SU1044224A3 - Automatic machine for cutting clay bar - Google Patents

Abstract

The automatic cutting machine is for unfired ceramic products used in the building industry. The ceramic strand leaving the press is received on a moving belt and is taken to a cutting frame which reciprocates in the main frame. The frame carries adjustable rollers and tensioners for cutting wires. The belt, or one of its rollers, is provided with a pulse generator, formed, e.g. by a perforated disc a light source and a photocell. The actuation is controlled, e.g. pneumatic cylinders, of the cutting frame and the wire tensioner via an electronic control system.

Description

The invention relates to automatic cut-off automat with electrically controlled, designed in particular for tape cutting, molded using presses common in the brick industry and continuously supplied from such a press {also known as clay clay). , such as the framework for ceramics or clay products.  A cutting machine for cutting raw clay products in the industry of building materials is known, which contains a trailer for moving the clay strip, a string cutting device and a pusher with a drive l j.  The closest to the invention in technical essence is an machine for cutting raw clay products containing LI. a press, a conveyor belt, a detachable frame with a drive, strings and a tension device, guiding and supporting rollers, the frame being detached kinematically connected with the conveyor belt Zj.  The disadvantages of these machines are the low cutting accuracy of the tape, caused by the fact that the cutting of the string is carried out with a moving belt and relatively loose of the string.  The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of cutting the tape.  The goal is achieved by the fact that a speed sensor is inserted into a cutting machine for a clay bar containing a press, a conveyor, a cutting frame with a drive, strings and a tension device, guiding and supporting rollers, the frame being kinematically connected with the conveyor. beam and electronic control unit, and the drive cut-off frame is connected to the electronic control unit.  In addition, the electronic control unit contains four pulse counters, a decoder, a switch-on unit, a switch, two actuators, three valves and a recording device, with one output of the first counter being connected via the decoder to one input of the second, third meter, switch-on unit, and the switch, the other input of which is connected via the fourth counter to another output of the first counter, the output of the second counter is connected to the recording device, the output of the third counter is connected to another input of the unit and the corresponding input of which is connected to the output of the fourth counter, the input of which is connected to one output of the switch, the other output of which through the first actuator is connected to the third valve, one output of the switch-on unit is connected to another input of the third counter, another output of the switch-on block through the second actuator connected to gtrvom. and the second valve, and the corresponding output of the switch-on unit is connected to the corresponding input of the switch.  Moreover, the speed sensor of the beam is made in the form of a perforated disk, a source and a light receiver.  FIG.  1 shows a clapboard cutting machine, top view; in fig.  2 - the same, side view; in fig.  3 - left-sided construction of the machine and a top view, cutting frame on a larger scale; FIG. i is a section A-A in FIG.  3; FIG. 5 is a partial section; Fig. 6 is a side view of the machine structure, side view; in fig.  7 - machine, top view partially in.  cut; in fig.  8 - machine bed, top view; Fig, 9 is the same, side view; in fig.  10-15 most important functioning parts of the machine in different positions; in fig.  1 $ electrical control block diagram; in fig.  17 is a timing diagram for explaining the operation of the automaton.  Machine for cutting clay bar works as follows.  The clay that comes out of the screw press enters the gripping belt 1 and sets it in motion by friction.  The tension of the belt 1 is established by means of a tension roller 2, which can be driven by an inline 3 (FIG.  2 and 8).  The upper part of the tape 1 is held by a series of supporting rollers in order to keep the top surface of the tape raktically flat, thereby ensuring a good adhesion of the line bar to the tape along it.  3 FD clips are supported by Mocttic 5.  A rubber-wrapped guide cylinder or drum 6 is rigidly connected to a sprocket 7, driven in.  the movement of the moving beam due to the clay bar tape 1, the rubber surface prevents sliding against the tape.  Clay does not stick to the rubber surface.  The other guide cylinder 8 is also provided with a rubber casing, on this cylinder a gear wheel 9 is mounted, whereby the gear wheel is also driven by belt 1.  The gear wheel 9 is fixed with the power of the bolt 10 on the shaft.  The endless chain 11 may have a structure similar to that of bicycle chains, the chain being driven by a sprocket 7.  