SU1213495A1 - System for training drillers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the training of operators of drilling rigs, and allows you to expand the didactic capabilities of the simulator to improve the quality of training for drillers. The trainee, using manual controls, simulates the actual processes occurring on a drilling rig. By simulating the operation of a drillstring descent and ascent of the drill string in the well, taking into account all factors accompanying the normal operation of the drilling rig, and comparing the operator's action with the reference one, using a simulator, targeted development of the drillers' skills is achieved. The progress of the learning process is displayed on the respective scoreboards. 3 hp ff-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The invention relates to simulators for training in the use of a working tool and can be used to teach skills in controlling a drilling rig when: carrying out tripping,

The purpose of the invention is to expand the didactic capabilities of the training simulator with an increase in the quality of training of drillers.

Fig, I shows the structure of the simulator; in fig. 2 - 4 block structure.

The simulator contains a block 1 of nonlinear elements, a console 2 of the operator, a block 3 of drive simulations, a divider 4 voltages, a simulator of 5 oscillatory movements, a block 6 displaying training information, a block 7 of comparison, a block 8 of setting standards, an adder 9, a block of 10 elements OR, a block 11 differentiation, a hook load detection unit 12, a well simulation block 13, a drill string simulation block 14. , REMOTE 2 contains a drum crane sensor 15, connected to the drum crane 16, a sensor 7 toggle ruch-. ki connected to the toggle handle 18, the handwheel 19 of the controller, the sensor 20 of the handbrake handle connected to the handbrake handle 21 and the pneumatic system brake modeling unit 22 connected by means of the pneumatic handle sensor 23 to the pneumatic handle 24.

As the crane 16 of the drum, the flip handle 18, the flywheel 19 of the controller, the handbrake 21, the pneumatic knob 24 are adapted to correspond to the pe-i bodies of the drilling rig control panel.

Block 8 generates two signals, one of which corresponds to the position of the rotor - to restrict the stroke of the drill string from below, and the other to the position of the protivozataskietep - Restrict the stroke of the drill string from above.

Block 8 can be implemented using two single-contact potentiometric sensors.

Unit 3 contains an electric motor modeling unit 25, a gearbox modeling unit 26, an assembly 27 mp2J3495J

 coupling splitting and drum modeling assembly 28.

The divider 4 according to the signal proportional to the angle of rotation of the drum, 5 generates at the output a signal proportional to the roll-over of the double block.

As a divider 4, a decisive amplifier can be adopted. 10 Simulator 5 according to the signal received at its input from divider 4, generates a signal proportional to the height of the lifting block.

Block 14 according to the signal coming 15 from the output of the simulator 5, and the signal coming from the output of pulse 2, generates at the output a signal proportional to the length of the drill string. Block 14 can be implemented with the help of a device, the block diagram of which is shown in FIG. 2. Block 14 consists of a key 29, element 30. memory, key 31 and inverter 32.

Inverter 32 changes to the opposite sign a signal coming from

the output of the simulator 5, in proportion to the height of the lifting block.

 Key 29 by a signal from the flywheel 19 output and from the corresponding lifting of the drill string, and a signal from the output of the simulator 5 and proportional to the height

lifting talevy block forms. output signal proportional to

35 reduce the length of the drill string. The switch, 31, according to the signal coming from the output of the flywheel 19 and the corresponding descent of the drill string, and the signal coming from the exit of the driver 32, generates a signal at the output proportional to the increase in the length of the drill string. Element 30 by the signal from output 29 and proportional reduction

45 the length of the drill string, and the signal coming from the output of the key 31 and proportional to the increase in the length of the drill string, generates a signal proportional to the length of the drill

50 columns, taking into account the initial length of the drill string, specified by the instructor by setting the initial conditions of the element 30.

Block 11 by the signal coming

55 from the output of the simulator 5 and proportionally. the height of the lifting of the traveling block, forms at the output a signal proportional to the actual

the speed of movement of the drill string. The differentiation unit 11 can be implemented with a DC differentiating amplifier.

Block 1 by a signal from the output of block 14 and proportional to the length of the drill string, generates a signal at one output that is proportional to the specified value. velocities in this part of the well, and at another output, a signal proportional to the weight of the drill string; Block 1 can be represented by functional transducers 33 and 34.

