CN113893608A - Suspension quick filter device - Google Patents
Suspension quick filter device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113893608A CN113893608A CN202111194819.2A CN202111194819A CN113893608A CN 113893608 A CN113893608 A CN 113893608A CN 202111194819 A CN202111194819 A CN 202111194819A CN 113893608 A CN113893608 A CN 113893608A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a suspension rapid filtration device, which comprises: the inner cavity of the tank body is divided into a pre-settling area, a filtering area and a water storage area by a partition wall, and the bottoms of the pre-settling area and the filtering area are communicated to form a sludge discharge area; the upper end of the filtering area is communicated with the water storage area, a filter material bearing plate and a suspended filter material which is freely suspended and filled in a water body above the filter material bearing plate are arranged in the filtering area, the filter material bearing plate is used for filtering an upward flowing water body, and the suspended filter material is used for automatically adjusting the thickness of a filter layer in the water under the comprehensive action of water flow, buoyancy, gravity and filter resistance so as to form variable filter layer thickness filtering with the porosity gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the water body; the sludge discharge area is used for temporarily storing sludge and filtering out impurities. The invention provides a rapid filtering device suitable for initial rainwater and combined overflow sewage, which has a simple structure, can effectively remove larger impurities, silt, suspended matters and attachments thereof in inlet water, and has high removal efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a suspension rapid filtration device.
Background
The initial rainwater dissolves a large amount of acid gas, automobile exhaust, factory waste gas and the like in the air, and flushes pollutants on impervious surfaces such as roofs, roads and the like after falling to the ground, so that the pollutants contain a large amount of pollutants. The combined sewage contains rainwater, domestic sewage and even industrial wastewater, has the pollution characteristics of three kinds of sewage, and has various pollutants, high concentration and complex components. The initial rainwater or combined system overflow sewage is directly discharged to cause serious damage to the water environment, and the urban non-point source pollution becomes the main cause of urban water pollution in China at present.
Suspended matters are important carriers for attaching pollutants in initial rainwater and combined overflow sewage and are also important output forms of water pollutants. Therefore, the removal of suspended matter is an effective way to reduce the load of water pollution, and the filtration can effectively remove suspended matter in water, and thus attention is gradually paid to the treatment of initial rainwater and combined overflow sewage.
At present, the main removing mechanism of suspended matters in initial rainwater and combined overflow sewage in China is precipitation or filtration. For example, chinese patent No. CN105040804B discloses a floating filter device at the end of a split-flow rainwater drainage system, which comprises a filter chamber with a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the filter chamber comprises: the drainage channel drains the water body from the water inlet downwards; the suspended matter separation area comprises a filtering channel which upwards flows through a filtering body and a floating filtering layer filled in the filtering channel; and the settling zone is positioned below the suspended matter separation zone and is used for collecting the impurities filtered by the suspended matter separation zone. The device simple structure need not power, can get rid of aquatic part suspended solid and go up adnexed other pollutants, but filter fineness is lower, and the pollutant removal effect is limited, floats the baffle that the filter bed top set up and leads to the filter bed easily to block up, and the filtering resistance loss is big, and the filter bed flushing effect is poor, needs frequently to carry out the back flush in order to resume the filtering quality of filter bed.
For example, chinese patent document No. CN209161714U discloses an integrated precipitation filter device for sewage treatment, which includes a body and a partition wall, the body space is divided into a precipitation zone, a filtration zone and a device room, a water inlet is provided on the upper portion of the precipitation zone, an overflow trough and a water outlet pipe are provided on the upper portion of the partition wall of the precipitation zone and the filtration zone, the water outlet pipe is communicated with the lower portion of the filtration zone, a filter plate is provided on the middle portion of the filtration zone, a water permeable hole is provided on the filter plate, quartz sand is laid on the filter plate, a drain hole is provided on the upper portion of the filtration zone, and the drain hole is connected to a drain tank through a drain pipe. The device is integrated to deposit, filtering capability, can get rid of the suspended solid in the sewage, and it is better to go out water quality of water, but the device structure is complicated, the easy short flow of settling zone, and it is higher to adopt quartz sand as filter material filtration resistance, and head loss is big, and the filtering layer easily blocks up, only sets up the water washing, and the water head that utilizes filtering layer upper portion to strain back water washing is not enough, washes intensity inadequately, and the filtering layer washes the effect limitedly, influences the filter effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a suspension rapid filtration device, which aims to solve the technical problems of complex structure, low filtration precision and limited pollutant removal effect of the existing filtration precipitation device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a floating rapid filtration device comprising: the inner cavity of the tank body is divided into a pre-settling area, a filtering area and a water storage area which are sequentially arranged by a partition wall, the bottoms of the pre-settling area and the filtering area are communicated to form a sludge discharge area, and the upper end of the filtering area is communicated with the water storage area; the pre-settling zone is used for pre-settling the entering sewage and enabling the sewage to form downward flow in the pre-settling zone; the upper end of the filtering area is communicated with the water storage area so as to enable the water body in the filtering area to form upward flow flowing upwards, a filter material bearing plate and a suspended filter material which is freely suspended and filled in the water body above the filter material bearing plate are arranged in the filtering area, the filter material bearing plate is used for filtering the water body flowing upwards and preventing the suspended filter material from falling downwards to the sludge discharge area, and the suspended filter material is used for automatically adjusting the thickness of a filter layer in the water under the comprehensive action of water flow, buoyancy, gravity and filtering resistance so as to form filter with the thickness of the filter layer changed by gradually reducing the porosity along the flowing direction of the water body; the sludge discharge area is used for temporarily storing sludge and filtering out impurities.
