SU1151829A1 - Level indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A LEVEL, comprising a housing, a measuring element, connected through a flexible element with a measuring drum connected through a reducer with a spiral spring to a rotation angle converter into a code whose codes are connected to the inputs of the information processing unit, which, in order to expand the area of use by improving the accuracy of measurement and ensuring portability, the measuring element is designed as a sealed telescopic rod with an orifice of a given air flow in each of the steps, in addition to the final movable stage, one end of the fixed stage of the sealed telescopic rod is attached to the body, and the flexible element is placed in the internal cavity of the sealed telescopic rod and passed through the holes of the specified air flow, while one end is attached to the final mobile stage sealed by the telescopic rod and the internal cavity of the shaft is connected through the holes of a given air flow into the housing with the external atmosphere, while on the external surface An immobile stage; a sealed telescopic rod; a level indicator is installed, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of the information processing unit. 2. The level gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that the information processing unit is made in the form of a generator and a driver, an R5 trigger, an AND circuit, an input device, a comparator, a counter, a reversible counter, a decoder and a display panel, and the input device connected to one inputs of the comparator, to the other inputs of which potential outputs of the counter are connected, the installation input zero of which is connected iK to the first code of the angle-to-code converter, the output of the comparator is connected to the first input of the circuit I, the output of which is connected to the countgadm the counter and reversible counter inputs, the counting direction control input O) of which is connected to the second output of the angle converter into a code, and the display board is connected to the output of the remote controller, to the inputs of which the potential outputs of the reverse counter are connected, the zero setting input of which is connected to the third output of the angle converter rotation into the code and to the first invertible input of the R5 trigger, the second invertible R input of which is connected to the output of the level indicator, and the input fi5 trigger of

Description

keys to the fourth output of the converted input of the AND circuit, to the third

The rotation angle encoder in the code, while the output of the R5 trigger is connected to

1151829

the input of which is connected to a pulse generator.

The invention relates to the measurement of the level and volume of a liquid with the activation of indicator, recording and - signaling devices by electrical means and is intended for use, for example, in galvanic lines.

The need to increase the level of production in electroplating lines requires the creation of high-precision level gauges — convenient, small sizes, providing the possibility of prompt correction of solutions, which ultimately leads to saving precious materials, valuable substances, increasing the yield of useful products and ease of operation, which do not require calculations and rearrangements

A known level gauge comprising a diamagnetic case, a float and an infinite tape, a magnetically controlled contact and a permanent magnet float transducer connected to a measuring circuit, and an infinite transducer of the displacement transducer is conductive with a break in which the magnetically controlled contact is connected. that forms when passing around a permanent magnet mounted on a float and an additional permanent magnet mounted on a diamagnetic case, short a closed spiral in / uktivnogo transducer D1 measuring circuit

Dignity | Ovnomera - measurement of the fluid level in the absolute coordinate system, however, the execution of the float displacement transducer indicates the presence of a dead measurement zone, therefore a correction is necessary in the measurement circuit. This actually deprives the level gauge of its main advantage, and also necessitates an additional level gauge of the same class of measurement accuracy.

Closest to the proposed technical entity is a level gauge containing a float (measuring element) connected through a flexible element with a measuring drum connected through a reducer to a rotation angle transducer made in the form of a disk connected to a reducer with permanent magnets fixed on it and magnetic contacts biased relative to each other, a power source and a pulse counter (information processing unit) connected to the output of the angle of rotation, while A rotation angle adjuster is inserted into a differentiating RC circuit and a resistor, one of the magnetically controlled contacts of the angle converter is connected through a resistor parallel to the power supply and the differentiating CS circuit, the other magnetic control pin is connected between the common point of the capacitor and the differentiator of the differentiating circuit and one of the output terminals connected parallel to the resistor of the differentiating circuit 2.

