SU1095221A2 - Device for training operators of control systems - Google Patents

Abstract

1. DEVICE FOR TRAINING OPERATORS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS by author. St. No. 734796, characterized in that, in order to expand the didactic capabilities of the device, it includes modeling blocks of dependent parameters, consisting of a code-voltage converter and series-connected delay elements and an adder, the second input of which is connected to the code-voltage converter one of the outputs of the training program task block, and the first output directly with the fifth input of the indicator board, the first input of the delay element is connected to one of the outputs of the real-time simulation module sess, another output of which is connected to the sixth input of the indicator board. SB SDSD Yu

Description

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the second output of the adder of one block of modeling dependent parameters is connected to the second inputs of the delay elements of other blocks of modeling dependent parameters.

3. The device according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that in it the output of simulating emergency situations of the simulation block by the real process is connected to the third inputs of adders and interface nodes.

The invention relates to automation and computer technology, in particular, to devices for training controllers .0 and controlling various continuously photocurring processes, and can be applied to. training and training operators to control and manage heat and power, chemical, etc. processes, as well as training dispatch functions. On the main auth. St. No. 734796, a device is known which uses the principle of converting a number-pulse code to a voltage containing a series-connected clock generator, a frequency divider, a pulse distributor, and a program setting unit connected through a parallel-connected driver of command signals and a simulator of real processes with an indicator and with the operator’s console, as well as the summation units, the frequency divider and the operator’s control unit connected to the operator’s console and the task unit programs connected to the summation blocks, one of which is connected to the indicator, indicator board and operator console, and the other to the operator console connected via a frequency divider with a clock pulse generator, while the summation blocks contain code-analogue transducers connected in series Lugs connected respectively to the inputs and outputs of the unit. The simulation of technological processes in this device can be carried out by summation blocks that simulate only independent parameters, each of which contains two reverse voltage-voltage converters and a conjugation node (adder) connected to the indicator board and to both converters. Moreover, one of the code-voltage transducers is connected to the program setting block, and the other with the corresponding control device is an independent parameter located on the operator panel 1. A disadvantage of the known device is the limited ability to simulate the dynamics of complex technological processes, which is reflected in the quality of training operators. The aim of the invention is to expand the didactic capabilities of the device. This goal is achieved by the fact that the device includes modeling blocks of dependent parameters consisting of a code-voltage converter and a series-connected delay element and an adder, the second input of which is connected to one of the outputs of the task block of the training program through the code-voltage converter the first output is directly with the fifth input of the indicator board, the first input of the delay element is connected to one of the outputs of the simulation module of real processes, the other output of which is connected to the sixth input house display board. In addition, the second output of the adder of one block of modeling dependent parameters is connected to the second inputs of the delay elements of other blocks of modeling dependent parameters. The output of simulating emergency situations of the modeling unit for real processes is connected to the third inputs of adders and interface nodes. FIG. 1 shows a device for training control system operators; in fig. Figures 2 and 3 show the operation of the interface nodes and adders. The device contains a program setting block 1, a display panel 2, an operator panel 3, a multichannel distributor 4 (pulses), reversible code-analogue converters 5, a generator of 6 clock pulses, independent parameters control keys 7, independent parameters modeling blocks 8, instrumentation 9 independent parameters, interface 10 nodes (voltage accumulators), block 11 MO; 1, dependent parameter parameters, delay element 12 (inertia), instrumentation 13 dependent parameters, signal Congestion 14 (binary), 6JJOK 15 simulate real processes (including emergency conditions), the control unit 16 effects the operator.

frequency divider 17, indicators of 18 positions, driver 19 command signals. Blocks 11 contain, in addition to elements 12, also adders 20 (voltages) and code-voltage converters 21.

A device for training control system operators operates as follows.

Information about the dynamics of the simulated technological process is reproduced on the information model of the device from the program laid down in block 1. The information model of the device is understood as instrumentation and discrete alarm devices placed on the display 2, and partly on the operator's console 3. The information model of the device reproduces the dynamics of all changes recorded (in advance) on the scoreboard 2 and the remote 3 of the actual object, characteristic of the given technological or emergency recording. But in the program for reproducing by the device of any control, information about the dynamics of control actions carried out by the operator of the actual object, i.e. from the program incorporated in block 1, the information is submitted with "throws of those parameters affected by the operator of the actual object. It is these control actions that are necessary for the qualitative and economically reasonable maintenance of a given technological mode (or for an optimal mode for bringing an object out of an emergency state) that the student himself must perform in a certain sequence and at certain points in time.

