SU1202525A1 - Method of water-holding in cotton plant - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to increasing the ability of plants to retain moisture under the conditions of hot climate.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the moisture capacity of cotton plants and increase its yield in hot climates and droughts.

The physiologically active substances of the humus nature of FAHHP are used to increase the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers and improve the viability of plants.

FABHPs are introduced into the root sphere of cotton in order to neutralize the inhibitory effect of polyvinyl alcohol (LAN) on the viability of plants under drought conditions, while retaining its positive effect on the water holding capacity. The effect of FAHHP is unexpected: the water-holding capacity increases and the water consumption of plants decreases as compared with plants that did not receive FABHP but were treated with PVA.

Cotton is grown on a nutrient mixture of Pr Nishnikov (259 mg / kg N, MgSO 13.5 mg / kg Mg, CaSO 2 HjO 3.44 mg / kg, Fed., 6.4 mg / kg Fe, phosphate buffer KHjPO . 272 mg / kg +), Soil - sand, air temperature 37–40 ° C. FAVGP are introduced into the sand during the laying of the experiment before sowing seeds. Humidity of sand, up to a phase of 3-4 leaves of 80-60% field moisture capacity (PV), followed by spraying PVA - 40-30% of PV.

Spraying with a 3% aqueous solution of PVA was performed twice, the first time 10 days before the results are given in Table 1-3 (5-6 leaves phase), the second time 3 days before the results are given in the same tables (budding phase).

Example 1. A physiologically active substance — sodium humate (GN) is prepared as follows: brown coal is crushed to 3 mm, then it is treated with HacbmieHHbw sodium hydroxide solution to 1000 absorption capacity and dried in air. Sodium humate is introduced into the root environment at a concentration of 0.5 g

202525. 2

on 1 kg of sand. This concentration is optimized and is selected based on previously completed work on the use of humic fertilizers.

The water-holding capacity and water consumption of cotton when injected into the root sphere are given in Table. one.

10 An analysis of the results presented in Table 1 shows that the introduction of -GN into the root sphere increases the water-holding capacity of cotton in the phase of 5-6 leaves by

15 compared with control at 8.65% off. Compared to the second option, this indicator changes insignificantly (0.86% of WOBU,) - Good holding capacity in the second

2Q variant is slightly higher compared with the control (3.12% of W). From the comparison of this indicator in the 2nd and 3rd variants with respect to the control, it can be seen that it is almost 3 times

25 higher in the 3rd version than in the 2nd.

The total consumption of WATER in the budding phase in the 3rd variant is lower than in the 1st and 2nd, and the water-holding capacity varies as compared with

d. with the 1st option at 2.37% from. This indicator in the 2nd variant is higher than in the 1st one only by 50% of WOBIU,

The number of buds in the 2nd and 3rd variants is less than in the 1st, which is probably due to the inhibitory effect of PVA on the development of the plant.

Example 2. Experimental conditions as in example 1. As a FAVHP, 0.5 g per 1 kg of oxidized lignite sand (CCA) is introduced, which is prepared as follows: brown coal is crushed to 3 mm and processed for 8N. a solution of nitric acid based on 1. kg of brown coal 700-800 ml 8k. nitric acid solution. Water-soluble substances (the content of which in an MCA varies from about 6% to absolutely dry MaccyJ, which are the active principle of the MCA, contain

50 oxygen-containing functional groups and N0 and consist of aliphatic acids and fulvic acids.

X-analysis shows the presence in 1 of water-soluble substances of the bands 840–55 and 830 cm, indicating the presence of aromatic, indistinct CH bonds, the bands 3,400 and 3,200 cm, characterizing the lean hydrogen

35

QH and NH groups, bands 1410, 1390, 1390, 1370 cm, probably indicating the presence of NOg groups and deformation associated C – H groups, bands 1640 and 1370 cm, probably due to the presence of nitroamines, intense bands 1700, 169. 1640 cm, characterizing the presence of compounds (compounds with and COOH groups, as well as quinones and 1200-1100 bands, corresponding to C-0 vibrations of the ether and phenolic hydroxyl character. The EPR spectra speak of quite insignificant content, and maybe even the absence of semihynes (lQg / I 0.04) The chemical characterization of water-soluble substances extracted from carbon oxidized with nitric acid at room temperature is as follows:%, Mg, Si, Fe, Al, Na 1, Cu l 0.003, Zn 0.05, Ti 0.003, Pb - 0.0001, Sn "0.001 Ca" 1.

Table 2 shows the chemical analysis of the CCA,% of the combustible mass; in tab. 3 - the results of the effect of the MCF on the water-holding capacity of cotton.

As can be seen from the results given in table. 3, in the 3rd variant of the experiment, the water-holding capacity in the phase of 5-6 leaves is increased by 7.99% oTWoBm, the B budding phase is 3.48% from Wggj. compared with the control, whereas in the 2nd version, these figures are lower by about 2.5–1.5 times, respectively. The total water consumption in the 3rd variant is reduced by 1.6 times compared to the control and 1.3 times compared to the 2nd option. The number of buds is increased by 3 times compared with the control and 5 times compared with the 2nd option.

