function, however, leads to a change in the modulation characteristic (depending on the frequency of the oscillating frequency on the amplitude of the input signal) ..

At the output of the pulse generator 5, a signal Y (t) is formed with a period TC (Fig.), Which significantly / in pay) exceeds the oscillation period.

Let us consider the work in the mode of continuous test check of the operability of its 4-, 4-P relay units. Let the forced switching of the relay blocks 4-1 ,,. ,, ,, 4-h by the output signal of the 5 I-IM-pulses generator occurs under the condition that the signs of the effects Y, |. (T) and Yp, (t),) do not match. .

Suppose that all relay blocks are healthy and the input signal is within the first modulation zone (Fig. 6o). Then, in the self-oscillation mode, there is a path from the first adder 1, the integrator 3, the first relay block 4-1 and the second adder 2, and the second 4-2 and the third 4-3 relay blocks have opposite states of the output signal (FIG. 6,), At the moment of time t ", (fig. B), at the output of the pulse generator 5 a pulse of positive polarity is formed under the action of which the first 4-1 and third 4-3 relay blocks (fig. 6b, e) forcibly switched to A / 3. This leads to the formation at output 11 of a pulse of maximum amplitude (Fig. Be). In the interval “tg, the output signal of the integrator 4 increases in the negative direction (FIG. 6a) and at the time t 3, causes the switching of the second relay unit 4-2 (FIG. F) i). This causes the amplitude of the output signal 11 to decrease to A / 3 values (Fig. 66).

During the time t -t, the sweep Yy (t) continues to change in the direction B (Fig. 6q), and starts from the moment t, when Yp, (t) A / 3. (Fig, bd), the pulse sign at the output 11 becomes negative (fig.6 g. This leads to an increase in the scanning signal to the value B (fig. 6a), the second relay unit 4-2 switches to the initial state before the impact of impulse Yp (t) (fig. 6d). testing the impact test Y,. (t) is wrapped, the first relay unit 4-1 is in self-oscillation mode, and the second 4-2 and the third 4-3 relay unit is in static mode me

Under the influence of the signal Y | - (t) of negative polarity (Fig. 6S, moment, time t), the second relay unit 4.2 is forcibly switched to the state -A / 3 (Fig. 62). As a result, a voltage surge is generated at the output 11 (FIG. 6a), resulting from the transition of all the relay units to a state identical in their outputs. In the interval tp, tg, the second relay unit 4-2 is reoriented to the initial state A / 3 (Fig. 6a, i, which ensures operation in the first modulation zone (Fig. Ba). From time t (., ( Fig. 6) the processes considered are repeated (Fig.60-e). Thus, using a generator of 5 pulses in the output signal, test voltage spikes are generated, which can only exist if the relay units 4-1, are in good condition. .. 4-p.

Relay element 6 has switching thresholds ± C (FIG. 6a), the value of which corresponds to half of the maximum modulation zone. Switching the relay element 6 is carried out using bursts of the signal at output II (Fig. 6e, g) generated by the output signal of the pulse generator 5 (Fig. 66) With the help of frequency divider 7, a signal with an average zero value is generated, which is divided by the constant component with the help of a proportional-differentiating element 8. Then the voltage is reduced and, if necessary, filtered. Thus, a signal 1 is generated, indicating the operability of the deploying operational amplifier. .

Consider the operation when the signal at the input 10 corresponds to the third modulation zone (Fig. 7). In the initial state, the first 4-1, the second 4-2 and the third 4-3 relay blocks are in the A / 3 state (Fig. 1.1,), and the output signal 12 has a maximum of 7.

