SU1102483A3 - Catalyst of purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Catalyst of purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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SU1102483A3
SU1102483A3 SU742024139A SU2024139A SU1102483A3 SU 1102483 A3 SU1102483 A3 SU 1102483A3 SU 742024139 A SU742024139 A SU 742024139A SU 2024139 A SU2024139 A SU 2024139A SU 1102483 A3 SU1102483 A3 SU 1102483A3
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catalyst
aluminate
copper
nickel
manganese
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SU742024139A
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Russian (ru)
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Фогт Вильгельм
Глазер Херманн
Диршка Хельмут
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Кнапзак Аг (Фирма)
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/889Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/8892Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ, включающий соединени  . меди, никел , марганца, нанесенные на окись алюмини , отличающийс  тем, что, с целью снижени  температуры процесса очистки, он содержит в качестве соединений указанных элементов их алкн4инаты и дополнительно - окись цери  при следующем соотношении компонентов,мае.%: 6,6-9,3 Алюминат марганца 12,7-14,7 Алюминат меди 0,6-4.7 Алюминат никел  2,4-7,4 Окись цери  Остальное Окись алюмини CATALYST FOR CLEANING EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, including connections. copper, nickel, manganese deposited on alumina, characterized in that, in order to reduce the temperature of the purification process, it contains as compounds of the indicated elements their alkynates and, in addition, cerium oxide in the following ratio of components; 9.3 Manganese aluminate 12.7-14.7 Copper aluminate 0.6-4.7 Nickel aluminate 2.4-7.4 Cerium oxide Rest Aluminum oxide

