SU1063915A1 - Method of constructing a dam of locally avaiable materials - Google Patents

Abstract

THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM OF LOCAL MATERIALS, mainly stone-earth, including the inoculation of a dam, dumping of transition zones and lateral prisms, distinguishes and t. so that, in order to improve the manufacturability of the construction of the dam through a continuous process of laying the soil across the entire width of the dam, the construction of the dam is carried out by installing shields, which are adjustable along its height, at the junction points of the transition zones with the dam core and side prisms, after which alluvium of the dam and dumping of transition zones at the same time.

Description

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The invention relates to hydraulic construction and can be used in the erection of high dams from local materials, including in the harsh northern climatic conditions.

Known methods for the construction of stone-earth dams, including the alluvium of the central prize with the device of embankment, dumping of transition zones and lateral prisms from the rock outline.

Alluvium of the central prism is carried out using hydromonitoro which wash the soil down to the dam axis from the internal slopes of previously poured stacks of soil. Remaining part of the soil in the piles forms transition zones jlj.

However, this method is complicated, since the formation of transition zones from substandard unsorted soil, unsuitable for the role of return filters, requires the implementation of additional structural measures, such as an advanced drainage system. This does not guarantee the reliability of the dam when filtering through a central prism.

There is also a known method of erecting a dam from local materials, mainly stone-earth, which includes the washing of the dam, filling of transition zones and lateral prisms. In this case, the embankment is created from the material of the transition zones according to the type of return filters, which are filled in with the side prisms, and the alluvium of the central prism, i.e. the dam cores are supplied with pulp feed through the pipeline 2.

However, the known method of diving with local materials does not allow the dam to be washed all over the world continuously because of the need to create embankments. The transition zone, made in the form of a ramp, has a sufficiently large width, which is necessary for a stable position; therefore, it does not participate in the operation of the inverse filters by the total cross section, i.e. the implementation of the transition zone in the form of a dam embankment requires more construction material than the implementation of the reverse filter.

Stone dumping and the transition zone are more intensively deposited and compacted faster than the loamy core of the dam. This causes the dam core to hang, with cracks forming in it.

The freezing of the slopes of the transition zones during the wintering of the core in winter prevents the use of this method in severe conditions: climatic conditions due to the inadmissibility of the presence of ice or ice in the dam body. .

These drawbacks significantly increase the cost and complexity of the known method of erecting a dam.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the manufacturability of the construction of the dam by creating a continuous process of laying the soil across the entire width of the dam.

The goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method of erection of a dam, the erection of a dam is produced. d t with the installation of shields, adjustable at its height, in the places of interface of transition zones with the core of the dam and side prisms, after which the dam core is filled and dumping of the transition zones at the same time. Fig. 1 shows a dam at the time of construction, in plan; Fig. 2 shows section A-A in Fig. 1 (when operating in the summer during the initial period of erection of the dam; Fig. 3 shows section B-B in Fig. 1 (detail of alluvium in winter); Fig. 4 shows the details of adjustable the shield.

The construction of dams from local materials consisting of a dam core 1, transition zones 2 in the form of return filters and lateral thrust prisms 3, according to the proposed method, is carried out as follows.

Alluvium of the core 1 of the dam, dumping of transition zones 2 and lateral stop prisms 3 proiuod t after installation. shields 4, which are adjustable in height of the dam, in the places of interface of transition zones with core 1 .. dams and side prisms 3. Alluvium of the dam 1 and dumping of transition zones 2 are performed simultaneously. .

The adjustable boards 4 are made, for example, of metal shpunta or sheets with stiffening ribs connected to each other by lock joints 5, which allow them to be moved relative to each other in height, but do not allow much water filtration through the locks 5. At the beginning of construction The cores 1 of the dam and transition zones 2 are adjustable shields 4 fixed in the plane of conjugation of transition zones 2 with core 1 and lateral prisms 3 by any known method: installation and release by supporting structures, vibration damping or blocking Avny shchito 4 lower part in the pre-poured a layer of soil or in the base of the dam. After a continuous wall is formed from the reversible shields 4 along the entire length of the map of the alluvium of the dam 1, for example, from coast to coast, construction of the dam begins.

The alluvium 1 is washed out of the dam from the slurry pipeline b, reinforced by the adjustable shields 4 from the downstream side of the 1, a. The clarified water is discharged through the drainage water duct 7, which is fixed on the movable shields 4 on the upper side of the core 1. The inundated soil is deposited on the entire surface of the froma 1 from the larger fractions on the lower side to the smaller ones on the upper one. If necessary, the deposition of smaller fractions in the middle of the other 1 dam, the pipelines 6 are located on both sides of the core, and the water is discharged by means of known devices, for example, well wells within the middle part of section 1. The dumping of transition zones 2 is carried out simultaneously with the filling of the core of the dam into the space between the crossing shields 4 separating the transition zone 2 from the core 1 and the side prism 3, as the dam is erected with approximately the same growth rate along the height of the core 1, zones 2 and prisms 3. At the same time, shields 4 are shifted sequentially to a new higher position by removing them from the dam body to a certain height, for example, using vibrators. The tongue shields 4 can be completed by combining individual tongues with a top tip. The shields 4 themselves, clamped in the dam body with their lower end, can work with the upper part as a retaining wall (bolwerk), which allows some advance in the height of individual zones to be dense. The use of boards 4 as supports for the pipelines 6 and conduits 7 reduces the costs of their relocation. Separating the transition zones 2 from the core 1 with adjustable shields allows, during the winter alluvium, to prevent the ingress of ice forming on the surface of the pond sludge into the body of the transition zones 2 separated from the pond by shields, and because of the constant maintenance of the pond 1. The prevention of ice formation from the contact of the shield 4 with the draining of the drags can be carried out by heat protection — an additional height layer of the material of the transition zone 2 (FIG. 3). The flexibility of the boards 4 in the transverse direction allows changing the position of the interface of different zones and reducing the width of the core 1 as the dam grows by varying the load on them from one side or the other of the dam to the ground pressure and by advancing these zones in height. The proposed method of erecting dams from local materials makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost and speed up the construction of dams, as well as to simplify the production of works during the winter period in a harsh northern climate. as in this case, it is easy to organize protection against the ingress of ice and snow into the body of the dam. This eliminates the possibility of destruction of the material of the transition zones of the dam with pond water when the dam core is washed up. All erection operations are carried out in parallel without technical interruptions. The use of movable shields creates a smooth surface of the transition zones, which reduces friction with the dam core, as a result of which the dam loamy core consolidates under better conditions without the hinge of the dam. The use of shields allows one to obtain a dam core with a crimped profile, which leads to significant savings. After completion of the dam construction, all shields are removed and can be used in new construction.

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Claims (1)

METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A DAM FROM LOCAL MATERIALS, mainly stone-earthen, including washing the core of the dam, dumping transitional aeons and side prisms, and so on, so that, in order to improve the manufacturability of the dam through a continuous process of laying the soil on over the entire width of the dam, the dam is erected by installing shields that are variable in height at the places where the transitional aeons are interfaced with the dam core and side prisms, after which the dam core is washed and transitional eons are dumped simultaneously. figure 1