Hbrii level A (fig, 7e-), In this situation, the impact on the first 4-1, the second 4-2 and the third 4-3 relay blocks Y,. (t) of a positive polarity does not cause a change in their states (Fig. 7, the instant of time t is a dotted line). At time t tn ,, when Y ,. (t) 0 (Fig. 7S), the first 4-1, the second 4-2 and the third 4-3 relay blocks are transferred to the state -A / 3 (Fig. 7.1, a) and on the drive 1 1 1 is formed negative polarity pulse (Fig. 7e). The sweep (Fig. 7a) grows in the positive direction, BE l and c at the times t,, t, t (Fig. 71.1,) the successive transition of the first 4-1, second 4-2, and third 4-3 relay blocks, to the state A / 3 and the return of the signal at the output 11 to the required modulation zone (Fig. 7e).

Further, if the sign of the output signal of the first relay unit 4-1 is negative, then the mode is possible

one

tj ,, j). Randomly switching the first relay unit 4-1 with a positive polarity pulse yf- (t) (Fig. 7S, B, moment in time, this does not cause the test burst (t) -A to form output 11, since the second 4-2 and the third 4-3 relay blocks are in the A / 3 state (Fig. 7l, o). A subsequent test check of the operational state of the relay blocks occurs at time t (r, 7 & e).

If at least one of the relay blocks become inoperable, the amplitude of the test pulse of the corresponding polarity at the output 11 decreases by the value of one modulation zone. As a result, 1 Yj (, | (| C j and the relay element 6 goes into the static state. Therefore, the frequency divider 7 also goes into the static state, and the signal at the additional output 12 decreases to

.nul that decides about availability

 malfunction.

50

Pulse generator 5 provides control of the state of only relay blocks 4-1.4-2, ..., 4-ft and does not provide control of the state of the first adder 1 and integrator 3.

The first adder 1 and the integrator 3 5 must be performed on passive elements with higher reliability. With the implementation of these blo j th - is. 20

12609758

cokes on active 1x components of the output signal of generator 5,

j you is 20

five

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five

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, the pulses must be less than the saturation zone of the static characteristic of the active element - operational amplifier. In this case, if, for example, generator 3 is faulty, then its output signal takes one of the maximum values by the action of which the relay blocks 4-1, 4-2 ,, .., 4-) t are forcibly held in a static state.

Taking into account that the amplitude of the output signal of the generator 5 pulses is less than the active amplifier amplification zone, switching of the relays is excluded. ; th blocks due to the output signal of the generator 5 pulses.

The proportional-differentiating element 8 and rectifier 9 should be performed only on passive elements.

Thus, the proposed DOC is characterized by a higher accuracy of diagnosis.

Formula and 3 gains.

The expanding operational usi-. A relay containing a series-connected first adder and an integrator, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of the relay blocks of the group, the number of which in the group is odd, the outputs of the relay blocks of the group are connected to the inputs of the second accumulator, the output of which is the output of the developmental operating amplifier and connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which is the input of a developmental operational amplifier, characterized in that, in order to verify the diagnostic accuracy, r pulse generator connected in series relay element, frequency divider, proportional-differentiating element and rectifier, the Group relay blocks are double-input, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of the relay group blocks, the output of the second adder is connected to the input of the relay element, and The mitele is an additional output of the unfolding opamp.

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Compiled by O.Otradnov Editor L.Pchelinska Tehred M.Hodanich

Order 57.34 / 51 Circulation 671

VNIIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Production and printing enterprise, Uzhgorod, ul, Proektna, 4

Proofreader M.Maksimishinep

Claims (2)

Claim,. A deployable operational amplifier, comprising a first adder and an integrator connected in series, the output of which is connected to the first inputs of the relay blocks of the group, the number of which in the group is odd, the outputs of the relay blocks of the group are connected to the inputs of the second adder, the output of which is the output of the deployment operational amplifier and connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which is the input of the deploying operational amplifier, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of the diagnosis test, a pulse generator connected in series to the relay element, a frequency divider, a proportionally differentiating element and a rectifier is introduced, and the relay blocks of the Group are two-input, the output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of the relay blocks of the group, the output of the second adder is connected to the input of the relay element, and the rectifier output is an additional output of the deployment operational amplifier. 1260475 FIG. 1 FIG. 2 of FIG. 3