A disadvantage of the known level gauge is the insufficient accuracy of the measurements, which is determined only by the accuracy of the angle converter, which decreases because the measuring element is made as a float when measuring the density of a liquid.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the field of use by increasing the accuracy of measurement and ensuring portability.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the gauge, comprising a housing, a measuring element connected through a flexible element to a measuring drum connected through a reducer with a spiral spring to a rotation angle transducer in the code whose outputs are connected to the outputs of the information processing unit, the measuring element is sealed telescopic rod with a hole of a given air flow in each of its stages, except for the final mobile stage, with one end of the fixed stage sealed The telescopic rod is attached to the body, and the flexible element is placed in the internal cavity of the sealed telescopic rod and is passed through the holes of a given air flow, while one end of it is attached to the final moving stage of the sealed telescopic rod, and the internal cavity of the rod is connected through the holes of the specified air flow in the housing with the external atmosphere, while on the outer surface of the fixed stage of the sealed telescopic rod is installed a warning device VHV, whose output is connected to one input of the information processing unit.

The information processing unit is executed in the form of a pulse generator, an R5 trigger, an AND circuit, an input device, a comparator, a counter, a reversible counter, a decoder and a display board, while the input device is connected to one inputs of the comparator, to the other inputs of which the potential counter outputs are connected, the input of the zero setting of which is connected to the first output of the angle-of-rotation converter into the code; the output of the comparator is connected to the first input of the AND circuit, the output of which is connected to the counting inputs of the counter and the reversible counter, the input control of the counting direction of which is connected to the second output of the angle converter in the code, and the display panel is connected to the output of the decoder, to the inputs of which the potential outputs of the reversible counter are connected, the input of which zero is connected to the third output of the angle angle converter to the code and to the nepBONry invertible R - RS-flip-flop input, the second invertible R-input of which is connected to the output of the level indicator, and S is the input

The RS flip-flop is connected to the fourth output of the angle-of-rotation converter in the code, while the RS trigger output is connected to the second input of the AND circuit, to the third input of which the pulse generator is connected.

Figure 1 presents the level gauge; FIG. 2 shows the measuring element i in FIG. 3 - the angle of rotation converter in the code, - in FIG. 4 - the information processing unit; in fig. 5 is a level indicator in FIG. 6; an input device; in FIG. 7 a pulse shaper; in FIG. 8, a circuit for extracting short pulses from the leading edge of the pulse sequence.

FIG. 1-8, the following symbols are adopted: A - potential outputs of input device 43; In the potential, the outputs of the counter 45; C - equality signal; N is a sequence of pulses coming from a rotation angle transducer into code 8 f.-generator frequency 40, W is a direction signal determined by the direction of movement of the telescopic rod, fj is a sequence of pulses arriving at the counting input of the counter 45 and the reversible counter 46; M - prohibition signal / K signal from the level indicator; L potential outputs of the reversible counter 46, P - potential outputs of the decoder 47; 3, - the setting pulse, produced by the gage when the measuring element leaves the zero position; 3, - setting pulse generated when the measuring element 1 enters the zero position,

In the level gauge device, the measuring element (FIG. 1) is attached. to the casing 2 of the level gauge, it is a multistage: sealing hollow telescopic rod 3, a flexible element 4, which is, for example, thin steel wire, attached to one of the stages of the multistage sealed telescopic rod 3, and passing through its sealed internal cavities, goes to measuring drum 5 and winds around it. Measuring drum 5, made in the form of a pulley, is connected through gearbox 6, inserted by a flat spiral spring 7 to the shaft of the angle of rotation 8 in the code, four outputs of which are connected to input i and information processing unit 9.

The multistage sealed poland telescopic rod 3 (Fig. 2) consists of a fixed stage 10, which is attached to the housing 2 of the level gauge of the mobile stage 11 and the final moving stage 12. The two adjacent steps of the rod are connected by means of internal 13 and external bushings 14. Sealing of mobile connections rod 3 is achieved by sealing rings 15, which are made, for example, from rubber rings of circular section i inserted into the outer sleeves 14, which ensures good mobility of the joints with full etizatsii rod. By sealing the inner cavity of each stage of the stem and the presence of holes; 16 given air flow in the inner sleeves 13 can achieve a given constant speed of movement of the final movable stage 12 of the rod relative to the housing 2. The number of intermediate moving stages 11 is determined by the measured level and dimensions level gauge. The choice of the diameter value of the orifice 16 of a given flow rate depends on the measurement task being solved and is selected from reasonable considerations to provide an acceptable arbitrary value of the speed of movement of the steps of the rod 3. The information processing unit 9 is adjusted based on the resulting values of the constant speed of movement of the steps of the rod 3.