Description

Изобретение относитс  к производс ву катализаторов и может найти применение дл  очистки выхлопньрс газов двигателей внутреннего сгорани . Известен катализатор, содержащий платину и окись алюмини  на фарфоровом носителе С 1 3Недостатком катализатора  вл етс  высока  стоимость из-за применени  платины. Наиболее близким по составу к предлагаемому  вл етс  катализатор, содержащий окислы марганца, меди, никел , кобальта или , нанесенные на окись алюмини . Известный катализатор работает в интервале тем ператур 100-400 С и обеспечивает степень очистки, например, от окиси углерода до 70% при 300с 2J. Недостатком известного катализато ра  вл етс  сравнительно высока  тем пература процесса очистки газов. Целью изобретени   вл етс  снижение температуры процесса очистки. Поставленна  цель достигаетс  тем катализатором, включающим алки инаты марганца, меди и никел , а также окись цери , нанесенные на.окись алю МИНИН при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: 6,6-9,3 Алюминат марганца 12,7-14,7 Алюминат меди 0,6-4,7 Алюминат никел  2,4-7,4 Окись цери  Остальное Окись, алюмини  Дл  приготовлени  катализатора чистую окись алюмини , полученную гидролизом безводного хлорида алюмини  в пламени водорода с кислоро дом, смешивают с водой, и полученную пасту высушивают при 100 С. Сухую массу размалывают и после добавлени  5 вес.% графита прессуют в цилиндрические тела длиной 3 мм и диаметром 3 мм. Графит выжигают при , после чего ведут отжиг в течение 20 ч при 1000-1200 с. В зультате получают носитель из окиси алюмини  с удельной поверхностью определенной методом БЭТ, 6,9 м /г и объемом пор 0,32 , имеющей прочность при сжатии в продольном направлении между плоско-параллельными пластинами 8,1 кг/мм. Прокаленную окись алюмини  пропитьюают водным раствором нитратов марганца меди и никел , нагревают дл  разложени  солей при ЗОО-бОО С и прокаливают в интервале температур BOO1200С . Затем пропитывают водньм раствором нитрата цери , сушат при 130-150°С и ступенчато нагревают дл  разложени  нитрата цери  до 200-300°С и затем.до 450-550 С после чего прокаливают при 700-900с. Пример1. На носитель из окиси алюмини  путем пропитки водным раствором нитратов меди, марганца и никел  нагреванием при и прокалкой при в течение 18 ч нанос т 5,13 весЛСи 2,94 вес.%/Ипи 1,57 вес.% Ni. Охлажденйый продукт пропитывают водным раствором нитрата цери , чтобы получить 3,12 вес.% Се высушивают при нагревают двухступенчато до 250 и и прокаливают 10 ч при . Полученный катализатор содержит мас.%: алюминат марганца 9,3 алюминат меди 14,7, алюминат никел  4,7; окись цери  3,83 окись алюмини  - остальное . Прочность катализатора при сжатии 5,5 кг/мм. Активность по окиси углерода и гексану приведена в табл.1 где Og и Уд/, степень очистки, составл юща  50 И 90% соответственно. Т а б л и ц а 1 Темпера- 145 370 430 тура,с Обработка катализатора в восстановительной атмосфере не вызьгоает изменени  его активности. Пример 2. На носитель из окиси алюмини  нанос т аналогично примеру 1 4,48 вес.% Си 2,1 вес.% Mh и О 21 вес.% Ni . Прокалку ведут 6 при 1000°С. Затем нанос т 2,97 вес.% Се. Полученньй катализатор содержит мае.%: алюминат марганца 6,6, алк 1инат меди 12,7 алюминат никел  0,6, окись цери  3,65, окись алкжини  - остальное. Прочность катализатора при сжатии составл ет 7,8 кг/мм. Активность по окиси углерода и гексану приведена в табл.2. Таблица 2 I UgpreKcJug eKc. Показа „Тель Температура ,с 135 180The invention relates to the production of catalysts and may be used for the purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. A known catalyst containing platinum and alumina on porcelain carrier C 1. 3 The disadvantage of the catalyst is the high cost due to the use of platinum. The closest in composition to the present invention is a catalyst containing oxides of manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt or supported on alumina. The known catalyst operates in the temperature range of 100-400 C and provides a degree of purification, for example, from carbon monoxide to 70% at 300 ° C 2J. A disadvantage of the known catalyst is the relatively high temperature of the gas cleaning process. The aim of the invention is to reduce the temperature of the cleaning process. The goal is achieved by the catalyst including alky inates of manganese, copper and nickel, as well as cerium oxide deposited on alumina MININ in the following ratio of components, wt.%: 6.6-9.3 Manganese aluminate 12.7-14, 7 Copper aluminate 0.6-4.7 Nickel aluminate 2.4-7.4 Cerium oxide Remaining Oxide, aluminum To prepare a catalyst, pure alumina obtained by hydrolysis of anhydrous aluminum chloride in a flame of hydrogen with oxygen is mixed with water, and the resulting the paste is dried at 100 ° C. The dry mass is ground and after adding 5% by weight Graphite is pressed into cylindrical bodies with a length of 3 mm and a diameter of 3 mm. The graphite is burned at, after which they are annealed for 20 h at 1000-1200 s. As a result, an alumina carrier with a specific surface area determined by the BET method, 6.9 m / g and a pore volume of 0.32, having a compressive strength in the longitudinal direction between flat-parallel plates of 8.1 kg / mm, is obtained. The calcined alumina is passed through with an aqueous solution of manganese copper and nickel nitrates, heated to decompose the salts at 3OO-BOO C and calcined in the temperature range BOO 1200 ° C. Then it is impregnated with a water solution of cerium nitrate, dried at 130-150 ° C and heated in steps to decompose cerium nitrate to 200-300 ° C and then to 450-550 ° C and then calcined at 700-900s. Example1. 5.13 parts by weight of CLC and 2.94% by weight / Hpie 1.57% by weight of Ni are applied to the alumina carrier by impregnation with an aqueous solution of copper, manganese and nickel nitrates by heating and calcining for 18 hours. The cooled product is impregnated with an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate in order to obtain 3.12% by weight of Ce and is dried when heated in two stages to 250 and calcined for 10 hours at. The resulting catalyst contains wt.%: Manganese aluminate 9.3 copper aluminate 14.7, nickel aluminate 4.7; cerium oxide 3.83 alumina - the rest. The strength of the catalyst under compression is 5.5 kg / mm. The activity on carbon monoxide and hexane is given in Table 1, where Og and Ud / are the purification rate of 50 and 90%, respectively. T of tbl of a temperature 1–145,370,430 rounds, with Treatment of a catalyst in a reducing atmosphere does not cause a change in its activity. Example 2. Alumina carrier was deposited analogously to Example 1 4.48% by weight of Cu 2.1% by weight of Mh and O by 21% by weight of Ni. The calcinations are 6 at 1000 ° C. Then, 2.97% by weight of Ce is applied. The resulting catalyst contains May.%: Manganese aluminate 6.6, alc 1inat copper 12.7 nickel aluminate 0.6, cerium oxide 3.65, alginium oxide - the rest. The compressive strength of the catalyst is 7.8 kg / mm. Activity carbon monoxide and hexane are given in table 2. Table 2 I UgpreKcJug eKc. Show “Tel Temperature, from 135 180

Обработка катализатора в восстановительной атмосфере не вызывает изменени  его активности.Treatment of the catalyst in a reducing atmosphere does not cause a change in its activity.