Furthermore, the porosity of the suspension filter material is more than 90%, and the density is 0.90-0.98 g/cm3The bulk density is 98-100 kg/m3。
Furthermore, the filter material bearing plate is horizontally arranged and close to the mud discharge area, and the periphery of the filter material bearing plate is respectively connected with the partition walls on the corresponding sides; the filter material bearing plate is a steel wire mesh or a pore plate provided with filter holes which are uniformly distributed at intervals.
Furthermore, the suspension rapid filter device also comprises a plurality of groups of water outlet overflow chutes for enabling the filtered water body to overflow outwards; the multiple groups of water outlet overflow chutes are sequentially arranged above the suspended filter material at intervals along the width direction of the filtering area, and the flow outlet end of each water outlet overflow chute is communicated with the water storage area.
Furthermore, the water outlet overflow trough comprises an overflow trough body with an opening at the upper end and in a ditch shape, the overflow trough body is arranged along the length direction of the filtering area, the starting end of the overflow trough body is abutted against the partition wall on the corresponding side, and the opposite outflow end of the overflow trough body penetrates through the partition wall on the corresponding side and then extends into the water storage area; two sides of the overflow groove body are respectively connected with filter screens arranged along the length direction of the sides, the two filter screens are obliquely arranged towards the middle of the overflow groove body, and the top edges of the two filter screens are connected in a close mode.
Furthermore, a water distribution tank for uniformly distributing water to the pre-settling zone is arranged on the inner wall surface of the partition wall of the pre-settling zone, the water distribution tank is positioned at the upper end of the pre-settling zone and extends along the length or width direction of the pre-settling zone, and water outlet holes uniformly arranged at intervals along the length direction of the water distribution tank are formed in the side wall of the water distribution tank; the suspension rapid filtration device also comprises a conveying pipe network, wherein the conveying pipe network comprises a water inlet pipe group communicated with the water distribution tank so as to send external sewage into the water distribution tank, a water outlet pipe group communicated with the water storage area so as to lead out the treated water body, and a sewage discharge pipe group communicated with the sludge discharge area so as to discharge sludge and sundries outwards.
Furthermore, the suspension rapid filter device also comprises a double-layer anisotropic inclined plate used for settling the silt in the sewage; the double-layer anisotropic inclined plates are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length or width direction of the pre-settling zone, and each double-layer anisotropic inclined plate comprises two sludge settling plates with intersecting included angles.
Furthermore, the suspension rapid filtration device also comprises a liquid level detector for detecting the height of the liquid level in the pre-settling zone, wherein the liquid level detector is connected to the inner wall surface of the pre-settling zone partition wall and is connected with an external control device; the suspension rapid filter device also comprises a backwashing device used for backwashing the pre-settling zone, the filtering zone and the sludge discharge zone, wherein the backwashing device comprises an aeration flushing device used for aeration flushing, the aeration flushing device is arranged outside the tank body, and the air outlet end of the aeration flushing device extends to the lower parts of the pre-settling zone and the filtering zone respectively so as to be automatically opened when the liquid level in the pre-settling zone reaches a set height, and the aeration flushing is alternately carried out on the pre-settling zone and the filtering zone.
Further, the aeration flushing device comprises an air blower arranged outside the tank body, an aeration main pipe communicated with the air blower, a first aeration branch pipe and a second aeration branch pipe which are respectively communicated with the aeration main pipe, a first switch valve arranged in the first aeration branch pipe and a second switch valve arranged in the second aeration branch pipe; the blower, the first switch valve and the second switch valve are respectively connected with the control device; the first aeration branch pipes extend to the lower part of the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate to be uniformly arranged after penetrating through the sludge discharge area, and the second aeration branch pipes extend to the lower part of the filter material bearing plate to be uniformly arranged after penetrating through the sludge discharge area.