The program, incorporated in block 1, converts information about the dynamics of a real technological process (or its separate fragment) into number-pulse codes sent via corresponding channels, each of which, ultimately, ends with an indicator (measuring instrument) or a signaling device.

Block 1 is a switching field, performed, for example, on fixed and easily removable boards of the software node of the tabulator. Each terminal of the fixed board of block 1 is connected to the corresponding output of the multichannel distributor 4. This means that each pulse coming from the distributor 4 and whose sequence number is known is always fed to the same terminal of the fixed board of block 1.

For each exercise performed by the device, a program is entered into block 1 (on an easily removable board), which, being in contact with the fixed board terminals, groups the pulses coming from the distributor 4 into pulse-number codes and directs them to the specified in the converter program 5 communicating with block 1.

The choice of one or another transducer 5, a set of followers of the number-pulse codes supplied to the corresponding inputs of these transducers, as well as the time for filing these codes are specified in the program. Moreover, the time countdown in the program is based on the reference frequency pulses emitted by the generator 6 (taking into account their order number measures).

.Managing effects from the learner

0 (using the control keys 7 placed on the remote control 3) are also converted into N-pulse codes, but sent only to those converters 5 that are associated with the control keys 7, i.e. Each key 7 can only be controlled by one independent parameter through the associated converter 5.

Simulation of independent parameters, i.e. parameters having direct communication with the keys 7 on the remote control 3 (for example, the parameter "supplying fuel to the boiler, etc.) is carried out by blocks 8. Moreover, each block 8 controls only one control meter 9 fixing this independent parameter. And each block 8 contains a node 10 and two converters 5, one of which is connected to the program setting block 1, and the other with the corresponding control key 7 on the console 3.

Each reversing transducer 5 has two inputs: “More is summing up

 input and “Less - subtracting input. If the pulse number code is applied to the input “More, then the number of pulses increases accordingly and the voltage at the output of the converter 5, and vice versa, i.e. Converter 5 converts NPS codes to continuously changing LLs.

Each node 10 of block 8 produces not only time-varying voltage going to the meter.

9 of this independent parameter (main voltage), but also produces synchronously varying voltages with it, which form the formation of parameters dependent on it (one or several). The values and signs of these voltages correspond to the settings (coefficients equal to K or-K, where K can take values from zero to the main voltage and more). The use of interface 10 in block 8 of modeling an independent parameter is shown in FIG. 2

Modeling dependent parameters, i.e. parameters that do not have direct communication with the keys 7 control on the village 3 ,. The voltages generated from other parameters (for example, the parameter "steam pressure in the boiler drum, which depends on fuel supply, air supply; water level in the tank, etc.), are carried out by blocks 11.

Each block 11 contains a converter 21, an adder 20 and a delay (inertia) element 12.

The role of the modeling link in block 11 is also performed by adder 20, which algebraically summarizes the voltages coming from blocks 8 that form this dependent fiapaMeTp. Moreover, these voltages, supplied with coefficients of different magnitudes and signs, pass through element 12 (if necessary, the delay time of the input signal may be zero).

Converter 21 in block 11 is only connected to block 1, i.e. it is supplied with a number-pulse code only from the program and only in those cases when it is planned to complicate any emergency situation. The adder 20 in block 11 performs its functions without priority over any voltage, algebraically summing them.-The adder 20 of block 11 outputs voltage to the instrumentation 13 of this dependent parameter (main voltage) and, moreover, also outputs and synchronously varying stresses with it, which go to the formation of dependent parameters with a multistage dependence on this dependent parameter, which is necessary for modeling complex technological processes. For this purpose, it is possible to connect the output of the adder 20 of each block 11 to the element 12 of any other block-AND-modeling dependent parameter.

The application of the adder 20 (voltages) in the dependent parameter modeling unit 11 is shown in FIG. 3

Thus, blocks 8, which model independent parameters, blocks 11, which model dependent parameters, as well as blo. 11, simulating parameters with multistage dependencies of some dependent parameters on other dependent parameters, interconnected through elements 12 by means of voltages with coefficients of different magnitudes and signs (established in adders 20) and, in addition, instrumentation 9 and 13 and discrete signaling devices 14 (pre-signaling banners, signal lamps, sirens, etc.) form a model of a real-life object.

The simulation of slowly evolving emergency situations is carried out through converters 5 and 21 connected to block 1 of the program task, and at the final stage the corresponding block elements are connected. 15, simulating emergency conditions.

Block 15 is a set of triggers and relays, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of nodes 10 and adders 20, as well as discrete signaling devices 14. The inputs of the elements of block 15 are connected to block 1 of the program task.

