RU2009692C1 - Filter for purifying water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purifying water. SUBSTANCE: filter has body in which filter layer, drainage device and agent for regenerating and crushing claydite are displaced. Filter layer is mixture of coarse and fine-grained charging. Additional layer of brittle filter material (e. g. claydite) is displaced between filter layer and drainage device. This material has grain's size 4-6 times more that of coarse-grained charging. EFFECT: improves filtration process. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for water purification by filtration and can be used in the purification of high-altitude natural waters for water supply.

 A known filter for water purification, comprising a housing, a drainage distribution system for collecting the filtrate and supplying washing water, means for supplying the source water and draining the washing water, filtering the loading from layers of large and small granules with a horizontal perforated partition located between the layers, the openings of which are made larger than small granules and smaller than large granules of loading, moreover, the filter can be equipped with an additional perforated partition, while large granules of loading us floating and located below the additional partition, in addition, the ratio of the diameters of large and small grains is 1: 20-60 [1].

 However, during operation of the filter as a result of abrasion and grinding of the loading granules, it is densified, as well as the removal of small particles of the loading during washing, which reduces the filter performance. In this regard, it is necessary to turn off the filter and carry out work on loading it with filter material, which increases the labor costs of operating the filter.

 Also known is a filter for water purification, comprising a housing, a drainage system, water supply pipes and a loading of activated carbon and sand layers located in the housing, the ratio of the thicknesses of the layers of activated carbon and sand being 1: 2.5-5 [2].

 However, in the process of regenerating the filter load during the movement of activated carbon through the sand, its granules quickly abrade, as well as the separation of sand and coal layers and the removal of the latter with a wash flow from the filter. This requires frequent stopping of the filter to replenish the load with activated carbon, which increases the labor costs during operation of the filter.

 The closest technical solution is a filter for cleaning liquid, containing a housing with inlet and outlet pipes and layers located in the housing of coarse and fine-grained filter media, while the fine-grained media is located in the pore space of a coarse-grained material, which is non-expandable during washing, and the ratio of the heights of the layers is coarse-grained loading and fine-grained loading is 1: 0.3-0.8 with a ratio of grain sizes of the load 1: 20-30 [3].

 However, during the regeneration of the filter due to the abrasive action of the fixed grains of the coarse-grained loading on the fine-grained particles, the latter will be worn out and washed out with washing water, which will require stopping the filter to carry out work on loading it with fine-grained filtering material, i.e., increasing labor costs during operation of the filter.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce labor costs during operation of the filter.

 This goal is achieved in that the filter is equipped with an additional layer of grains of brittle filter material placed between the filter layer and the drainage device, the size of which is 4-6 times larger than the grain size of the coarse-grained charge and means for regenerating the filter layer and crushing the grains of the additional layer, moreover, grain the additional layer is made of expanded clay, and the means for regenerating the filter layer and crushing the additional is made in the form of installed with the possibility of vertical on the reciprocating movement of the nozzles for supplying washing water.

 These distinguishing features reduce labor costs during the operation of the filter, as they allow the replenishment of the filter layer with coarse-grained material during the regeneration process, which eliminates the stop of the filter and the work of replenishing the coarse-grained charge. The constant replenishment of the coarse-grained charge at each regeneration of the filter layer provides high technological parameters of the filtering process, which increases the filter cycle and eliminates the need for frequent regeneration.

 The drawing shows a filter, section.

 The filter contains a housing 1 with a drainage device 2, inlet 3 and outlet 4 nozzles, a filter layer placed in the housing in the form of a coarse-grained charge 5 with a fine-grained charge 6 located in its pore space, an additional layer of grains 7 made of a brittle filtering located between the filter layer and the drainage device material, means 8 for regeneration of the filter layer and grain crushing of an additional layer of pipe 9 for removal of washed dirt.

 For an additional layer and coarse-grained loading, crushed expanded clay is used, and for fine-grained - quartz sand. The grain size of the coarse-grained loading is 1-2 mm, fine-grained 0.2-0.5 mm, and the grain size of the additional layer is 4-6 times larger than the grain size of the coarse-grained loading.

 The means for regenerating the filter layer and crushing the grains of the additional layer is made in the form of nozzles 10 for vertically reciprocating movement for supplying washing water.

 The filter works as follows.

 Filtration of contaminated water is carried out from top to bottom through a filter layer of coarse-grained 5 and fine-grained 6 loads, an additional layer of grains 7 of brittle filter material. The purified water is collected by a drainage device and is discharged through the pipe 4 to the consumer.

 Regeneration is carried out by supplying washing water to the means 8 for regenerating the filter layer and crushing the grains of the additional layer.

 First, the nozzles 10 for supplying washing water are installed above the surface of the filter layer (position I). The washing jets emerging from the nozzles destroy the mud film on the surface of the filter layer and bring into suspension a grain of coarse-grained and fine-grained charges. Weighted loading grains, being in a circulating motion and colliding with each other, are cleaned of impurities, and washed impurities are carried out by ascending currents to the surface of the filter layer and are removed by a wash flow into the sewer through pipe 9.

 Then the nozzles 10 for supplying washing water are installed above the surface of an additional layer of grains 7 of brittle filter material (position II). Under the influence of the shock force of the washing jets and due to collision with each other, the grains of the additional layer are crushed, and their crushed part is carried out by ascending currents from the washing jets into the filter layer. At the same time, the ascending currents of the wash water finally dominate the grains of the filter layer.

 After stopping the supply of wash water, the grains of the additional and filter layers are laid in accordance with their hydraulic fineness.

 Then, contaminated water is filtered again.

 The replenishment of the coarse-grained loading of the filter layer of the filter directly during its regeneration due to crushing of the additional layer significantly reduces labor costs during the operation of the filter, since it is not necessary to stop the filter and perform additional work on its loading to restore the initial parameters of the filter layer. (56) 1. Copyright certificate N 1119711, cl. B 01 D 24/146, 1982.

 2. Copyright certificate N 1003876, cl. B 01 D 37/00, 1982.

 3. Copyright certificate N 1022722, cl. B 01 D 24/46, 1983.

Claims (3)

 1. A FILTER FOR WATER CLEANING, containing a housing with a drainage device, inlet and outlet pipes and a filter layer located in the housing in the form of a coarse-grained filler with a fine-grained, grainy, granular filter, which is fine-grained, which is grainy, grained, equipped with an additional layer of grains from a fragile filter material, located between the filter layer and the drainage device, the size of which is 4-6 times greater than the size of the coarse-grained load, and a means for regene eryation of the filter layer and crushing of grains of an additional layer.  2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the grains of the additional layer are made of ceramsite.  3. Filter by PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the means for regeneration and crushing made in the form of installed with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement of pipes for the supply of washing water.

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