Example 3. The conditions of the experiment according to Example 1. As a FAVHP, the initial brown coal, ground to 3 cm, was added to the root sphere (g) of 05 g / kg of sand. The results of the experiments are given in table. four.

Analysis of the results given in table. 4 indicates that the water holding capacity in the phase of 5-6 leaves and the budding phase does not significantly change in the 3rd variant compared to the control and the 2nd variant. The water consumption in the budding phase is somewhat less in the 3rd variant as compared with the 2nd and 1.3.

times less compared to control. The number of buds in the 3rd variant is increased by 2.3 and 4 times compared with the 1st and 2nd variant

respectively.

The results of vegetation experiments indicate that the introduction of FAVGP in the root sphere during the laying of cotton seeds

in the soil, and then spraying the aerial part of the plant in the phase of 3-4 leaves and at the beginning of budding with 3% - now a solution of PVA increases the capacity for water retention, reduces the total water consumption by the plant. Comparison of data table. 1.3 and 4, it can be concluded that the best effect is obtained in Example 2 when oxidized lignite is used as the FAVHP.

An increase in water-holding capacity leads to a decrease in irrigation water consumption, to an intensification of budding, and, consequently, to an increase in cotton yields under the hot climate of Central Asia.

When using 70 kg / ha OCU, the dose of water-soluble substances is -. It is 4.2 kg / ha.

In tab. Table 5 shows the data on the effect of the CCF on the water-holding capacity of cotton leaves (water was lost during 24 hours of the plant). As can be seen from the data table. five,

the greatest water-holding capacity (the least water loss) of the leaves is manifested when the PVA cotton is sprayed and the OCW is applied to the soil (variant 3).

The following experiments were performed under field conditions. In the first part of the plant, only mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are obtained. On the second plot to the soil

additionally humus substance is introduced - brown coal oxidized with nitric acid (PCC). Both the first and second experiments consist of two options. The repetition of each option

four times. The number of plants on the microblock is 10 pcs. Cotton spraying produces blooming - fruit-growing. Soil moisture is optimal 70% PV.

Experience 1. Option first-control: cotton sprinkled with water. Option two - cotton is treated with a 3% solution of PVA.

Experiment 2. Option one - control: OKU is introduced into the soil, cotton is treated with water. - Option Two - OKU is added to the soil, cotton is treated with 3% PV solution

The test results are given in .tabl. 6 and 7. Statistical processing of the results is carried out by comparing two means of t-test at a 5% significance level.

As can be seen from Table 6, in field conditions spraying of plants with 3% solution of PVA significantly increases the water-holding capacity of leaves against the background of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, OKU (experiment 2), and against the background of only nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (experiment 1 under the action of the antitranspirant, the moisture retention capacity varies slightly.

As the data of Table 7 show, under field conditions in experiment 1, the yield of cotton against the background of NPK under the action of PVA sharply decreases, and with the root-dressing of a CCA, the yield does not change significantly.

Consumption OKU 70kg / ha, PVA consumption 30 kg / ha.

5 When using PVA in cotton grown on the background of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium-containing fertilizers), the yield is reduced by 10 centners / ha, and against NPK + OCW, the decrease is 10 2.9 centners / ha.

The water-holding capacity of the leaves is increased by 1.07% under the action of PVA on the background of NPK, on the background of NPK + + CCS by 9.06%, under the action of CCA (spraying of plants with water) by 3.16%.

Thus, the use of PVA on the background of NPK + OKU allows you to save 7.2 kg / ha of raw cotton and increase the water-holding capacity of cotton leaves by 8 times compared with the use of PVA on the background of RK (9.06% vs. 1.07% ) and 3 times compared with spraying plants with water on the background of NPK-YKU (9.06% versus 3.16%).

Table 1 .

TableA

Experience 2 1. Control (iodine) + OKU

2.0KU + PVA (3%)

Option experiences

Cotton harvest C / ha

Experience 1

1. Control (water)

2.PVS (3%)

Experience 2

1. Control (water) + OKU

2.0KU + PVA (3%)

Editor I.Nikolaychuk

Order 8341/2

Circulation 742. PodLisnoe VNIIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Branch PPP Patent, Uzhgorod, Proektna St., 4

sh

Continuation of the table.6.

4.19 9.64

t 0.5 4.76 2.78

Table7

Experience error S,%

 .h.5

3.74 .2.45

t р 4.5 0.76 2.78

Compiled by D.Satarova Tehred L.Mikesh

Proofreader E. Roshko

Claims (1)

METHOD OF HUMIDIFICATION IN COTTON PLANTS, including spraying plants with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, characterized in that, in order to increase the water-holding ability of cotton plants and increase productivity in hot conditions. climate and drought, before spraying the plants produce their root top dressing with substances of humic nature.