SU1147267A1 - Method of sorting fruit by quality - Google Patents

Abstract

1. METHOD FOR SORTING FRUITS BY QUALITY, including heat treatment, cooling, measurement of the parameter being monitored, comparing it with a given one, forming a command signal: SSJi34. : V nal, nodachu it on the excipient.and the mechanism for separating the fruit into fractions of appropriate quality, characterized in that, in order to increase the number of fractions of fruit sorting with the use of new sorting accuracy taking into account the degree of damage, the control of the latter is carried out the current value of the time integral function V (t) 5U (t) H) (ii: becomes equal to the specified value, where U (t) is the monitored parameter of the node, jd) is the given weighting function. 2. Method but also. 1, characterized in that during the measurement of the size to be calibrated, the fruits do not shuffle over the bunkers to collect seed deeds of different quality for a period of 3 to 20 s. (L, "You ot

Description

fe./ The invention relates to the field of processing agricultural products, in particular to the sorting of potatoes, beets, block, nuts and other fruits before storing them for storage, industrial processing or sale through a commercial network. There are known methods for sorting fruits by quality, including heat treatment, cooling, measuring the monitored parameter, comparing it with a given one, generating a command signal, feeding it to the actuator for performing injection of fruits of appropriate quality 1 and 2. The lack of known methods consists in the fact that using it is impossible to sort the fruits by quality in more than two fractions due to low recognition ability. The purpose of the invention is to increase the number of fruit sorting fractions by testing accuracy, sorting according to the degree of damage. The goal is achieved by the fact that according to the quality of fruit sorting according to quality, including heat treatment, cooling, measurement of a controlled parameter, comparing it with a given one, generating a command signal, feeding it to an actuator for dividing fruit into fractions of appropriate quality, the latter is controlled but by the time value t, during which the current value of the time integral function V (t) sU (t) J (() (it becomes equal to the specified value, where lJ (t) is the controlled parameter fruit a, f (t) is a given weighting function. During the measurement of the monitored parameter, the fruit is moved over the bunkers to collect fruits of different quality for 3-20 s. Fig. 1 shows the setup diagram for the implementation of the method; Fig. 2 - the same , view A in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of cells for monitoring the quality of fruits, and Figures 4-6 are graphs of the time variation of the monitored parameter U (t) and the time integral functions V (t) for fruits of different quality. A device for carrying out the fruit sorting method includes a storage bin 1, a device 2 for feeding fruits one by one, a conveyor 3, a heater 4, a cooler 5, a guide device 6, a rotating cylindrical rotor 7 with mounted cells 8 for quality control fruits, silos j - 12 for collecting sorted fruits. Cells 8 are made in the form of a truncated pyramid, whose vertex is directed downward. A sensor 13 of a monitored parameter is installed above the open top of each cell (for example, sensors of radiation temperature, intensity of infrared radiation, or heat flux). The sensor 13 of the parameter being monitored is connected to the integrator 14, the output of which is fed to the input of the converter 15 comparing the current value of the time integral function V (t} with the set value Vj and controlling the operation of the actuator 16 connected by bar 17 with the flap 18. Gate 18 ensures the retention of the fetus 19 in the cell during the measurement of the controlled parameter U (t) and the discharge of the fetus 19 from the cell when the time integral function is described, described by the dependence V (t) 3 U (t) i (t) (ii of the given value Vj, where t- the current residence time of the fetus in the control zone, U (t) is the controlled parameter of the fetus. (t) is the predetermined weighting function of time. The method is as follows. The fruits from storage hopper 1 (Fig. 1) are placed on conveyor 3, with the help of which they are successively fed through heat treatment zones equipped with a heater 4 and cooling equipped with a cooler 5. After cooling, the fruits enter the control zone, made in the form of a rotor 7 with a non-mounted cell 8. In the zone fruit control using n channeling separating apparatus 6 is placed in the cell poschtuchno 8. By rotation of the rotor 7 of the cell 8 are moved at a constant velocity over the collecting hoppers 9-12 different fruit quality. The monitored parameter U (l) is measured by the sensor 13 during the entire time (3-20 s) of the fetus staying in the control zone in the cell 8. At the same time, the integrator 14 calculates the current value of the time integral function V (t) | U (t) -p (t) it. The resulting signal from the output of the integrator 14 is supplied to the input of the converter 15, in which the time integral function V (t) is compared with the specified value Vj. Fetal quality control is carried out at a time t, during which the current value of the time integral function V. (t) becomes equal to the specified value Vj, and the resulting signal is fed to the actuator 16, which throws the fruit out of the control zone into one of the bins 9-12 . Sorting of fruits is ensured by the fact that the controlled parameter U (t) of fruits of different quality varies in different ways, and accordingly, the time integral function V (t) S U (t) p (t) dl

becomes equal to the specified value Vj at different times (for example, Figs. 4-6 show areas of time variation of the controlled parameter U (t) and time integral functions). V, (t) I lJ (t) dt, (t) sll and V (t) J L (t). p (t). for fruits of different quality.

The graphs of the time variation of the controlled parameter U (t) and the time integral functions Vi (t),) for high quality fruits (grade 1) pass through areas 20. For good quality fruits with small defects (grade 2), graphs and (t) Vi (t) Ug (t) passes through areas 21. For fruits of satisfactory quality with significant defects (grade 3), graphs U (t), Ui (t), Ua (t) pass through areas 22. For defective fruits, graphics U {t), Vi {t),) pass through regions 23. Thus (Fig. 5 and 6}, the time integral functions Vi (t) and Vj (t) in the case of first-grade fruits in the case of second-class nlodos, in the period t, in the case of third-grade fruits, in the period of time, and in the case of defective fruits, bins 9–12 are made so that 8 with a controlled fruit in the time interval t, it, are above the bunker 9, in the time interval t above the hopper 10, in the time interval -ts - above the bunker 11, and in the time interval t ti - above the bunker 12. Thus, in the considered example of the implementation of the fruit sorting method, a section is provided The fruit is divided into four fractions. Obviously, separation can be done in the same way.

0 fruits into three or five fractions.

In the proposed method, it is useful that by specifying the weighting function 9 (t) it is possible to change the time points t, t ,, t, tj and determine the duration of the intervals.

5, the time integral of which the time integral function V (t) becomes equal to a given value. For example, with 5 (t) 1, the time integral function V (t) -SU (t) dt for 3 grade varieties becomes

0 is equal to the specified value at 22 s, and at y (t) ke the time integral function Vt (t). Г Ll (t) ke ctl becomes equal to the specified value at, 18 s. Thus, in the case of (t) ke, it is possible to mix the residence time n, 1 year in the cell, which means that with the rotor 7, you can increase its rotational speed and increase the efficiency of the installation.

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Claims (2)

1. SORTING METHOD QUALITY FRUITS, including heat treatment, cooling, measurement of a controlled parameter, comparing it with a given one, generating a command signal, feeding it to an actuator to separate the fruits into fractions of different quality, which differs from that. that, in order to increase the number of fruit sorting fractions by increasing the sorting accuracy taking into account the degree of damage, the latter is controlled by the value of time t, during which the current value of the time integral function V (f) = SU (t) $ (t) dt becomes equal a given value, where U (t) is the controlled fetal parameter, y (|) is the given weight function. 2. Method but π. 1, characterized in that during the measurement of the controlled parameter, the fruits are moved over the bins to collect fruits of various quality for 3 to 20 seconds. ® SU „„ 1147267