Furthermore, a bottom plate of the sludge discharge area is also provided with a sludge guide plate, and the sludge guide plate gradually inclines downwards from the filtering area to the pre-settling area; the bottom plate of the water storage area is higher than the position of the filter material bearing plate; the back washing device also comprises a water washing device used for washing water, the water inlet end of the water washing device is communicated with the bottom plate of the water storage area, and the opposite water discharging end of the water washing device extends to the starting end of the mud guide plate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the device, the filtering area adopts a combined structure of a suspended filtering material and a filtering material bearing plate with holes, the underwater filtering material of the suspended filtering material forms an ideal filtering layer which is dense at the top and sparse at the bottom, the holes are gradually reduced along the water flow direction, so that layered filtering is realized, the filtering material bearing plate can effectively intercept sundries with larger volume in water, such as leaves and the like, the bottom layer of the filtering material of the suspended filtering material intercepts suspended matters with larger size, the holes of the filtering layer are gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and the rest suspended matters with smaller size are intercepted, so that the combined structure of the filtering area can have good intercepting effect on sundries with various sizes, the dirt intercepting capability of the whole filtering layer is fully utilized, the dirt intercepting capacity of the filtering layer is increased, and the filtering period of the whole device is prolonged; the suspended filter material is freely arranged, the top of the suspended filter material is not provided with a pressing plate, the suspended filter material freely moves under the comprehensive action of multiple gravities such as water flow, buoyancy, gravity, filtering resistance and the like, in the initial filtering stage, the buoyancy is dominant, a filter layer with a certain thickness floats on the water surface, the weight of the filter material is continuously increased along with the filtering, and the filter layer sinks into the water along with the increase of the weight of the filter material, so that the filter material is continuously and automatically supplemented into the water, therefore, the device can automatically adjust the thickness of the suspended filter material in the filter layer in the water according to the stress condition of the filter layer, realize the filtering with the variable thickness of the filter layer, ensure the removal effect and the water outlet quality of pollutants of the device, and simultaneously reduce the total head loss of a single filtering period, and the filtering material can be supplemented and replaced in time conveniently due to the absence of the pressing plate on the top of the filter layer; the device provided by the invention aims at the problems in the existing primary rainwater and combined overflow sewage filtering technology, and provides an integrated rapid filtering device suitable for primary rainwater and combined overflow sewage, which has the advantages of simple structure, high treatment speed, low head loss, good treatment effect, small occupied area, convenience in operation and maintenance management, low comprehensive cost, capability of effectively removing larger impurities, silt, suspended matters and attachments thereof in inlet water, and high removal efficiency.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a suspension rapid filter device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the effluent overflow trough of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the water distribution tank of fig. 1.
Description of the figures
10. A tank body; 11. a partition wall; 12. a mud guide plate; 101. a pre-settling zone; 102. a filtration zone; 103. a water storage area; 104. a sludge discharge area; 105. a water distribution tank; 106. a water outlet hole; 20. a filter material bearing plate; 30. suspending a filter material; 40. a water outlet overflow groove; 41. an overflow trough body; 42. filtering with a screen; 50. a double-layer anisotropic inclined plate; 61. a water inlet pipe group; 62. a water outlet pipe group; 63. a sewage draining pipe set; 71. an aeration flushing device; 711. a blower; 712. an aeration main pipe; 713. a first aeration branch pipe; 714. a second aeration branch pipe; 715. a first on-off valve; 716. a second on-off valve; 72. a water washing device; 721. flushing the main pipe; 722. a third on-off valve; 723. and flushing the branch pipe.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Referring to fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a floating rapid filtration apparatus, including: the inner cavity of the pool body 10 is divided into a pre-settling area 101, a filtering area 102 and a water storage area 103 which are sequentially arranged through a partition wall 11, and the bottoms of the pre-settling area 101 and the filtering area 102 are communicated to form a sludge discharge area 104; the pre-settling zone 101 is used for pre-settling the incoming sewage and making the sewage form a downward flow in the pre-settling zone; the upper end of the filtering area 102 is communicated with the water storage area 103, so that the water body in the filtering area 102 forms upward flowing upward flow, a filter material bearing plate 20 and a suspended filter material 30 which is freely suspended and filled in the water body above the filter material bearing plate 20 are arranged in the filtering area 102, the filter material bearing plate 20 is used for filtering the upward flowing water body and preventing the suspended filter material 30 from falling downwards to the sludge discharge area 104, and the suspended filter material 30 is used for automatically adjusting the thickness of a filter layer in the water under the comprehensive action of water flow, buoyancy, gravity and filtering resistance so as to form filtering with the thickness of the filter layer which is changed in such a way that the porosity is gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the water body; the sludge discharge area 104 is used for temporarily storing sludge and filtered impurities.
When the suspension rapid filtration device works, initial rainwater to be treated outside and sewage such as combined overflow sewage enter the pre-settling zone 101, downward flow flowing downwards is formed in the pre-settling zone 101, the sewage is pre-settled under the action of the pre-settling zone 101, and the settled sludge is temporarily stored in the sludge discharge zone 104; the sewage of downward flow enters the filtering area 102 from the bottom of the pre-settling area 101 and the filtering area 102 after pre-settling, and upward flow flowing upwards is formed in the filtering area 102, in the upward flow flowing process, firstly, the sewage passes through the primary filtering action of the filter material bearing plate 20 to filter out impurities with larger volume, such as leaves and the like in the sewage, the sewage continues to flow upwards through the suspension filter material 30 after passing through the primary action of the filter material bearing plate 20, the lower layer filter material of the suspension filter material 30 intercepts suspended matters with larger volume, and the upper layer filter material further intercepts and adsorbs fine suspended matters; the water body trapped and filtered by the suspended filter material overflows from the upper end of the filtering area 102 to the water storage area 103 for storage, trapped impurities are temporarily stored in the sludge discharge area 104, and finally sludge and impurities in the sludge discharge area 104 are uniformly discharged outwards.