The chain 11 is guided through sprockets installed in the frame of the machine 12.  The chain 11 can be connected to the connection with the cutting frame 16.  The frame is set in motion by the chain 11 in such a way that it moves with the same speed as the clay block, and this can be achieved almost exactly vertical plane of the segment.  The cutting strings 17 are mounted in the cutting frame 16 (in FIG.  1 and 3 only two are shown.  A gear wheel 9 drives a pulsed disk 18 through the corresponding transmission, which is concentrically evenly drilled from each other.  In the described embodiment, each individual distance, which is between two adjacent drill holes, corresponds to a tape displacement of 1 mm.   rotates between the photosensitive element (light emitter) 19 and the light source 20 (Fig.  one).  When the clay beam sets in motion the belt 1, the pulsed disk 18 simultaneously comes into rotational movement in such a way that the movement of the belt by 1 mm corresponds to a rotation equal to 2 centrally divided by two drillings of the central angle.  During this rotation, the light incident on the photosensitive element 19 is interrupted once.  Thus, after each displacement of the clay bar by 1 mm, one follows. switching on the photosensitive element, due to which a single pulse is applied.  Pulses are used to control parts, and control signals that are produced at time intervals proportional to the length of the path traversed by the clay bar can also be produced in other ways, for example a clay bar drives a tape recorder on which the intended pulsing excitation signals.  The chain 11 moves between the clamping pads 21 (FIG.  2 and t), functioning as a collet and intended to clamp an object between them.  As soon as the working phase of the cutting frame begins, t. e.  At the beginning of the cutting process, the pneumatic working cylinder 22 compresses the clamping pads 21 (FIG. 2, 3 and it), due to which they hold the chain 11.  Taking into account that the chain moves at the speed of a brick beam, the pads, like the frame 1b welded to the top block, are set in motion and acquire the speed of the clay beam.  The cutting strings 17 fastened on the cutting frame are cut off exactly in the vertical plane.  bones, since the relative velocity between the strings and the clay bar is zero.  one . . .  . .  Said pneumatic slave cylinder 22 is an air actuated actuator.  The slave cylinder is designed to move the movable pad 21 and grip the chain 11.  When moving, the movable shoe moves relative to the stationary shoe welded to the cutting frame 16.  The working cylinder is supplied with compressed air from an air reservoir 23, which simultaneously actuates the remaining pneumatic cylinders.  The tank can be connected to the network or to a separate compressor and is equipped with hoses.  The frame 16 carries on itself the cutting strings 17, the device for tensioning the strings 25, the guide carts 26, the pneumatic working cylinders 27, the string holder 28 and the rollers 29 and is a device of the L-shaped profile that rolls on the guide rollers 30 (FIG.  7 and 8).  Thus, the frame can be freely moved from one final noi to another. The guide rollers 30 guide and support the cutting frame.  During the vertical movement, the string tensioning device 25 is guided along column-shaped guide bars 31 having a hexagonal cross-section mounted on the cutting frame 1b.  Along these strips, guide carriages 2b are rolled, guiding string tensioners mounted on the cutting frame 1b.  Tensioning devices for the strings 25 serve to hold the cutting strings 17,. cut into parts of the clay bar, and adjacent to the working tsiglindra 27 (Fig.  1 and 2).  Both guide carts consist of a sleeve, on the upper and lower ends of which bearings are mounted at an angle of 120 ° (Fig.  3), with which the guide carriages can roll along the guide bars 31. The guide bars and adjacent components are carried on the machine bed 12 of the cutting machine, which can be made of steel pipes and rests on three legs on the floor. .  Behind a protective cap 32 made of transparent material (FIG.  2) string holders 28 are mounted on the string tensioner 55, which, however, can be fixed with a bolt 33.  On the side opposite to the location of the personnel, hooks are provided on the string holders, on which the loop at the end of the cutting string 17 can be hung, on the side of the operating staff there is one rotating pin 3 on the holders 28 side. The end of the string is inserted into the hole of the rotary pin, after which the string is tightened due to the rotation of the pin.  The rotary pin 3 is designed in such a way that during tension, rotation is possible only in one direction. .  Theoretically, the cutting machine can be operated with only one string 17, in practice, however, for the most part they work with three or more jets, due to which several parts are cut at the same time.  The mutual distance between the strings is equal to the length of the product, the adjustment of the strings can be easily done by moving the holder 28 and fixing it with a bolt 33.  