The diameters of the holes of a given flow rate in 3 can be the same, and with the number of steps equal to two, to ensure the constant speed of movement of the step 12 of the telescopic rod 3 it is necessary that the same volume of air displaced from the inner cavity of the stem 3 corresponds to the same movement of the stem steps. However, when the number of stem stages is more than two, an additional error appears in maintaining a constant speed, such as the cross-sectional area of the stem stages is not the same. To exclude the presence of this additional

errors, the holes 16 of a given air flow rate in the inner sleeves of the 13 steps of the telescopic rod can be made of different diameters. It should also be noted that during the movement of the inner sleeve in the inner cavity of any step, a negative pressure may be created that counteracts the movement of the stem rod-a. To avoid this; Additional holes, grooves can be introduced into the inner bushings, or a gap can be provided by selecting the fit between the surfaces of the inner bushings 13 and the steps 10 and 11 of the measuring element. The sequence of movement of the stem stages, eliminating the simultaneous movement of several stages, is ensured by the use of sealing rings of different diameters. At the stationary stage 10 of the rod 3, the alarm device 17 is installed to command the reaching of the bath liquid surface in the information processing unit 9.

The converter 8 of the rotation angle to the code can be made in the form of a photoelectric shift sensor (Fig. 3) based on three optocouplers. 18-20, made on the light and photoelectric diodes of the modulator disk 21, with risks applied, pulse sequence formers 22-24, inverters 25-27, KopoTKiix pulse separation circuits 28-31 from the leading edge of the pulse sequence, OR 32, in which the pulse sequence N and setup signals 3 and 3 are formed, as well as the AND 33-36 circuits, the OR 37-38 circuits and the trigger 39, on the basis of which the W signal is generated. The disk modulator 21 is set so that it makes almost a turn with full movement or telescopic movement The number of scratches applied to the modulator disk 21 is determined by the required resolution of the angle-to-code converter 8. Optocoupler pairs 18 and 19 are set relative to the modulator disk 21 so as to ensure the displacement of the pulse sequences removed from the circuits 22 and 23 by 90. For generating setting pulses 3 and 3, use7

There is zero risk, which can be used as one extended risk from the scratches of modulator disk 21 used to generate a pulse sequence N. Optocoupler pair 20 is set so that its operation zone overlaps zero risk modulator disk 21 when fully telescopic stock 3.

The information processing unit 9 (Fig. 4) is designed to process signals N, W, 3f | from the angle converter 8 to the code and the signal K from the level indicator 17, the result of which is an indication of the measurement of the level or volume of the bath. Block 9 consists of a pulse generator 40, which can be implemented according to any scheme that provides frequency selection (on the order of 1-0-100 kHz), ftS triggers 41, the inputs of which receive signals 3), 3 And 42 circuits, input devices 43, comparator 44, counter 45, the installation input of which receives a pulse sequence N, a reversible counter 46, the installation input of which receives a signal 3 (, the input of the control of the counting direction signal W, and the counting input, as well as the counter input 45, pulse sequence f | s generator and 40 pulses through an AND circuit 42, controlled by a trigger 41, a decoder 47, and a display panel 48. The RS trigger signal 41 receives a signal K from a level signaling device 17, which can be performed as shown in Fig. where in pipe 49 there is The holder 50 with electrically conductive and contacts 51, The implementation scheme of the input device 43 for one digit of the decimal number is shown in Fig. 6. Depending on the setting of the five-point switch 53 in 10 positions and 4 directions, information is removed in binary-decimal code On a given number. Comparator 44 can be performed by any comparison scheme defining the sign of the equality of two numbers specified in the binary-ten code,

The Schmitt trigger is used as formers 22-24, the threshold of which is defined by the resistors R 55, the Schmitt trigger is equivalent to

29

A positive comparator 57 with a positive connection, given by a resistor 58, the scheme for extracting short pulses from the leading edge of the pulse sequence 28-31 (FIG. 8) is implemented on the inverter 60, using the time delay of the pulses on the resistor R61 and the capacitor 62, and -NE 63 and inverter 64, the circuit has two outputs: invertible and non-inverted.