Functional transducers 33 and 34, according to the signals arriving at their inputs from the output of block 14 and proportional to the length of the drill string, at their outputs generates a signal proportional to the weight of the drill string and a signal proportional to the specified value of the speed of the drill string in this well section, respectively .

The functional transducers 33 and 34 are implemented on the basis of a non-linear functional transducer.

Block 7 contains reference elements 35 and 36.

Element 36 compares the signal arriving at one input from functional converter 34 and is proportional to the specified value of the speed of movement of the drill collar in this part of the well with the signal from the output of block P and is proportional to the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string. When the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string deviates from the specified value of the speed of its movement, element 36 generates a signal at the output corresponding to the deviation of the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string from the specified value

Elements 35 and 36 can be implemented using Schemes, developing a characteristic with three stable states.

Block 6 is used for information of the learner and the instructor on the signal from the output of block 14 and proportional to the length of the drill string, about the length of the drill string

, according to the signals coming from the output of the block 8 and, - the corresponding positions of the rotor of the anti-strike rotor, - on the position of the stroke stops on the bottom and top; according to the signal coming from the output of the simulator 5 and proportional to the height of the lifting of the traveling block, about the current position of the traveling block and the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string; by the signal coming from the output of block 7 and the corresponding deviation of the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string to its specified value — about the error that occurred (violation of the speeding mode of tripping) by the signal coming from the output of block 7 and the corresponding coincidence of the position of the pulley block with the positions of its stroke limiters, - about the error that occurred (inaccurate stopping of the drill string.

Block 13, by a signal from the output of block 1 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, and a signal from the output of block 14 and proportional to the length of the drill string, generates a signal proportional to the force acting on the drill string in the well.

Block 13 (Fig, 3) consists of threshold elements 37 - 39, keys 40 - 42, nonlinear elements 43. - 45 and adder 46,

The number of elements is 37–39 and 43–45 and keys 40–42. It is determined by the type of well profile. In this example, a well profile is taken that consists of a vertical section, a set of set of the maximum necessary angle of inclination of the well, and a section of natural reduction of the angle of inclination of the well. Since the received profile consists of three sections, the number of elements 37-39 and 43-45 and the keys 40-42 are equal to three, respectively.

Elements 37-39 are generated by a signal arriving at their inputs from the output of element 30, which is part of the unit. 14, they form signals at the outputs when the drill string is in the vertical section of the well, the section of the set of the maximum necessary angle of inclination of the well, and the section of the natural reduction of the tipping angle

respectively, taking into account the length of each section of the well, set by the instructor of the set thresholds for the operation - the initial conditions of the elements 37-39,

Threshold elements 37-39 are implemented using a circuit, testing a characteristic with three stable states,%

Elements 43 - 45 signal at their inputs from the output of the element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, form at their outputs signals proportional to the forces acting on the drill string in the vertical well section, the set of the maximum required angle of inclination the angle of inclination of the well, respectively, taking into account for each section the coefficient of friction of the metal on the rock, the radius of curvature of the well, the angles of inclination of the well at the beginning and end of the section, specified by the tool Tractor installation of the initial conditions of the elements 43-45,

Elements 43 - 45 are implemented using a non-linear functional converter.

Keys 40 - 42 according to the signals received at their single inputs from the outputs of elements 47 - 49, respectively. When the drill string is in the vertical section of the well, the section ke of the set of the maximum necessary angle of inclination of the well and the section of natural reduction is the angle of inclination of the well, their other inputs from the outputs of the elements 43 - 45, respectively, and proportional forces acting on the drill string in the indicated sections of the well,. Forms ™) signals at their outputs are proportional to the forces acting on the drill string when the drill string is in these sections of the well.

The adder 46 on the signals received at the corresponding inputs from the outputs of the keys 40.- 42, generates a signal proportional to the force acting on the drill string in the well.

Summer 46 can be implemented on the basis of a summing DC operational amplifier.