In the device, the filtering area 102 adopts a combined structure of the suspended filtering material 30 and the filtering material bearing plate 20 with pores, the underwater filtering material of the suspended filtering material forms an ideal filtering layer which is dense at the top and sparse at the bottom, the pores are gradually reduced along the water flow direction, so that layered filtering is realized, the filtering material bearing plate 20 can effectively intercept sundries with larger volume in water, such as leaves and the like, the suspended substance with larger size is intercepted at the bottom layer of the filtering material of the suspended filtering material 30, the pores of the filtering layer are gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and the rest suspended substance with smaller size is intercepted, so that the combined structure of the filtering area 102 in the invention can have good interception effect on sundries with various sizes, the whole dirt interception capability of the filtering layer is fully utilized, the dirt interception capacity of the filtering layer is increased, and the filtering period of the whole device is prolonged; the suspended filter material 30 is freely arranged, the top of the suspended filter material is not provided with a pressing plate, the suspended filter material 30 freely moves under the comprehensive action of multiple gravities such as water flow, buoyancy, gravity, filtering resistance and the like, in the initial stage of filtering, the buoyancy is dominant, a filter layer with a certain thickness floats on the water surface, the weight of the filter material is continuously increased along with the filtering, and the filter layer sinks into the water along with the continuous increase of the weight of the filter material, so that the filter material is continuously and automatically supplemented into the water, therefore, the device can automatically adjust the thickness of the suspended filter material in the filter layer in the water according to the stress condition of the filter layer, realize the filtering with the variable thickness of the filter layer, ensure the removal effect and the water outlet quality of pollutants of the device, and simultaneously reduce the total head loss of a single filtering period, and the filtering material can be timely supplemented and replaced conveniently due to the absence of the pressing plate on the top of the filter layer; the device provided by the invention aims at the problems in the existing primary rainwater and combined overflow sewage filtering technology, and provides an integrated rapid filtering device suitable for primary rainwater and combined overflow sewage, which has the advantages of simple structure, high treatment speed, low head loss, good treatment effect, small occupied area, convenience in operation and maintenance management, low comprehensive cost, capability of effectively removing larger impurities, silt, suspended matters and attachments thereof in inlet water, and high removal efficiency.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 1, the total planar size of the tank body 10 is 13.6 × 2.5m, the total height is 3.2m, and the designed treatment capacity is 3000m3And d, the tank body 10 is made of a carbon steel anti-corrosion material, a color steel plate is coated outside the tank body, and the adjacent pre-settling zone 101, the filtering zone 102 and the water storage zone 103 share the partition wall 11 pairwise, so that the tank body 10 is simple in structure, easy to prepare and low in manufacturing cost.
Optionally, the shape of the suspension filter material 30 is one or more of a cylinder, a polyhedron, a disc and a sphere, and the suspension filter material comprises an outer net body and non-woven fabrics filled in the outer net body; the porosity of the suspension filter material 30 is more than 90%, and the density is 0.90-0.98 g/cm3The bulk density is 98-100 kg/m3. In the alternative, the suspension filter material 30 has good water control, large suspended matter interception amount and good cleaning performance, and has the density of 0.90-0.98 g/cm3Within the range, the filling height is 500-1200 mm; the shape of the suspension filter material can adopt one or more of a cylinder shape, a polyhedral shape, a disc shape, a comet shape and a sphere shape, and the specific shape and size of the suspension filter material are determined according to the characteristics of the sewage to be treated; the suspended filter material floats or is suspended and gathered in the water body, the water flow passes through from bottom to top, and the filter material forms a good pollutant interception layer. The specific gravity of the suspended filter material 30 is similar to that of water and is acted by buoyancyThe filter material is gathered on the water surface and is extruded and compacted under the combined action of upward flowing water jacking and the buoyancy and gravity of the filter material, the filter material in the water forms an ideal filter layer which is dense at the top and sparse at the bottom and gradually reduces the porosity along the water flow direction, larger suspended matters are intercepted at the bottom of the filter layer, and fine suspended matters are further intercepted and adsorbed at the top of the filter layer, so that the interception effect of the suspended matters is good, and the pollutant interception capability of the filter layer is utilized to the maximum extent; the water depth of the filter material bearing plate 20 is larger than twice the height of the filter layer, and no pressing plate is arranged on the filter layer, so that the suspended filter material can freely move under the action of multiple forces such as water flow, buoyancy, gravity and the like.
In the specific embodiment of the alternative, the suspension filter material 30 is cylindrical, 8mm long and 8mm in diameter, the middle of the suspension filter material is filled with the pleated spun-bonded non-woven fabric, the porosity reaches over 90 percent, and the specific gravity of the filter material is 0.92g/cm3A bulk density of 98kg/m3The capture amount of suspended matters is 12-21 kgSS/m3The thickness of the filtering layer is 500 mm.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the filter material support plate 20 is horizontally disposed and close to the sludge discharge area 104, and the peripheries of the filter material support plate 20 are respectively connected to the partition walls 11 on the corresponding sides; the filter material supporting plate 20 is a steel wire mesh or a porous plate on which filter holes are uniformly distributed at intervals. In the alternative, the length of the pores of the steel wire mesh or the filtering holes is 10-15 mm, the width of the pores is 1-5 mm, and the sizes of the pores are flexibly determined according to the size of the suspended filtering material. The filter material supporting plate 20 can support the filter material layer, prevent the filter material from falling to the bottom of the tank, improve the uniformity of water inlet and water distribution of the filtering area 102, exert the filtering effect of the filtering layer to the maximum extent, and effectively intercept large impurities to avoid blocking the filtering layer of the suspended filter material.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the suspension rapid filtration device further includes a plurality of sets of water outlet overflow chutes 40 for overflowing the filtered water body; the plurality of groups of water outlet overflow chutes 40 are sequentially arranged above the suspended filter material 30 at intervals along the width direction of the filtering area 102, and the water outlet end of each water outlet overflow chute 40 is communicated with the water storage area 103. The top of the filtering area 102 is provided with a water outlet overflow groove 40 for ensuring the uniformity of the water outlet of the filtering area 102 and avoiding the occurrence of short flow and penetration of the filtering layer.