During string operation, the clay beam moves forward in the cutting frame 16 on the rollers 29 in the direction indicated by the arrows.  The rollers are preferably covered with felt, thus sticking of clay can be avoided.  Moving on further cut products are supported by rollers 35 Roller bearings are mounted in ST casings that are placed in tubes 37.  The covers 36 and the rollers 29 should be placed so that the rollers do not restrict the movement of the cutting strings.  For this purpose, the covers are inserted into the respective pipes 37 in such a way that the strings descending and receiving the shape of an arc can move further between each two rollers.   After tracking, the reverse movement of the cutting frame 16 is limited to the stop 38 fixed to the frame of the machine 12.  In order to take a collision; on the stop there is a layer of rubber.  The pneumatic working cylinders 27 are fixed on the cutting frame 16 and are designed to move the tensioning devices of the strings 25 and the cutting strings during cutting. clay cladding  In machines that serve to cut smaller pieces, one working cylinder is enough, simultaneously driving both string-tensioning devices.  The connection between the piston of the working cylinder 27 and the string tensioning device is provided by the connecting piece 39.  The most important part of the lever arm adjusting the initial position is formed by the arm lever tO, the task of which is to move the chopper after the cutting process to cut the frame 16 to its original position. The shoulder is driven by the pneumatic working cylinder kl adjacent to the lower end (Fig.  2 and 8), with the upper end of the shoulder resting on the detachable frame.  At the beginning of the process, when the detachment of the frame 16 begins to move along with the clay beam, the pneumatic working cylinder ttl receives neither a pulse nor a signal, therefore it has the opportunity. free running.  Thus, the frame during its forward movement moves the shoulder 40 in front of it, and then the shoulder moves the piston of the working cylinder (I.  After.  the cutting process is completed, the control supplies air to the working cylinder, as a result of which its piston extends and the shoulder moves away.  Tenepj, shoulder 0 moves back the cutting frame to its original position.  Thus, the working cylinder 41 can perform work only in one direction, in the opposite direction and the strings move the cutting frame.  The gear wheel 9 fixed on the shaft of the guide cylinders 8 is assigned the task of continuously driving the impulse disk 18 through the intermediate drive.  The sprocket 7 is bolted to the guide cylinder 6, and the wheels 11 constantly move the chain 11 during its rotational movement.  With a stroke corresponding to the rotation of the pulsed disk 18, the photosensitive element 19 (Fig.  1) sends rectangular signals to the electronic unit.  The photosensitive element should be mounted on one side of the pulse sensor 18 so that the light source 20 of light emitting continuously is on the other side of the disk.  The light source directs the beam of light made to the disk to the photosensitive element 19.  When the disk is rotated, the light beam hits the photosensitive element or is interrupted.  When one hole, t. e.  one interruption of the light beam, corresponds to the movement of the clay beam by 1 mm, the t48 sensory sensor at each individual movement of the clay beam by 1 mm gives one pulse, but this distance can be longer or shorter than 1 mm.  Control box (fig.  1, 2, and 7) is closed, but can be opened using a sliding or pivoting door, thereby providing easy access and available electrical fittings.  The 200 V transformer in the control box can convert the mains voltage to 12 and 60 V and supply each part of the device with a current.  In order to store information in the control unit when the current is disconnected, the installation contains a battery.  A pulsed disk 18, a corresponding light source 20 (e.g., incandescent lamp) and a sensing element 19. also located in the control box, preferably in a separate box; The control valves of the pneumatic working cylinders can be protected in a known manner against overcurrent.  All electronic components are mounted on a single printed-circuit panel of the current loop, and the service panel (not shown) provides the operator with the opportunity to interfere with the operation process.  So, for example, using the rotary knob 3 of the counter 4 (Fig.  15 and 16) the number of products cut at a time can be adjusted, while the length of the product (the length of the brick) is adjusted using the rotary knobs 45 of the decoding device 46.  The number of cut pieces is indicated by a digital indicator unit kj, for which the counter W is intended, which can be adjusted to zero with the switch 49.  In accordance with the number of string-cutting strings 25 installed in the tensioning device (their number depends on the length of the bricks), the rotating knob 4.5 should be adjusted by an amount corresponding to the number of parts.  So that the command to the segment was submitted only after moving the clay beam corresponding to a specific brick length.  . this information must be stored in the control unit.  In practice, the length of a hollow brick logo is usually in the range of 60-500 mm, so that the mutual distance between the cutting strings should vary within fairly wide limits. Accordingly, the rest of the characteristics should be adjusted so that they correspond to the required length of the product. The designations U (-U ((FIG.  15 and 1b) refer to pulses (voltage), designations tj, indicate that the current N can be read on the counter 50 in the IRR code and denotes the content increasing depending on time in accordance with the number division (adjusted. baths and respectively measured data) T; | -T- - duration, time, M - the position of the cutting strings.  At the point of time 1d, when going. from the top, the process of the cut-off is just completed, the strings 17 are in the lower position and the frame 16 is detached from the action of the working cylinder tl offset from its initial position (on the f. ig.  9 right); Clay bar moves already cut products in front of you.  Through the support rollers 35, they fall on the conveyor belt 51 which does not belong to the cutting machine, which transports the product further.  During the repetition period C of the control pulses U produced by the continuously operating pulse sensor 52, the clay beam passes exactly one path unit (1 mm in the example described here).  The mentioned pulses of the IC fall into the counter 50, due to which its content N is constantly increasing.  Meanwhile, the frame reaches its initial position (Fig. 10) but it does not cause in the system. no change management.  In the initial position, the frame is fitted. .  to the stop 38, which may lead back to the pressure exerted by the working cylinder AI, after the clay bar moving towards the carved frame reaches. length, corresponding to the length of one product, t. e.  the increasing N content of the counter 50 will reach the adjusted c. By turning the rotary knob of the decoder 6 of the H value, the decoder delivers a short pulse LI-, which leads the counter 50 to the zero position, the counters C and 48 continue to be turned on, Ishrd is from zero, the counter starts to increase and the whole counting cycle repeats for period T, thus the counter 48 receives after each displacement a clay beam. corresponding to the length of the product, one pulse each, and 9 from the decoding device 46, t. e.  the number of items is continuously counted.  The contents of the counter 48 can be set to zero with the help of the switch 49, so that the indicator unit 47 connected here shows always the number of products NJ made after the last zero setting.  Digital display tubes — Nixie tubes (not shown) that are available on the service panel are not constantly illuminated, reading is possible only when KOI- voltage is supplied to the tubes by means of switch 49, Decoder 46 delivers not only a sequence of pulses Uj, but also produces at another output, delayed by time T, but with the same time of the repetition period T, | a sequence of pulses Ud. The said block decodes in the process of separate counting cycles the corresponding BITT combination also corresponding to an intermediate value (for example, 50).  A counter 44, to the input of which such a sequence of pulses arrives and, is pre-adjusted with the aid of a rotating knob 43 by an amount j-l.  Consequently, the counter 44 of the field of each re-activation sends a pulse Uf to the switching unit 53,. bringing in escort.  A decoding device 46 provides each time period T after each readout of each control pulse. short logical level 1 (hereinafter, briefly denoted level 1) to the input of the switching lock 53.  Said level 1 together with level 1 of the pulse Uy overturns the output voltage U-, block a O.  At the same time, unit 53 extinguishes the contents of the counter (because it tilts another output voltage Uf to level 1.  Under the action of this tilting, the valve drive unit 5 supplies the current 3 magnetic supplies 55 and 5b, whereby the magnetic valve 55 turns on the working cylinder 22, and the magnetic valve 5 turns off the working cylinder k, which until now kept the cutting frame in the initial position.  The frame moves to this left to the left, m. e.  it moves away from the stop 38, because under the influence of the working cylinder 22, the protective block 21 captures the chain 11. .  At the time of contact, the chain 11, due to friction, sets in motion a cutting frame, which moves with acceleration, and after passing an extremely small path, for example, 1-2 mm, its speed reaches the speed of the clay face.  Further movement of the cutting frame is provided by connecting with a positive fit between the block 21 and the chain 11.  Acceleration is provided by the very speed of the clay bar, since the clay bar — despite the fact that it is moving forward on the rollers 29 — tends to move the cutting frame (to the left).  Thus, the clay frame begins to accompany the frame.  In order for the segment to occur only when the velocities of the clay beam and the cutting frame are completely equal to each other, the pulses Uj, diverted from the decoding device k6, set the time intervals in the +6 switching unit as follows.  