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Block 12 according to a signal coming in (to one input from the output of block 1 and proportional to the weight of the drillstring, to a signal that is connected to another 5 input from the output of the console 2 and corresponding to the direction of movement of the drillstring, and to the signal to the third input from block 13, forms at the output a signal proportional to the load on the hook of the traveling block.

Block 12 can be implemented using the circuit shown in FIG. 4,

15 One key input 47 is connected to the flywheel output 1-9, another input to the inverter output 48, and the output to one input of the adder 49, the other input of which is connected to the output of the adder 46, and the third input to the output of the key 50, one input which is connected to the output of the flywheel 19, and the other input - to the input of the inverter 48 and with the output of the element 33.

Inverter 48 reverses the sign of the signal coming from the output of element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string.

Inverter 48 may be implemented with a DC operational amplifier.

The key 47 generates a signal proportional to the signal received at one input from the output of the flywheel 19 and the corresponding descent of the drill string, and the signal changed to the opposite sign, - arriving at the other input from the inverter 48, and proportional to the weight of the drill string. component of gravity acting on the hook of the traveling block when lowering the drill string.

The key 50, by the signal received at one input from the output of the flywheel 19 and the corresponding lifting of the drill string, and by the signal reaching the other input from the output of element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, generates a signal proportional to the component gravity acting on the hook block when lifting the drill string,

55 Adder, 49 according to the signal coming to one input from the output of the key 47 and proportional to the component of gravity acting on the hook

thirty

40

45

50

pulley block during the descent of the drill string, the signal arriving at - another input from the adder 46 and proportional to the force acting on the drill string in the well, and the signal arriving at the third input from the output of the key 50 and proportional to the component of gravity acting on the hook the traveling block when lifting the drill string, generates at the output a signal proportional to the load on the hook of the traveling block. The adder 49 is implemented on the basis of a summing operational DC amplifier,

The 10.no block to the signal post-splicing on one input from the handle 21 and proportional to the braking force set by the students using the hand brake, and on the signal coming to the other input from the pneumatic handle 24 and proportional to the braking force transmitted by the students In this case, the output signal is proportional to the braking force.

Adder 9 by the signal from the output of block 12 and proportional to the value of the load on the hook

.the unit of power and the signal coming from the GO unit and proportional to the braking force generates at the output

signal proportional to the force of resistance to movement of the drill string.

Trena Ser works as a leader; , . . ..

Before turning on the simulator: valve 16, knob 18, flywheel 19, knob 21 knob 24 included in the console 2, are set in the initial position, which characterizes the initial state of the simulator. In addition, the instructor of the production installation of the initial conditions of the element 30 sets the initial length of the drill string, the element 34 - tachograms of the movement of the drill string in the well, and the elements 37, 38, 39 and 43, 44, 45, the input of their elements in the block 13, - parameters of each wellbore section Gprogenesis, friction coefficient of the metal on the rock, radii of curvature of the well, angles of inclination of the well at the beginning and end of y4acTkajf, At the initial state of the simulator; - voltage at the sensor outputs 15

17, 23 are equal to zero, and at the output of sensor 20, the voltage is maximum,

In accordance with this, the voltage at the output of block 10 is maximum at the output of node 25, which is part of block 3 and, consequently, at the output of block 3 and the output of voltage simulator 5 is zero, and at the output of block 14, the voltage value corresponds to the length of the drill string.

When the simulator is on, block 6; informs the trainee on the signal coming from the output of block 14 and proportional to the length of the drill string, about the specified length of the drill string; according to the signals coming from the output of block 8 and the corresponding positions of the rotor and protivozatachivat, about the position of the stroke stops of the drill string below and over xyj according to the signal from the output of the simulator 5 and proportional to the height of the lifting block, about the lower initial the position of the pulley block,

The element, according to the signal received from the output of element 30 and proportional to the predetermined length of the drill string, generates at the output a signal proportional to the weight of the drill string.

Block 13, according to the signal coming from the output of block 1 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, and the signal coming from the output of block 14 and proportional to a predetermined length of the drill hole pnr, forms a signal proportional to the force that is output to the drill string column in the squa-: ,

Since, in the considered example, the drill string is located in the two upper sections of the well, the vertical portion of the set of the maximum required angle of inclination, the well is formed a signal proportional to the force acting on the drill string in the well as follows.