In this alternative, referring to fig. 3, the overflow trough 40 includes a trough-shaped overflow trough body 41 with an open upper end, the overflow trough body 41 is disposed along the length direction of the filtering area 102, the starting end of the overflow trough body 41 abuts against the partition wall 11 on the corresponding side, and the opposite outflow end of the overflow trough body passes through the partition wall 11 on the corresponding side and then extends into the water storage area 103; two side edges of the overflow groove body 41 are respectively connected with filter screens 42 arranged along the length direction of the side edges, the two filter screens 42 are obliquely arranged towards the middle of the overflow groove body 41, and the top edges of the two filter screens 42 are connected in a close mode. The filter screen 42 is a steel wire mesh or a pore plate provided with filter holes distributed at uniform intervals, the size of each filter hole is not larger than 1/2 of the size of a filter material, the length of each filter hole is 10-30 mm, the filter material is prevented from losing, and the filter screen is flexibly determined according to the size and parameters of the filter material. The lower side edges of the two filter screens 42 are respectively connected with the side edges of the overflow groove body 41, and the opposite upper side edges extend upwards gradually and then are connected and fixed in a close manner, so that the interception of overflow water and filter materials can be effectively guaranteed, and meanwhile, the accumulation of the filter materials on the top of the overflow groove body 41 can be avoided. In the embodiment of this alternative, two overflow troughs 40 with the size of 3.5 × 0.2 × 0.4m are arranged at the top of the filtering area 102; the length of the pores of the filter screen 42 is 15mm, the width thereof is 3mm, and the pores are uniformly arranged.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, a water distribution tank 105 for uniformly distributing water to the pre-settling zone 101 is disposed on an inner wall surface of the partition wall 11 of the pre-settling zone 101, the water distribution tank 105 is located at an upper end of the pre-settling zone 101 and extends along a length or width direction of the pre-settling zone 101, water outlet holes 106 uniformly spaced along the length direction of the water distribution tank 105 are disposed on a side wall of the water distribution tank 105, and the water outlet holes 106 may be circular, polygonal, or the like. In this alternative, as shown in fig. 4, two rows of upper and lower water outlet holes 106 are uniformly formed in the wall of the water distribution tank 105, the upper and lower water outlet holes 106 are sequentially arranged in a staggered manner, and the bottom of the lower water outlet hole 106 is flush with the bottom of the water distribution tank 105. The water outlet hole 106 can be in a circular shape, an oval shape or a polygonal shape and the like, the diameter or the side length is 30-100 mm, and the outlet water keeps a certain horizontal flow velocity in an orifice outflow mode, so that the uniformity of water distribution in the pre-settling area 101 is facilitated, and sediment deposited on the bottom plate of the water distribution tank 105 is discharged in time.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the suspension rapid filtration device further comprises a conveying pipe network, the conveying pipe network comprises a water inlet pipe group 61 communicated with the water distribution tank 105 to feed external sewage into the water distribution tank 105, a water outlet pipe group 62 communicated with the water storage area 103 to guide the treated water body outwards, and a sewage discharge pipe group 63 communicated with the sludge discharge area 104 to discharge sludge and impurities outwards. In this alternative, the water inlet pipe set 61 comprises a water inlet pipe and a switch valve arranged in the water inlet pipe, and the water outlet end of the water inlet pipe penetrates through the side wall of the tank body 10 and then extends into the water distribution tank 105; the water outlet pipe group 62 comprises a water outlet pipe and a switch valve arranged in the water outlet pipe, and the water inlet end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the side wall of the water storage area 103; the sewage pipe set 63 comprises a sewage pipe and a switch valve arranged in the sewage pipe, and the sewage inlet end of the sewage pipe penetrates through the side wall of the pool body 10 and then extends into the sludge discharge area 104.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the suspension rapid filter device further comprises a double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50 for precipitating silt in the sewage; the double-layer anisotropic inclined plates 50 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length or width direction of the pre-settling zone 101, and each double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50 comprises two sludge settling plates with intersecting included angles. The double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50 can not only increase the area utilization rate of the pre-settling zone 101, strengthen the inclined plate sedimentation effect, effectively remove larger suspended particles and silt in the inlet water, reduce the treatment load of the filtering zone 102, but also effectively improve the hydraulic flow state of the pre-settling zone 101, realize the flow guiding effect and play good functions of rectification and water distribution. During operation, sewage passes through the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50 from top to bottom, so that larger impurities, silt and the like are separated from the sewage, and are sunk into the bottom sludge discharge area 104 to be discharged periodically, and water flows out from the bottom outlet of the partition wall 11 shared by the filtering area 102. The device adopts the combination of the sedimentation and the filtration processes, the pre-sedimentation zone 101 is provided with the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50, so that the suspended matters such as larger impurities, silt and the like can be effectively removed, the inclined plate sedimentation effect is strengthened, the treatment load of the filter tank is reduced, the blocking risk of the filter zone 102 is reduced, and the filtration period of the device is prolonged; compared with the common single-layer unidirectional inclined plate, the double-layer anisotropic sludge settling plate can effectively reduce the ineffective settling area of the pre-settling zone 101 and increase the area utilization rate of the pre-settling zone 101, and meanwhile, the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate can also effectively improve the hydraulic flow state of the settling zone and play good rectifying and water distributing functions.