SU1224583A1 - Arrangement for civil engineering layout work - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to geodesy and allows to expand the functionality of the device by ensuring the removal in nature of any elements of engineering structures. On the base 3 with axis 4, similar projection cameras 1 and 2 are fixed, consisting of light sources 7 and 8 with capacitors 9 and 10, projection brands 13 and 14, and lenses 11 and 12, with ND N0. (SP 00: o ifi / fi

Description

movable with the help of coordinate carriages 19 and 20. The projection marks are made in the form of vertical lines deposited on glass plates and are located on the coordinate carriages 15 and 16 moving along the X axis. Screen 6 contains a table on which marks, plumb, cylindrical level and photodetector with digital display on the scoreboard. It serves to obtain a visible image of the serif line and the subsequent orthogonal transfer of its geometric axis to: terrain. Orientation of the device on the ground is done with

one

The invention relates to geodesy, and in particular to methods and technical means used in geodetic preparation and the removal in nature of the design position of points of engineering structures.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device by ensuring the removal in nature of any elements of engineering structures.

Figure 1 shows the optical-kinematic scheme of the device for breakdown works in construction; figure 2 - screen, General view; FIG. 3 is an optical projection scheme.

The device for marking works in construction (Fig. 1) contains two projection cameras 1 and 2, a base with an axis 4, a sighting device 5 and a screen 6.

Projection chambers 1 and 2, whose axes are still horizontal, are similar to one another, are fixed on a common base 3 and consist of light sources 7 and 8 with condensers 9 and 10, lenses 11 and 12, and projection marks 13 and 14. Light sources 7 and 8 with condensers 9 and 10 and projection marks 13 and 14 are located on the coordinating carriages 15 and 16 with micrometer screws 17 and 18. The coordinate carriages 19 and 20 with micrometer screws 21 and 22 serve for moving the lenses 11 and 12. Projection marks 13 and 14 are made

the sighting device 5, which is a telescope, which is parallel to the base in the same vertical plane. Two cylindrical levels 31 and 32 with mutually perpendicular axes serve to bring the base 3 into a horizontal position with screws 28.29 and 30 of the lifting device. The reversal mechanism at specified angles in the horizontal plane makes it possible to fix the rotation angles using, for example, an optical microscope with a limb. 1 hp f-ly, 3 ill.

ten

15

five

20

five

in the form of vertical lines deposited on a glass plate and located in the picture planes of the lenses 11 and 12, the rear nodal points of which are the projection centers, and the distance between their projections in the picture planes is the basis. The coordinate carriages 15 and 16 are located on the base 3 and are movable along the X axis. Micrometrical screws 17 and 18 serve to move the coordinate carriages 15 and 16 and simultaneously to set the projection marks 13 and 14 to the zero position (when the axes of the projection cameras are parallel between by themselves and perpendicular to the basis) and their subsequent movement to the position corresponding to the recalculated abscissas of the points that are carried to the terrain. For reference, the magnitudes of the linear displacements of the projection marks 13 and 14, the micrometer screws 17 and 18 are provided with tongs (not shown).

Axis 4 includes an optical plummet consisting of a protective glass 23, a lens 24, a rectangular prism 25, an eyepiece 26 that serves to center the device over a standing point, and also a device turning mechanism at specified angles in a horizontal plane, allowing the angles to be fixed rotation, for example, using a pin joint or an optical mycoscope with a limb (not shown).

The stand 27 is a lifting device consisting of three screws 28-30, and through axis 4 is connected to the base 3 so that the rotation axis of the devices coincides with the center of the base and the point of standing.

Two cylindrical levels 31 and 32 with mutually perpendicular axes, rigidly fixed to base 3 by means of screws 28-30 of the lifting device, are rigidly fixed on base 3.

Sight 5 represents

the telescope, rigidly connected with the base 3, is located parallel to the base in the same vertical plane and serves to orient the device.

The screen 6 consists of a table 33 (FIG. 2), which bears the mark 34, the plumb 35, the cylindrical level 36 and the receiving device, which is a photodetector 37 with a digital display on the display (not shown), for example, a scanner placed on a vertical 38. Screen 6 serves to obtain a visible image of the serif line and the subsequent orthogonal transfer of its geometric axis to the terrain. The table 33 is mounted on the coordinate carriage 39 with the possibility of moving along the axes X and Y by rotating the corresponding dips 40 (X) and 41 (Y). The coordinate carriage 39 is mounted on the rod 42 of the telescopic stand 43, which serves to mount the screen 6 in the tripod 44. The mark 3 is mounted on the table 33 so that the centers of the photosensitive area of the photodetector 37 and the screen mark 34 are aligned. 6

The thickness t of the vertical strokes of the projection marks 13 and 14 depends on the size of the photosensitive area of the photodetector 37 and the distance from it to the center of the projection and is determined from the condition (see Fig. 3).

t aifoB

t g

where a is the size of the photosensitive platform of the receiving device;

f is the focal length of the lens;

S is the distance from the projection center to the definable point of the object.