Consider the sequence of actions with the level gauge in the measurement process. The level gauge can operate in two modes: level and bath volume measurements. In the level measurement mode, a number is entered into the input unit 43 depending on the calculation system used, the degree of approximation of the measurement signals, the resolution of the angle converter, etc. For metric calculus, such numbers can be, for example, the number 1, 10, 1.00,

In the volume measurement mode, a number equal to the surface area of the liquid in the bath is entered into the input device 43. The representation of this number also depends on the applied numbering system, the degree of approximation of the measurement signals, the resolution of the angle of rotation converter, and t, p. When changing the baths in this case, the number recorded in the input device 43 changes if the surface area of the baths has changed. Writing a number in the input device.43, they make a preparatory operation. First, the telescope is fully extended by hand. The casing rod 3, as a result, zeroes appear on the display panel. After zeroing the hand, the telescopic rod 3 is fully extended. As a result, the maximum number for the selected measurement range and measurement mode appears on the display panel.

Having done the preparatory operation, proceed to the measurement process. Lower the telescopic rod of the bath and touch it with the end of the bottom. Then, the level gauge and loss of balance are protected by a hand, the body 2 of the level gauge is allowed to move to the surface of the liquid under the influence of the device’s own weight, at this time 9 the measurement process occurs. When the bath closes the contacts 51, the level indicator 17 triggers, as a result of which a signal K is generated, stopping the counting on the display 48 and a fixing measurement result. Thus, the measurement process is completed, and a sufficient gap between the level indicator 17, located on the fixed stage of the telescopic rod and the level meter body, prevents the level meter body from entering the measured liquid. For the next measurement in the bath, the process is repeated, starting with the telescopic rod 3 fully moving in. The devices operate as follows. The movement of the steps of the telescopic rod 3 through the flexible element 4 is transmitted to the measuring drum 5. The rotation of the measuring drum 5 is transmitted to the disk module 21 of the rotation angle converter 8 in the code. When the modulator disk 21 is rotated, the photodiodes of the optocouple pairs 18–20 remove a sinusoidal sequence, which is converted by the formers 22–24 into a pulse sequence, and for circuits 22 and 23 into a pulse sequence with a duty cycle equal to two, the thickness defined by the risks. In this case, the signal W and the sequence of pulses are extracted from two sequences of pulses shifted by 90 taken from circuits 22 and 23. Pulse sequences taken from shapers 22 and 23 are transformed by circuits 28 and 29 into sequences of short pulses N taken from an OR 32 emitted from the leading edges of the pulses of the pulse sequences taken from circuits 22 and 23. In this case, the number of pulses of a sequence per revolution of the disk of the modulator 21 is determined by the number of marks but two-adjoint. The pulse sequences removed from the formers 22 to 23 and their inverted riants taken from the intervals 25 and 26, as well as the pulses from the circuits 28 29, are used to form the blue 29 W on the R3 trigger 39, whose input circuits are AND 33 and 34 and OR 37 for one trigger input and AND 35 and 36 and OR for another input. This uses the fact that when the modulator disk 21 moves in one direction or another, the pulses from circuits 28 and 29 are generated at different values of the potentials of the pulse sequences taken from the circuits 22, 23, 25 and 26. For generating setting pulses Zp and Z uses an optocoupler pair 20. In this case, from the photodiode of the optocoupler pair 20, a transition signal from the low to a high potential is removed at the installation to the zero position and the transition signal from the high to the low potential at the exit from the zero position is telescopic rod 3. The transition signals are converted by the forwarder 24 into installation overloads, voltage drops, from which the circuit 30 produces the signal 3 ,, taken from the non-inverted output of the circuit 30, and the circuit 31 and the inverter 27 produces the signal 3 (output signal from the zero position telescopic rod 3). Thus, the rotation angle converter 8 into the code generates signals N, W, 3 and 3, which are fed to the block 9 processing information (Fig. 4). Consider the operation of the information processing unit 9 upon receiving signals from the angle of rotation 8 and the signaling device 17 level. Before the start of the process, a number is entered into the input device 43, depending on the measurement mode. By writing the number to the input device 43, the hand fully retracts the telescopic rod 3, as a result, a setting impulse 3f is generated. The signal 3f arrives at the first R input of the trigger 24, which sets the trigger to a state that generates a prohibition signal M that prohibits the passage of pulses f from the generator 40 of pulses through the circuit 42 to the counting inputs of counters 45 and 46. . the zero of the reversible counter 46 sets it to the zero state. At the same time, pulse generation 3 generates a pulse of the sequence N, which is fed to the input of the zero-setting of counter 45, which sets it to the zero state. After holding the telescopic rod 3, the telescopic rod 3 is fully extended. At the same time, the zero-risk goes out of the zone of operation of the opto-coupler 20, as a result of which the setting impulse 3 is generated, which is applied to. RS flip-flop 24, set it in a state that allows the passage of ff pulses from the generator of 40 pulses through AND circuit 42 to the counting inputs of counters 45 and 46, since the counter 45 is set to zero state and the pulse from