The threshold elements 37 38 according to the signal coming from the output of the element 30, form the signals at the outputs when the drill string is in the non-vertical section of the well and

the set of the maximum required for the inclination of the well, respectively, taking into account the length of each well site, specified by the instructor by setting the trigger thresholds - the initial conditions of the threshold elements 37 and 38,

Elements 43 and 44 according to the signal coming from the output of element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, form at their outputs proportional to the forces acting on the drill string in the vertical section of the well and the set of the maximum required angle of inclination the ratio of the friction coefficient of the metal to the rock, the radius of the search1) of the well, the angles of inclination of the well at the beginning and end of the section, given by the instructor setting the initial conditions of the elements 43 and 44,

The keys 40, and 41.no signals, from the outputs of the threshold elements 37 and 38, respectively, when the drill string is in the vertical section of the well and the section of the set of the maximum necessary angle of inclination of the hole, respectively, and the signals from the outputs of the elements 43 and 44, respectively, proportional forces acting on the drill string in the vertical section of the well and the area of the set of the maximum necessary angle of inclination of the well, respectively, form signals at their outputs that are proportional to the forces influenced by Leica Geosystems on the drill string when the drill string in the vertical play of skvazhiiy.i station sets the maximum necessary angle of inclination of the borehole, respectively.

The adder 46 on signals from the outputs of the keys 40 and 41 and proportional forces acting on the drill string when the drill string is in the vertical section of the well and the set of the maximum required angle of inclination, respectively, generates a signal at the output proportional to the force acting on drill string in the well.

To test the drillstring lift ups.

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turns the handle 18 to the appropriate position and turns on the valve 16, moving the handle from the Off position to Quiet until it stops. When the valve 16 is trained, the signal at the output of the sensor 15 changes in proportion to the mixing of the crane 16. Therefore, when the valve 16 is set to the extreme position, the signal at the output of the sensor 15 takes its highest value and, when it enters the input of the node 27, the input the composition of the block 3, simulates the full inclusion of the coupling.

Further, the trainer smoothly rotates the flywheel 19, imitating the activation of the electric motor of the drilling rig,

Block 12 signal, coming from the output of block 1 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, the signal coming from the output of the remote control 2 and the corresponding lifting of the drill string, and the signal coming from the output of block 13 and proportional to the force acting on the drill string in the well, forms the output signal is proportional to the load on the hook block,

In this case, the key 50, by a signal coming from the output of the flywheel 19 and corresponding to the lifting of the drill string, and by a signal coming from the exit of the element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, generates a signal at the output that is proportional to the component of the weight of gravity acting on the hoist hook block when lifting the drill string.

The adder 49 according to the signal coming from the adder 46, which is part of block 13, and proportional to the force affecting the drill 1 olonna in the well, and the signal coming from the output of the key 50 and proportional to the component of the weight that is impacting on the hook of the traveling block when lifting the drill string, generates a signal at the output proportional to the load on the hook of the traveling block.

When a node 25 is trained on the flywheel 19, the signal from the flywheel 19 and the train’s proportional set 1C1Ims of motor rotation speed and the signal from the output of the adder 49 and proportional to the load on the hook generates a signal proportional to speed on the output: - shaft rotation speed electric motor

When a knot 26 is trained by a knob 18, the signal coming from sensor 17 and proportional to the position of the toggle knob 18 and the signal coming from the output of knot 25 and proportional to the speed of rotation of the motor shaft generates a signal proportional to the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the gearbox.

To release the drum, the student lifts the handle to the knob 21 or the handle 24,

Block 10, by a signal coming from the handle 21 and proportional to the braking force given by the training-yvdams using a hand brake, and by a signal coming from the pneumatic handle 24 and proportional to the braking force set by the training using a pneumatic system, the output signal proportional to the braking force effort.

The adder 9 according to the signal coming from the output of block 12 and proportional to the load on the hook of the traveling block, and the signal coming from block IO and proportional to the braking force generates a signal proportional to the resistance to movement of the drill string. Consequently, when the drum is twisted or with the help of the hand 21, or by using the knob 24, the signal of the adder 9, proportional to the resistance to mixing of the drill string, decreases. And acting on the node 28 increases the output signal of the block 3, which corresponds to acceleration drum. as ottormazhivan.