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the suspension rapid filtration device further includes a liquid level detector for detecting the level of the liquid in the pre-settling zone 101, wherein the liquid level detector is connected to the inner wall surface of the partition wall 11 of the pre-settling zone 101 and is connected to an external control device; the suspension rapid filtration device further comprises a backwashing device for backwashing the pre-settling zone 101, the filtration zone 102 and the sludge discharge zone 104, the backwashing device comprises an aeration flushing device 71 for aeration flushing, the aeration flushing device 71 is arranged outside the tank body 10, and the air outlet end of the aeration flushing device extends to the lower parts of the pre-settling zone 101 and the filtration zone 102 respectively, so that the aeration flushing device is automatically opened when the liquid level in the pre-settling zone 101 reaches a set height, and the aeration flushing is alternately carried out on the pre-settling zone 101 and the filtration zone 102. In the device, the liquid level detector, the control device and the aeration flushing device form automatic control flushing, and during operation, along with the filtering, the resistance of the filter layer in the filtering area 102 is continuously increased, so that the liquid level in the pre-settling area 101 is gradually increased, when the set elevation is reached, the filtering layer pollutant interception capacity is saturated, the liquid level detector sends an electric signal to the control device, the control device receives the electric signal and then controls the aeration flushing device 71 to automatically flush, and the design has good adaptability to the sewage treatment with high flow and water quality fluctuation.
In this alternative, as shown in fig. 1, the aeration flushing device 71 includes a blower 711 disposed outside the tank body 10, an aeration main 712 communicated with the blower 711, first and second aeration branch pipes 713 and 714 respectively communicated with the aeration main 712, a first on-off valve 715 disposed in the first aeration branch pipe 713, and a second on-off valve 716 disposed in the second aeration branch pipe 714; the blower 711, the first switch valve 715 and the second switch valve 716 are respectively connected with the control device; the first aeration branch pipes 713 penetrate through the sludge discharge area 104 and extend to the lower part of the double-layer different direction inclined plate 50 to be uniformly arranged, and the second aeration branch pipes 714 penetrate through the sludge discharge area 104 and extend to the lower part of the filter material bearing plate 20 to be uniformly arranged. When the double-layer inclined variable-direction plate works, the double-layer inclined variable-direction plate 50 is vibrated by the bubbles exposed from the first aeration branch pipes 713, so that sludge deposited on the inclined plate is cleaned, and the problems of sludge accumulation and blockage of the inclined plate are solved; the suspended filter material 30 is vibrated and stirred by the bubbles exposed from the second aeration branch pipe 714, so that collision friction between the filter materials is promoted, and pollutants intercepted in the filter material are separated out, thereby realizing cleaning of the filter material and recovering the pollutant intercepting capability of the filter material; the pre-settling zone 101 and the filtering zone 102 are aerated and cleaned in different periods, so that the scales of the blower 711 and the aeration pipeline can be greatly reduced, the cleaning strength is ensured, and the electric load and the manufacturing cost of equipment are reduced. In this alternative embodiment, the first branch aeration pipes 713 and the second branch aeration pipes 714 are both provided with a plurality of rows of aeration holes uniformly spaced in the circumferential direction, and each row of aeration holes includes a plurality of aeration holes sequentially spaced in the length direction; the pipe diameters of the first aeration branch pipe 713 and the second aeration branch pipe 714 are DN100mm respectively, aeration holes formed in the first aeration branch pipe and the second aeration branch pipe are downward in opening and are arranged in a staggered mode at an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, the distance between the orifices is controlled to be 50-200 mm, and the hole diameter is controlled to be 10-60 mm; it is preferable that the number of the first and second aeration branch pipes 713 and 714 be plural groups to ensure that the air bubbles are uniformly arranged throughout the plane of the pre-settling zone 101 and the filtering zone 102.
In the alternative, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a mud guide plate 12 is further arranged on the bottom plate of the mud discharging area 104, and the mud guide plate 12 gradually inclines downwards from the filtering area 102 to the pre-settling area 101; the bottom plate of the water storage area 103 is higher than the position of the filter material bearing plate 20; the backwashing device also comprises a water washing device 72 for water washing, wherein the water inlet end of the water washing device 72 is communicated with the bottom plate of the water storage area 103, and the opposite water outlet end of the water washing device extends to the starting end of the mud guide plate 12. When the water storage device works, the water outlet overflow groove 40 is communicated with the water storage area 103, filtered water enters the water storage area 103 through the water outlet overflow groove 40, part of the filtered water is stored in the water storage area 103, and the rest of the filtered water is discharged through the water outlet pipe group 62; the bottom plate position of water storage district 103 is higher than the position of filter material bearing board 20, sets up water washing unit 72 on the bottom plate of water storage district 103, and aeration washing unit 71 washes the completion back to double-deck incorgruous swash plate 50 and suspension filter material 30, and controlling means opens water washing unit 72 automatically and washes row mud district 104, washes the good sanitary condition of facility assurance device, not only does not consume the electric energy, can realize the reuse of handling water moreover.