the sequence N, and the comparator 44 compares the numbers recorded in the input device 43 and the counter 45 also allow the passage of pulses f. The comparator 44 permits the passage of f pulses from the generator of 40 pulses through AND circuit 42 to counter 45 and reversible counter 46 until the number recorded in input device 43 compares with the number recorded in counter 45. The counter in counters 45 and 46 will stop until the second pulse of the sequence N appears, and the number recorded in the input device 43 will be fixed in them. With the arrival of the second pulse of the sequence N, the counter 45 is again zeroed, and the reversible counter is not, as it is zeroed by the signal PF, which is prepaired during the preparatory operation. Comparator 44, comparing the numbers recorded in the input device 43 and the counter 45, again allows the passage of ff pulses, i.e. the process repeats, except that the reversible counter 4 will contain the sum of the numbers counted in this and the previous tables, i.e. the numbers recorded in the input device 43 will be fixed, multiplied by two. After X ticks, equal to the number of the last pulses of the sequence in the reversible counter, the number V X.y is written, where y is the number recorded in the input device {292 V is the number recorded on the display board. At the same time, depending on the direction of movement of the telescopic rod 3, the control signal W takes the value either O or 1. The control signal W taken from the rotation angle converter 8 is fed to the control input of the reversing counter 46, and depending on its value in the counter 46, an addition or subtraction operation takes place. In particular, with the advancement of the telescopic rod 3, it is assumed that an addition operation takes place in the counter 46, and with an advance, a subtraction operation takes place. The V number recorded in the reversible counter 46 is decrypted with the decoder 47 and displayed on the display panel 48, which is a building block of display lamps. To carry out a fully preparatory operation, it is necessary to fully extend the telescopic rod 3, which corresponds to the number on the display panel, the maximum for the selected measurement range and measuring mode of the level gauge, and selected by adjusting the full extension value. This achieves a higher accuracy of measurement, since when the telescopic rod 3 is extended by an arbitrary value, the maximum measurement error increases by the discrete value of the measurements. At the same time, by ensuring constructively the speed of extension of the telescopic rod 3, which is less important than the value, it is possible to make full movement of the rod 3 by hand at any speed, which does not affect the health of the information processing unit 9. Having completed the full movement of the telescopic rod 3, proceed directly to the measurement process. The rod 3 is lowered into the bath and touched by its end of the bottom. Beyond that, the gauge protects the gauge from loss of equilibrium by hand, allows the hull 2 of the gauge to move to the surface of the liquid under the influence of the weight of the device. On expiration of X cycles, equal to the number of passed pulses of the sequence N with advancing after the full extension of the telescopic rod 3, the number V - Z.- Xy is recorded in the reversing counter 46, the number recorded in the reverse counter 46 when the rod is fully exhausted 3. The measurement process ends when the contact bath closes the liquid; 51 level signaling devices 17, as a result, the signal KS which sets the F-trigger 24 on the R input, prohibits the passage of pulses f / | through the circuit 42, the counting in the counters 45 and 46 is stopped and the result is recorded on the display board. The moment of operation of the level indicator 17 is arbitrary and therefore it can either coincide with the pulse of the sequence N, turn out to be between the pulses of the sequence, no3TONry in the measurement process, the reversible counter 46 fixes a number equal to the number Z minus the integer number of pulses of the sequence N that passed during advance total stock movement, 3, multiplied by the number y, recorded in the input device 43, minus. (|) (integer number of pulses), which passed from the generator 40 pulses to the counting inputs of counters 45 and 46 from the time they passed; 1, the last pulse from the sequence N until the moment when the signaling device 17 of the level J t, e. The value of the measured level or volume is equal to VZ Х.у - (, 1. (2 As can be seen from the gauge operation of the level gauge, in the interval between two pulses of a sequence p versus HF, the counter46 counts the number of pulses from the generator of 40 pulses equal to device 4J input. Due to the sealing of the cavity of the telescopic rod and the presence of holes of a given air flow rate, it is possible to achieve a certain amount of air flow and choose the desired speed and movement of the telescopic rod, 1 Stability rate The rod displacement is rather high. Due to the constant movement of the rod displacement, the angle converter 8 generates a sequence N of a constant frequency fj. You chose a frequency of 40 pulses a little larger than, y (taking into account the frequency instability f) S we get the interval between two pulses of a sequence of N divisions by the number recorded in the input device 43. Thus, in the process of measurement, the reversible counter 46 fixes a number equal to VZ - Xy - (. Hence, it is obvious that the measurement accuracy increases as the measurement resolution increases, which in this case is 3–9 1. measuring range; And - the number of pulses of the sequence: N converters of the angle of rotation, taken in one turn. The gauge has a small size and weight, a small current consumption and can be made portable with battery power. High accuracy of measurement of fluid volume, portability can be useful for prompt correction of solutions based on noble metals and valuable substances in places where there are many different baths.

