SU1119711A1 - Filter for purifying water - Google Patents

Abstract

1. FILTER FOR CLEANING WATER, comprising a housing, a filtering load of large and small granules of filter material, a drainage-distribution system for collecting filtrate and washing water supply, located in the lower, part of the housing under the loading, and means for supplying initial and discharging WATER located in the upper part of the body, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity and capacity of the filter by increasing the volume of the pore space and the filtering surface, it is equipped with A horizontal perforated partition, the holes of which are made larger than the small granules and smaller than the large loading granules, and the filtering loading from the large granules is located on the partition. 2. The filter according to claim I, characterized in that it is provided with an additional perforated partition; large loading granules are made floating and are located under an additional partition. 3. Filter on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the ratio of the diameters of the large and small granules is I-20: 60. // /

Description

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FIG. one

The invention relates to a device for the purification of water by filtration and can be used in the purification of high-natural and, mainly, for the purification of wastewater after their biological treatment.

A filter with a descending stream of purified water is known, in the casing of which there are two-layer granular loading of quartz sand and crushed anthracite, a water supply system and a filtrate drainage system, a flushing system for charging in an upstream flow, and a special device for additional surface washing of loading 1.

The disadvantage of this filter is the impossibility of using the most efficient airborne method of regenerating the filter charge, since a rather small and light anthracite can be removed from the filter as a result of the floating effect of air bubbles. Therefore, such a filter must additionally be equipped with a special rather complex system for washing the surface layer of the load.

Closest to the invention, by its technical essence, is a frame-filling filter for water purification, comprising a body, a filtering load, made in the form of a skeleton made of coarse-grained gravel and fine-grained sand fill, at a ratio of 40-60 diameters of their grains or granules placed in the bottom part of the pore space of the gravel frame, a drainage distribution system for collecting the filtrate and supplying wash water, located in the lower part of the hull under the load, and means for supplying the initial and drain water flush, located in the upper part of the body. Regeneration of the loading is carried out by water flushing in an upward flow with movement of the fine-grained loading of the lower layer in the pores of the fixed coarse-grained loading, which ensures effective washing of the bottom and the surface of the grains of the carcass 2.

The disadvantages of the known frame-bed filter are small porosity not exceeding 20% and the filtering surface of the lower layer of its loading is small, since more than half of the volume of this layer is occupied by large grains of the gravel frame. This limits the capacity and performance of the entire filter.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and dirt-holding capacity of the filter by increasing the volume of the pore space and the filtering surface.

The goal is achieved by the fact that a water purification filter containing

a filtering body from large and small granules of filter material, a drainage-distribution system for collecting filtrate and washing water supply, located in the lower part of the body under the load, and means for supplying and discharging the washing water, located in the upper part of the body, is provided with In the case of a horizontal perforated partition, the openings of which are made larger than small granules and smaller than large loading granules, and the filtering loading from large granules is located on and septum.

5 In addition, the filter can be equipped with an additional perforated partition, large loading granules are floating and located under an additional partition.

In this case, the ratio of the diameters of the large and small granules is 1-20: 60. FIG. Figure 1 shows the proposed filter with a heavy coarse load, section; in fig. 2 - the same, with floating coarse loading.

5 The filter consists of a housing 1 with a bottom 2 layer of fine-grained load and an upper layer of coarse-grained load held by a fixed horizontal separation grille 4 with openings smaller than the size of the upper granules and larger than the grain of the lower layers of the load. The filter is equipped with water supply systems, drainage of filtrate, water-air regeneration of the load, including pipelines for the supply of source water

5, discharging filtrate 6, supplying wash water 7, discharging it 8, supplying air 9, a drainage distributor grid 10, and troughs 11 for distributing wash water.

Bottom fine-grained filtering

 loading layer 2 can be made of quartz sand or other "heavy fine-grained material that meets the standard requirements for filter loading. Upper coarse-grained layer

5 3 filter loading can be made of gravel, rubble or other "heavy coarse-grained material.

If the upper coarse-grained layer 12 is formed from floating grains, then it is fixed in the filled state

0 horizontal retaining perforated partition 13, the clearance of which is less than the grain size of the upper layer. Expanding shinging granules, glass fiber, polystyrene foam, glass hollow balls and other similarly closed cellular floating granules can be used as a floating load. The minimum possible ratio of the diameters of the large and small granules of the load should be 1-20: 60. With this ratio, an additional positive effect is created compared with the known device, which consists in increasing the degree of retention of the suspensions.

The filter works as follows.

Purified water enters through conduit 5 and through - chute 11 is evenly distributed over the filter area, from top to bottom, first upper coarse-grained filter layer 3, where oco-. from the largest suspended particles, and then the lower fine-grained layer 2, where it is cleaned of a fine suspension. Purified water (filtrate) is discharged through a drainage distributor grate 10 and conduit 6.

The regeneration of the filter charge is carried out in the upstream air flow. To do this, the valves on the source water supply pipe 5 and the filtrate 6 drain are closed, the valves on the air supply pipe 9, the wash water supply 7 and the wash water drain 8 are opened. In this case, the lower fine-grained layer 2 of the filter charge is weighed and expanded, the air holes pass. the lattices 4 and further moves in the pores of the upper coarse-grained

loading layer 3, the grains of which remain fixed. This ensures intensive washing of small grains and cleaning of the surface of large grains of the upper filter layer from contamination.

The intensity of the leaching air-water flow is chosen so that the fine grains of the lower layer penetrate the entire volume of the upper layer, not going far beyond its upper boundary.

At the end of the rinse, the rinse water supply is first stopped. In this case, the fine grains return to the initial position under the action of the force of gravity. Counter airflow of a certain intensity accelerates the separation of the layers.

Compared with the known frame filter, the proposed filter

The filter has the technical and economic advantages of increasing the productivity and soil capacity of the filter by increasing the volume of the pore space and the filtering surface of the lower fine-grained loading layer with the same geometric dimensions of the filters while maintaining high efficiency of water purification and regeneration of the filtering load.

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Claims (3)

1. FILTER FOR WATER CLEANING, comprising a housing filtering the loading of large and small granules of filter material, a drainage distribution system for collecting the filtrate and supplying washing water, located in the lower part of the housing under the loading, and means for supplying the source and discharge of washing water located in the upper part of the housing, characterized in that, in order to increase the performance and dirt capacity of the filter by increasing the volume of the pore space and the filtering surface, it is equipped with located in the housing rizontalnoy apertured partition whose openings are larger than the fine granules and smaller than the large granule load and filtering load of the kibbles is located on the partition. 2. Filter by π. 1, characterized in that it is provided with an additional perforated partition), large loading granules are made floating and located under the additional partition. 3. The filter according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the ratio of the diameters of large and small granules is 1-20: 60. ¢ 7 ^. 7