Пример 3. В услови х примеров 1 и 2 на носитель из окиси алюмини  5 нанос т 4,8 вес.%СХ1,2,5 вес.%М(1 и 0,8 вес.%Ni.Прокалку ведут .10 ч при . Затем нанос т 3 вес.% Се.Example 3. Under the conditions of examples 1 and 2, 4.8 wt.% CX1.2.5 wt.% M (1 and 0.8 wt.% Ni) are deposited on alumina carrier 5. The broker is carried out .10 hours at 3% by weight of Ce is then applied.

Получают катализатор, содержащий мас.%: алюминат марганца 7,9, йлюми- Ю нат меди 13,6, алюминат никел  2,4, окись цери , 3,68, окись алюмини  остальное .A catalyst is obtained containing wt.%: Manganese aluminate 7.9, aluminum-U nat copper 13.6, nickel aluminate 2.4, cerium oxide, 3.68, and alumina the rest.

Прочность катализатора на сжатие составл ет 6,8 кг/мм. Обработка в вое 15 становительной атмосфере не снижает его активности. Активность по окиси углерода и гексану приведена в табл.3.The compressive strength of the catalyst is 6.8 kg / mm. The treatment in the 15 atmosphere of the atmosphere does not reduce its activity. Activity carbon monoxide and hexane are given in table.3.

Таблица 3Table 3

V4 V4USOV4 V4USO

гексhex

Температура , °С 140 180 350Temperature, ° C 140 180 350

425425

Пример 4. В услови х примера 1 на катализатор нанос т соль цери , так, чтобы он содержал 2,4 и 6 вес.% Се. Соль цери  суш т 32 ч при 140°С, нагревают до и 10 ч - до 500°С и прокаливают 10 ч при .Example 4. Under the conditions of Example 1, a cerium salt was applied to the catalyst so that it contained 2.4 and 6 wt.% Ce. The cerium salt is dried for 32 hours at 140 ° C, heated to and 10 hours to 500 ° C, and calcined for 10 hours at.

Активность и прочность катализаторов приведены в табл.4.The activity and strength of the catalysts are given in table 4.

Таблица 4Table 4

Как следует из табл. -1-4 предлагаемый катализатор позвол ет снизить температуру процесса очистки выхлопных газов двигателей внутреннего сгорани  до leO-igS C с обеспечением 90%-ной степени очистки от СО против 300 С с обеспечением лишь 70%-ной степени очистки при использовании известного катализатора. Катализатор обнаруживает высокую механическую прочность и стабильную активность.As follows from the table. -1-4, the proposed catalyst allows reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas purification process of internal combustion engines to leO-igS C, ensuring a 90% degree of purification from CO versus 300 ° C, while ensuring only 70% degree of purification using a known catalyst. The catalyst detects high mechanical strength and stable activity.

Claims (2)

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ, включающий соединения . меди, никеля, марганца, нанесенные на окись алюминия, отличающийся тем, что, с целью снижения температуры процесса очистки, он содержит в качестве соединений указанных элементов их алюминаты и дополнительно - окись церия при следующем соотношении компонентов,мае.X: Алюминат марганца Алюминат меди Алюминат никеля Окись церия Окись алюминияCATALYST FOR CLEANING EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, including connections. copper, nickel, manganese deposited on alumina, characterized in that, in order to reduce the temperature of the cleaning process, it contains aluminates as compounds of the indicated elements and additionally cerium oxide in the following ratio of components, max. X: Manganese aluminate Copper aluminate Nickel Aluminate Cerium Oxide Aluminum Oxide 6,6-9,36.6-9.3 12,7-14,712.7-14.7 0,6-4.70.6-4.7 2,4-7,4 .Остальное g со с ю нй» 00 со2.4-7.4. The rest g with s ny »00 s 4 11024834 1102483
SU742024139A 1974-03-14 1974-05-08 Catalyst of purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines SU1102483A3 (en)

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DE3103533A1 (en) * 1981-02-03 1982-08-05 Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt ZEOLITHIC MOLECULAR SCREEN, ADSORBER AND CATALYST SYSTEM

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
1. Коуль А.Л. и др. Очистка га- за. М., Гостоптехиздат, 1962,с.350. 2. Патент US К3493325, кл. В 01D 53/34, 1970. *

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