year

ig $

Phi .6

FIG. eight

In8db1k

Claims (2)

1. LEVELING device, comprising a housing, a measuring element connected through a flexible element to a measuring drum connected through a reducer with a spiral spring to a transducer of the angle of rotation into a code, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the information processing unit, characterized in that, in order to expand the scope of use by increasing the accuracy of measurement and ensuring portability, the measuring element is made in the form of a sealed telescopic rod with a hole of a given air flow in each of the steps, except for a movable step, wherein one end of the fixed step of the sealed telescopic rod is attached to the housing, and the flexible element is placed in the internal cavity of the sealed telescopic rod and passed through the holes of a given air flow, while one end of it is attached to the final movable stage of the sealed telescopic rod and the inner cavity of the rod is connected through the openings of a given air flow rate into the housing with the external atmosphere, while on the outer surface it is motionless of the first stage, a sealed telescopic rod, a level switch is installed, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of the information processing unit. 2. Level gauge pop. 1, characterized in that the information processing unit is made in the form of a pulse generator, R5-trigger, circuit I, input device, comparator, counter, reverse counter S k, decoder and display panel, while the input device is connected to one the inputs of the comparator, to the other inputs of which the potential outputs of the counter are connected, the zero-setting input of which is connected to the first output of the angle-to-angle converter, the output of the comparator is connected to the first input of the AND circuit, the output of which is connected to the counting inputs of the counter and a dividing counter, the input of the direction control of the account of which is connected to the second output of the angle-to-angle converter, the display panel is connected to the output of the decoder, the inputs of which are connected to the potential outputs of the reverse counter, the zero-setting input of which is connected to the third output of the angle-to-code converter and to the first invertible R-input of the R5-trigger, the second invertible R-input of which is connected to the output of the level switch, and the 6-input of the R5-trigger under the SU .... 1151829 1 151829 keys to the fourth output of the angle-to-angle converter, while the output of the R6 trigger is connected to the second input of the I circuit, to the third input of which a pulse generator is connected.