Simulation of instantly occurring emergency conditions (pipeline rupture, short circuit of an electrical circuit, etc.) is carried out by block 15 connected to block 1, and further (sometimes initial) emergency development is carried out by converters 5 and 21 blocks 8 and 11 also associated with block 1

About the task of the program.

The operator’s actions are monitored by block 16, which records the student’s control actions on the adjustable parameters and fixes

 on the same tape, the time stamps sent by block 1 and necessary for comparing the record with the sequence diagram of the control actions of an experienced operator performing the same technological operation on a real-life facility or on the same

0 device.

A clock pulse generator 6 generates square wave square wave pulses with a constant reference frequency. These pulses arrive at divider 17, which has five outputs for issuing pulses, with a reference frequency and frequencies reduced by a factor of 2, where n is 1, 2, 3, 4.

The pulses from the divider 17 are sent to the distributor 4 with a frequency reduced by 2 times, and to the Keys 7, in addition to the pulses of the reference frequency, the pulses of the four indicated frequencies are also supplied.

Each key 7 has the ability to stepwise connect to the outputs of the frequency divider 17. The greater turn angle of the key to the right or left of the neutral position corresponds to a greater degree of positive or negative effect on this independent parameter, since the right half of the key 7 is connected to the input “More, and the left to the input“ Less than the corresponding converter 5 in

0 block 8.

Thus, the operation of the keys 7 for controlling the independent parameters of the device is similar to their operation on a real operator's panel.

To assist the learner in mastering the operations of monitoring and controlling this simulated technological process, command (training) signals about the sequence, frequency, and duration of the call to the corresponding Q instrumentation and controls can be issued. Command (training) signals are issued by lighting the indicators of 18 positions located under each measuring device and next to each control (or

5 mounted in each instrumentation and each control key). Selection of one or several indicators 18, their time and duration

the works (synchronously with the exercise being worked out) are programmed and carried out by applying single pulses from block 1 to the driver 19 of command signals. Shaper 19 is a set of triggers, the output of each of which is connected to the corresponding indicator 18 positions.

The programs invested in block 1 can reflect not only the actual process in real time, but can be either simplified — without “parameter throws before the object is put into an emergency state, or complicated — with“ throwing parameters into a state when a simulated object is inevitable and only competent actions of a student with experience will help to avoid this, or with the introduction of a "non-standard mode caused by a certain breakdown.

In addition, programs can reproduce emergency situations that have not yet occurred on a real object or their occurrence threatens a catastrophe for the object. The reproduction of the same technological situation in slow motion or at an accelerated pace can be accomplished by changing the reference frequency provided by the generator 6.

Programs of long-running technological cycles (for example, starting a power unit, shutting down a power unit, etc.) can be programmed on several removable switching boards of unit 1.

Indicators of any type can be used as instrumentation devices on the display 2: switch, slotted, digital, electron beam tubes, etc.

As elements 12, for example, delay units for recording a signal on a magnetic tape or the like can be used.

If the device is prepared for an exercise that simulates the middle fragment of a technological operation, then the instruction for preparing the device provides for filling the containers of all converters 5 in blocks 8 (both associated with block 1 and 0 connected with keys 7 remote 3).

This is necessary so that the student can, if necessary, immediately work on reducing any parameter, i.e. so that this converter 5 is not in the zero position at the moment when its input is less than the first series of the number-pulse code from the key 7.

The role of the 6 clock pulse generator, the multichannel distributor 4, the frequency divider 17 and the Q program setting unit 1 can be performed by a digital control micro computer.

The use of the proposed device for the training of operators of control systems, created on the basis of modeling blocks that convert the number of pulse k5. In addition, it allows creating simulators with close material costs, as close as possible to the information models of actually operating objects, both in the design and modeling of the dynamics of technological processes. This improves the quality of training for operators, shortens the time of their training and internships, and provides an opportunity to constantly maintain a high emergency training among operators who manage objects with a high degree of automation of technological processes.

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Claims (3)

1. DEVICE FOR TRAINING OPERATORS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS by ed. St. No. 734796, characterized in that, in order to expand the didactic capabilities of the device, dependent parameter modeling blocks are introduced into it, consisting of a code-voltage converter and series-connected delay elements and an adder, the second input of which is connected to one of the outputs through a code-voltage converter the training program task unit, and the first output directly with the fifth input of the indicator board, the first input of the delay element is connected to one of the outputs of the real process modeling block s, the other output of which is connected to the sixth input of the indicator board. Figure 1> 2. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that in it the second output of the adder of one unit for modeling dependent parameters is connected to the second inputs of the delay elements of other units for modeling dependent parameters. 3. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that in it the output of the simulation of emergency situations of the real-life modeling unit is connected to the third inputs of the adders and interface nodes.