In the embodiment of this alternative, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the water flushing device 72 includes a flushing main pipe 721, a third switch valve 722 disposed in the flushing main pipe 721, and a plurality of flushing branch pipes 723 disposed side by side and respectively communicated with the flushing main pipe 721, a water inlet end of the flushing main pipe 721 extends into the water storage area 103 after penetrating through a bottom plate of the water storage area 103, the third switch 722 is connected with the control device, the plurality of flushing branch pipes 723 extend onto the mud guide 12 after penetrating through a side wall of the tank 10, and are disposed on the mud guide 12 at regular intervals.
The device adopts a mode of combining air washing and water washing, utilizes small bubbles to vibrate the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50, so that accumulated mud on the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50 falls to the bottom mud discharge area 104, the small bubbles carry out aeration stirring and scrubbing on the suspended filter material 30, so as to promote pollutants in the filter material to be separated out and fall to the bottom mud discharge area 104, and the sewage pipe group 63 carries out water discharge while washing; after the double-layer anisotropic inclined plate 50 and the filter material are cleaned and the device is emptied, the water in the water storage area 103 is used for washing the accumulated mud on the bottom plate of the mud discharge area 104, and the filter material enters the next filtering period or standby state after the water washing is finished. This washing mode can keep device clean health, produces the foul smell when preventing the standby, and dry standby can bear the ultrahigh solid load impact of initial stage inflow or confluence system overflow sewage by the at utmost moreover, guarantees to filter initial stage treatment effect.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, a sludge discharge area 104 is arranged at the bottom of the pre-settling area 101 and the filtering area 102, sludge trapped and cleaned by the pre-settling area 101 and the filtering area 102 is collected and discharged, the bottom plate of the sludge discharge area 104 is inclined towards the pre-settling area 101 from the filtering area 102, the top end of the inclined surface is connected with a flushing branch pipe 723, and the bottom side of the sludge discharge area 104 is connected with an electric sludge discharge valve 5b and a sludge discharge main pipe 5 a. When the bottom plate of the sludge discharge area 104 is washed, the electric sludge discharge valve 5b is automatically opened, and the collected sludge is uniformly discharged.
When the device works, the resistance of a filter layer is continuously increased along with the filtering, the liquid level of the pre-settling area 101 is forced to be high, and the device automatically and alternately cleans the double-layer anisotropic inclined plates 50 and the suspended filter materials 30 by air according to the signals of the ultrasonic liquid level meter or the floating ball liquid level meter of the pre-settling area 101; in the flushing process, firstly, stopping water inflow of the device, standing for 5min to enable the liquid level in the device to be level, overflow out of the water overflow tank 40, then carrying out aeration stirring and scrubbing on the filtering area 102, standing the pre-settling area 101, switching the aeration area after 5min, carrying out aeration vibration on the pre-settling area 101, standing the filtering area 102, switching the aeration area after 5min, carrying out aeration stirring and scrubbing on the filtering area 102, standing the pre-settling area 101, simultaneously opening an electric blow-down valve in a blow-down pipe group 63 to carry out sludge discharge, discharging sludge while aerating for 2min, then closing an air blower 711, and continuing to discharge sludge until the device is emptied; finally, the third on-off valve 722 is opened, water washing is carried out on the bottom plate of the sludge discharge area 104, the electric valve is kept opened, and the washing mud water is discharged at the same time until the device is emptied again; finally, the third switch valve 722 and the electric valve in the drainage pipe set 63 are closed, and the device enters the next processing period or standby state.
The suspended filter material 30 is vibrated and stirred by the air bubbles, so that collision and friction among the filter materials are promoted, the trapped pollutants in the filter materials are separated, the cleaning of the filter materials is realized, and the pollutant interception capacity of the filter materials is recovered; the sloping plate is vibrated by the bubbles to clean the sludge deposited on the sloping plate, so that the problems of sludge accumulation and blockage of the sloping plate are solved; the pre-settling zone 101 and the filtering zone 102 are subjected to aeration cleaning in turn, so that the scales of the air blower 711 and an aeration pipeline can be greatly reduced, the cleaning strength is ensured, and the electric load and the manufacturing cost of equipment are reduced; after the air washing of the device is completed and the air is discharged, the third switch valve is automatically opened to wash the bottom plate of the device, so that the bottom plate can be guaranteed not to be washed without dead angles, the good sanitary condition of the device is maintained, electric energy is not consumed in the water washing, and the reuse of the treated water is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A suspension rapid filter device is characterized by comprising:
the sewage treatment device comprises a pool body (10), wherein an inner cavity of the pool body (10) is divided into a pre-settling area (101), a filtering area (102) and a water storage area (103) which are sequentially arranged through a partition wall (11), and the bottoms of the pre-settling area (101) and the filtering area (102) are communicated to form a sludge discharge area (104);
the pre-settling zone (101) is used for pre-settling the incoming sewage and enabling the sewage to form downward flow in the pre-settling zone;
the upper end of the filtering area (102) is communicated with the water storage area (103) so that water in the filtering area (102) forms upward flowing upward flow, a filter material bearing plate (20) and a suspension filter material (30) freely suspended and filled in the water above the filter material bearing plate (20) are arranged in the filtering area (102), the filter material bearing plate (20) is used for filtering the upward flowing water and preventing the suspension filter material (30) from falling downwards to the sludge discharge area (104), and the suspension filter material (30) is used for automatically adjusting the thickness of a filter layer in water under the comprehensive action of water flow, buoyancy, gravity and filtering resistance so as to form variable filter layer thickness filtering with the porosity gradually reduced along the water flowing direction;
the sludge discharge area (104) is used for temporarily storing sludge and filtered impurities.
2. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 1,
the porosity of the suspension filter material (30) is more than 90%, and the density is 0.90-0.98 g/cm3The bulk density is 98-100 kg/m3。
3. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 1,
the filter material bearing plate (20) is horizontally arranged and close to the mud discharge area (104), and the periphery of the filter material bearing plate (20) is connected with the partition wall (11) on the corresponding side respectively;
the filter material bearing plate (20) is a steel wire mesh or a pore plate provided with filter holes which are uniformly distributed at intervals.
4. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 1,
the suspension rapid filter device also comprises a plurality of groups of water outlet overflow chutes (40) which are used for enabling the filtered water body to overflow outwards;
the multiple groups of water outlet overflow chutes (40) are sequentially arranged above the suspended filter material (30) at intervals along the width direction of the filtering area (102), and the outflow ends of the water outlet overflow chutes (40) are communicated with the water storage area (103).
5. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 4,
the water outlet overflow trough (40) comprises an overflow trough body (41) which is open at the upper end and is in a ditch shape, the overflow trough body (41) is arranged along the length direction of the filtering area (102), the starting end of the overflow trough body (41) is abutted to the partition wall (11) on the corresponding side, and the opposite outflow end of the overflow trough body passes through the partition wall (11) on the corresponding side and then extends into the water storage area (103);
two sides of the overflow trough body (41) are respectively connected with filter screens (42) distributed along the length direction of the sides, the two filter screens (42) are obliquely arranged towards the middle of the overflow trough body (41), and the top edges of the two filter screens (42) are connected in a close mode.
6. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 1,
a water distribution tank (105) for uniformly distributing water to the pre-settling zone (101) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the partition wall (11) of the pre-settling zone (101), the water distribution tank (105) is positioned at the upper end of the pre-settling zone (101) and extends along the length or width direction of the pre-settling zone (101), and water outlet holes (106) uniformly arranged at intervals along the length direction are formed in the side wall of the water distribution tank (105);
the suspension rapid filtration device further comprises a conveying pipe network, wherein the conveying pipe network comprises a water inlet pipe group (61) communicated with the water distribution tank (105) to send external sewage into the water distribution tank (105), a water outlet pipe group (62) communicated with the water storage area (103) to guide out the treated water body, and a sewage discharge pipe group (63) communicated with the sludge discharge area (104) to discharge sludge and sundries outwards.
7. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 1,
the suspension rapid filter device also comprises a double-layer anisotropic inclined plate (50) used for settling silt in the sewage;
the double-layer anisotropic inclined plates (50) are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length or width direction of the pre-settling area (101), and each double-layer anisotropic inclined plate (50) comprises two sludge settling plates with an included angle.
8. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 7,
the suspension rapid filtration device also comprises a liquid level detector for detecting the height of the liquid level in the pre-settling zone (101), wherein the liquid level detector is connected to the inner wall surface of the partition wall (11) of the pre-settling zone (101) and is connected with an external control device;
the suspension rapid filtration device further comprises a backwashing device used for backwashing the pre-settling area (101), the filtration area (102) and the sludge discharge area (104), wherein the backwashing device comprises an aeration flushing device (71) used for aeration flushing, the aeration flushing device (71) is arranged outside the tank body (10) and the air outlet end of the aeration flushing device extends to the lower parts of the pre-settling area (101) and the filtration area (102) respectively, so that the device is automatically opened when the liquid level in the pre-settling area (101) reaches a set height, and the pre-settling area (101) and the filtration area (102) are subjected to aeration flushing alternately.
9. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 8,
the aeration flushing device (71) comprises a blower (711) arranged outside the tank body (10), an aeration main pipe (712) communicated with the blower (711), a first aeration branch pipe (713) and a second aeration branch pipe (714) respectively communicated with the aeration main pipe (712), a first switch valve (715) arranged in the first aeration branch pipe (713) and a second switch valve (716) arranged in the second aeration branch pipe (714);
the blower (711), the first switch valve (715) and the second switch valve (716) are respectively connected with the control device;
the first aeration branch pipes (713) penetrate through the sludge discharge area (104) and extend to the lower part of the double-layer different-direction inclined plate (50) to be uniformly arranged, and the second aeration branch pipes (714) penetrate through the sludge discharge area (104) and extend to the lower part of the filter material supporting plate (20) to be uniformly arranged.
10. The suspension rapid filter device according to claim 8,
a mud guide plate (12) is further arranged on the bottom plate of the mud discharging area (104), and the mud guide plate (12) gradually inclines downwards from the filtering area (102) to the pre-settling area (101);
the bottom plate of the water storage area (103) is higher than the filter material bearing plate (20);
the back washing unit is still including water washing unit (72) that is used for carrying on the water washing, the end of intaking of water washing unit (72) with water storage district (103) bottom plate intercommunication, its relative drainage end that sets up extends to the rising end of mud guide plate (12).
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