The divider 4, according to the signal coming from the output of block 3 and proportional to the angle of rotation of the drum, generates at the output a signal that is proportional to the movement of the traveling block.

Simulator 5 according to the signal coming from the divider 4 and proportional movement of the pulley block, and the signal coming from the output of block 12 and proportional to the load on the hook of the pulley block, for

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the signal is proportional to the height of the lifting block,

. Block 6 informs the student about the actual value of the lifting speed of the drill string according to the signal coming from the output of the simulator 5 oscillator NUPS movements, proportional to the height of the lifting of the traveling block.

As the drill string rises, the block 14, according to the signal from the output of the simulator 5 and proportional to the height of the lifting block, and the signal from the flywheel 19 output and the corresponding lifting of the drill string, generates a signal proportional to the length of the drill string

The key 29 on the signal coming from the output of the flywheel 9 and the corresponding lifting of the drill string, and the signal coming from the output of the simulator 5 and proportional to the height of lifting the traveling block, generates a signal at the output proportional to reducing the length of the drill string,

Element 30 generates a signal proportional to the length of the drill string, taking into account the initial length specified by the instructor by setting the initial conditions of the element 30, according to a signal from the output of the key 29 and a proportional reduction in the length of the drill string,

Block 6, by a signal from output 14 and proportional to the length of the non-drill string, informs the trainee of a change in the length of the drill string as the lifting operation is performed.

At the same time, the element 34 generates a signal at the output proportional to a predetermined value of the speed of movement of the drill string in a given section of the wells from the output of element 30 and proportional to the length of the drill string.

Simultaneously, the block 11-on the signal coming from the output of the simulator 5, is proportional to the height. lifting the traveling block, generates at the output a signal proportional to the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string.

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Element 36 compares the signal that arrives from element 34 and is proportional to the specified value of the mixing speed of the drill string at a given length of the drill string with the signal from the output of the block 1 1 and proportional to the actual value of the moving speed of the drill string. When the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string deviates from the specified value of the speed of its movement, element 36 generates a signal at the output that corresponds to the deviation 15 of the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string from the specified value.

Block 6 according to the signal coming from: element 36 and the corresponding deviation of the actual value of the speed of movement of the drill string from the specified value, gives the trainer and the instructor information about the occurrence of the error - violation of the speed mode of the ramp-up operation.

Thus, having information about the current length of the drill string and the actual speed of lifting the drill string, the trainee has the ability to precisely measure their control actions on the lifting control of the drill string with the conditions of movement of the drill string in the well.

As it rises, the drill string comes out of the area where the maximum necessary well angle is set, 40

Then the threshold element 37 on the signal coming from the output element 30 and proportional to the length of the drill string, forms on

the output signal when the drill string is in the vertical section of the well.

Element 43 on the signal coming from the output of the element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string, O forms at the output a signal proportional to the forces acting on the drill string in the vertical section of the well

Key 40 by the signal coming 55 from the output of the threshold element 37 at | the location of the drill string in the vertical, tick section of the well, and sig30

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The pressure coming from the output of the element 43 and proportional to the forces, acting on the drill string in the vertical section of the well, generates a signal at the output that is proportional to the forces acting on the drilling column when the drill is. roll column in the vertical well section,

The adder 46 on the signal coming from the output of the key 40 and proportional to the forces acting on the drilling g) the column while the drill string is in the vertical section of the well, generates a signal at the output proportional to the force acting on the drill string in the well,

In connection with the changing conditions of movement of the drill string in the borehole, the trainee must adjust his controlling influences on the controls of the drilling rig,

If the student’s skill in raising drilling rig skills is erroneous and is characterized by re-lifting the drill string, then at the time of the re-lift in element 35, the signal taken from the output of the simulator 5 and proportional to the height of the lifting block will be equal to the signal removed from the output of block 8 and proportional to the position of the protivozataskivatel. At this moment element 35 generates at its output a signal arriving at block 6, which gives the learning information about the error that occurred - the lifting of the drill column Tact manner, having information on the current position of the traveling block, has the ability to accurately obuchayuschiys commensurate. its control actions on the control of the lifting of the drill string,

To stop lifting the drill string. The instructional effect is on the flywheel 19, imitating the shutdown; the electric motor of the drilling rig, and the handle 21 or the handle 24,

When practicing the skill of descending a bumper column, the inverter 32 reverses the sign of the signal from the output of the simulator 5 and is proportional to the height of the thal block.