First, with both oppositely varying outputs of switching unit 53, the logic level U is overturned to level O, and Ug goes to level VI at the same time.  When this level is fed to one input of switching unit 57, which starts the process of cuts, the second input is released (disconnected -), due to which the component of the pulse sequence arriving at periods Tg arrives at block time 57 and tilts output levels U and O.  As a result of the output level U, the drive unit 58 drives the current 1 to the magnetic valve 59, the latter injects air from the bottom into the working cylinder, the cylinder lifts the string $ 2 to cut the string during the Tj2 in the anti-strings, the final end position (FIG. 12) and at this time it immediately cuts off N2 from the clay beam. products.  Returning to time tg, it should be mentioned, due to the fact that the output and () of block 57 is reduced to the level O, the counter 60 is turned on, stopping the tracking.  The latter measures the path of the clay beam from the beginning of the cutting process.  Deduced.  from counter 50, pulses Uj are counted with a time period Tj.  .  After passing a predetermined time period, in the example described, the prescription is titelno after counting eight pulses U2, when the cutting process is completed, counter 60 sends a pulse U (f, which drives the output levels of block 53 back to its original position (U returns to level 1 to the level) unit 5 interrupts the current of 3m magnetic valves 55 and 56.  Thus, the magnetic valve 55 stops the flow of the bringing means. the action to the working cylinder 22, while the magnetic valve 5b supplies it to the working cylinder ijl (Fig.  13).  The tracking period ends and the working cylinder k moves the cutting frame back to its original position.  The output level of the UJQ block. 57. switching in the same way is tilted under the action of the pulse Uff back to the state of level 1.  The counter is set to zero and ready for operation before starting.  scrap the next process cuts.  Now a situation arises in accordance with FIG.  It, which is different from that shown in FIG.  9 the situation is that the cutting strings are at the top.  Finished, one cycle of segments,. the next cut cycle occurs in a similar way with the -th difference that the cut is performed in the opposite direction.  The output level U of block 57 remains even after the termination of the process until the beginning of the next at level O, after

under the influence of the overturning, the block 58 interrupts the magnetic valve 59, due to the fact that the valve supplies air instead of the lower part to the upper part of the working cylinder 27 and the device The tension of the strings 25 begins to move down. Thus, block 5b also functions as a device for storing data; since the output level as and, respectively, remembers the information relating to the direction of the segments that have just taken place. Thus, the voltage timing diagram UQ is a square wave with a period of 2 Tg (Fig. 16), which causes the movement of the strings, alternately directed in successive cycles down one time, one time up

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Claims (3)

1. AUTOMATIC MACHINE FOR CUTTING CLAY BAR, containing a press, a conveyor, a cutting frame with a drive, strings and a tensioner, guides and supporting rollers, and the cutting frame is kinematically connected with the conveyor, O τη and which allows you to increase accuracy of cutting the tape, a speed sensor of the beam and an electronic control unit are introduced into the machine, and the drive of the cutting frame is connected to an electronic one. control units. 2. An automaton in π. 1, VL - V, which means that the electronic control unit contains four pulse counters, a decoder, an enable unit, a switch, two actuators, three valves and a recording device, and one output of the first counter is connected to one input of the second through a decoder ,. the third counters, the power-on unit and ', the switch, the other input of which is connected through the fourth counter to the other output of the first counter, the output of the second counter is connected to the recording device, the output of the third counter is connected to another input of the power unit, the corresponding input of which is connected to the output of the fourth counter , the input of which is connected to one output of the switch, the other output of which through the first actuator is connected to the third valve, one output of the switching unit is connected to the other input of the tego counter, another output switching unit via a second actuator connected to the first and second valves, and appropriate output enable block 'is connected to a corresponding input of the switch. 3. The machine according to claim 1, with the fact that the speed sensor of the beam is made in the form of a * perforated disk, light source and receiver. Priority on points: 12.12.78 on points. 1 and 3 09/15/79 under item 2 04422.4. f