The vertical size of the strokes of the projection marks 13 and 14 is determined from the expression

1 2f

ABOUT

tge,

where 1 is the vertical size of the stroke; b - half the field of view of the object.

The layout works in construction are carried out as follows.

A reference line is selected on the object, in which one of the center axes serves as an obino, and its ends are fixed on the ground. Depending on the object size, one or several points are set on the reference line, over which the device will be installed. The coordinates of points on the reference line are determined by the geodetic method in a spatial coordinate system in which the design position of the object points is specified.

The entire set of points to be carried out on the terrain is divided into groups, each of which corresponds to a certain fixed angular position of the device relative to the reference line. The fixed rotation angle of the device is calculated by ensuring that the adjacent areas of the device overlap and that it operates within 0-360.

Then, the project coordinates of the object points are recalculated into the abscissa of the picture plane using the formulas

X, l (,) + (Y, -YO,);

, - (YN-YOZ). e x, Y — coordinates of a point of intersection of a line passing through a given position of a point on the ground and the left projection center, c. a line connecting the main points of the picture planes of the left and right projection cameras in a localized coordinate system;

Xjj, Y are the coordinates of the points of intersection of the line passing through the given positions of the point on the ground and the right projection center.

with a line connecting the main points of the picture planes of the left and right projection cameras in the received coordinate system on the ground; coordinates of the main points

picture planes of the left and right projection cameras in a localized coordinate system.

The focal distances of the projection cameras 1 and 2 are calculated by the formulas

f. f + „Eioei ™ -.

And OB1 d / -f., T OS (

f, f +

 g 2 d; -f, e,

where the nominal focal lengths of the projection cameras 1

and 2;

d is the distance (along the perpendicular) from the point to the base line.

Next, install the device over the point of the reference line, leveling using two cylindrical levels 31 and 32 and three screws 28-30 and centering with an optical plunger.

Then proceed to the orientation of the device. To do this, a tripod with a target mark is installed at one of the ends of the reference line, and its leveling and centering are performed. Observe the mark in the sighting device 5 of this type and thus align the axis of the baseline with the reference line. The screen 6 is set so that the image of marks 13 and 14 falls on the platform 38. Then the table 33 is brought to the horizontal position with the help of level 36,

Thereafter, the points belonging to the group for which the angle of rotation of the device relative to the reference line is equal to 0 °, are brought to the terrain.

The rotating micrometer screws 17 and 18 set the projection marks 13 and 14 to the position corresponding to the recalculated abscissa values of the projected point. The rotating micrometer screws 21 and 22 set the lenses 11 and 12 to the position corresponding to the calculated focal lengths of the projection cameras 1 and 2.

Highlight projection marks 13 and 14 with the help of light sources 7 and 8 and condensers 9 and 10, while lenses 11 and 12 project the image of projection marks 13 and 14 onto the photodetector 37 of screen 6.

Rotating the handwheel 41 (Y) moves table 33 and visually combining the images of projection marks 13 and 14. Turn on the photoreceiver 37, rotate the handwheels 40 (x) and 41 (Y), and precisely align the images of the projection marks 13 and 14 to the center of the photosensitive photodiode. 37. At the same time, the display is combined in digital form on a board. Thereafter, using a plumb 35, orthogonal transfer of the rendered image to the terrain is carried out. Similarly, the removal of the rest of the object belonging to the group with the rotation angle o is carried out in a similar way. Next, turn the device and using a reversal mechanism set a fixed value of the angle of rotation and continue to carry out the following groups of object points to the terrain.

Claims (2)

1. A device for centering works in construction, comprising a projection camera consisting of a successive light source, a condenser, a projection mark, a lens with a coordinate carriage and a micrometer screw, a screen consisting of a table with a mark and a plumb and a coordinate carriage located on telescopic rack is characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality by ensuring the removal of any elements of engineering structures into nature, it is equipped with a second projection camera, An identical first stationary fixed together with the first projection camera on an injected hard base, the sighting unit reinforced on the base parallel to the base in the same vertical plane with it, and the turning mechanism to fixed angles, with the axis of the projection of horizon cameras tal, light sources with condensers and projection marks, made in the form of vertical lines, are placed on coordinate carriages that can be moved along the X axis, the center of the basis is aligned with the vertical axis of rotation of the device, and the screen is equipped with a photodetector located on the screen table, The centers of the photosensitive area of the photoreceiver and the screen brand are located on the same vertical axis. 2245838 2. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the thickness t of vertical strokes of projection marks is determined from the condition 5 t  Shiftf where a is the size of the photosensitive photodetector sites; fpg is the focal distance of the object; S is the distance from the projection center to the definable point of the object. -37 36 g / 33 Jj 0/42. : 59 -. Hlh Editor A. Ogar Compiled by V. Agapova Tehred I. Popovich Order 1938/37 Circulation 670 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Proofreader A. Obruchar