The key 31, according to a signal from the output of the flywheel 19 and the corresponding descent of the drill string, and a signal from the output of the inverter 32, generates a signal at the output that is proportional to the increase in the length of the drill string.

Element 30, by the signal coming from the output of the key 31 and proportional to the increase in the length of the drill string, forms at the output a signal proportional to the length of the drill string.

At the same time, the inverter changes to the opposite sign of the signal coming from the output of element 33 and proportional to the weight of the drill string,

Further work of the simulator is similar to the work of the simulator when developing skills in lifting the drill string

The use of the proposed simulator in comparison with the known ones allows the trainees to acquire difficult skills for carrying out tripping taking into account the changing conditions of passage of the drill string,. .

The economic effect of using the proposed invention can be obtained by speeding up the training process and reducing the cost of training the workers.

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Claims (1)

Invention Formula 1, a driller simulator containing an operator's console, the first, second and third outputs of which are connected respectively to the first, second and third inputs of the drive simulation unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the oscillatory motion simulator through the voltage divider, the first inputs of the educational information display unit and the comparison unit, the first and second outputs of which are connected respectively to the second and third inputs of the educational information display unit, and the second input to the output of the back block audio standards which is connected to a fourth input of the learning information display unit nonlinear elements zle- mentv OR unit, the first and second outputs which are connected respectively   - l with the fourth and fifth outputs of the operator's console, and the output with the first input of the adder, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the drive simulation block, which is different from the fact that, in order to expand the didactic capabilities of the simulator, a successively connected simulator of the drill string is inserted into it ,, a well simulation unit and a hook load detection unit, the output of which is connected to the fifth and sixth inputs of the drive simulation unit and the second inputs of the oscillatory motion simulator and the adder, and the differential block The input is connected to the output of the oscillatory motion simulator, and the output is connected to the third input of the comparator unit, the fourth input of which is connected to the first output of the nonlinear elements block whose input is connected to the output of the drill string simulation unit connected to the fifth input of the educational information display unit the second output of the block of nonlinear elements is connected to the second inputs of the simulation block of the well and the block for determining the load on the hook, the third input of which is connected to the first output of the operator’s console; entered to the first input of the drill string imitation unit, the second input of which is connected to the output /; oscillation simulator, 2, the simulator according to claim 1, wherein the drill pipe imitation unit contains in series a first key and a memory element, the output of which is; the output of the unit, and the inverter and the second key connected in series, the output of which is connected to the second input of the memory element, the nepBbtft input of the first key and the second input of the second key is the first input of the block, and the input of the inverter and the second INPUT of the first key are the second input of the block,, 3, The simulator according to claim 1, 1, of that, and with the fact that in it the block of modeling of a well contains chains of series-connected. the threshold elements and keys whose output is connected to the corresponding inputs of the adder whose output is the output of the block and the non-Hbte element whose output is connected to the second inputs of the keys of the corresponding chains, the inputs of the threshold elements are the first input of the block, and the inputs of the nonlinear elements the second block output 4, The simulator according to claim 1, 1, of which is the fact that in it the hook load determining unit contains a series-connected inverter, a first key and an adder, the output of which is the output of the unit, and the second key, the output of which is connected by the second input of the adder, the third input of which is the first input of the block, the input of the inverter and the first input of the second key - the second input of the block, and the second inputs of the first and second keys - the third input of the block. 1 Fi1 / f Outlet Out SMW 14-fflOKO f K Vkodts block / 2 K block sbixo / Editor N. Gunko Compiled by A. Karlov. Tehred S. Migunova Proofreader L. Patay Order 784/59 Circulation 456 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 or PPP Patent, g, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Fig.Z Go out pilta 43 sg : s h || II "five  :five