SU1016423A1 - Method and apparatus for improving soil structure - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of cultivating the soil, including the formation of a drainage layer under the arable horizon, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost, the drainage layer is made of the permeable soil of the underlying genetic layer by cutting the monoliths together with the soil of the waterproof layer and turning them through 90 deg. 2. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising a base mask and a working body consisting of a stand with a cylinder located in a holder connected to the base mask, characterized in that a screw-shaped soil separator is rigidly mounted inside the cylinder, coincides with the horizontal, and the rear with the vertical axis of the cylinder. w 4 N5 CO fg / z.l A

Description

The invention relates to agricultural forestry and can be used for: 1), treating boggy soils in the drainage zone and saline soils in the irrigation zone. The known method of soil cultivation by drainage includes trenching through a waterproof layer to the underlying permeable layer and subsequent backfilling of the trench with draining material 1. The disadvantages of the method are the greater labor intensity and cost associated with digging trenches, delivering mineral soil and filling it in trenches. There is a known method of cultivating clay soils by creating a drainage layer under the arable horizon, which includes loosening the surface layer, depositing the drainage material and mixing it with the soil 2. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost, as imported drainage material is required. A drainage device is known, which includes a base machine and a working body consisting of a rack with a cylinder located in a holder connected to the base mask 3 and 4. The disadvantage of this device is that it does not wrap off the layers of permeable and waterproof soil. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of soil cultivation process. The goal is achieved in that according to the method under the arable horizon, the drainage layer is made from the permeable soil of the underlying genetic layer by cutting monoliths together with the soil of the waterproof layer and turning them through 90 °. The method is implemented with the help of a device in which inside the cylinder of the working body there is a rigidly installed soil separator of the helical form, the front face of which coincides with the horizontal one and the rear edge with the vertical axis of the cylinder. FIG. 1 shows the device, a general view; in fig. 2 - the same, in the working position; in fig. 3 - section A-A in FIG. 1 in FIG. 4 - soil divider, side view; in fig. 5 is a view B in FIG. four; in fig. 6 - soil before the passage of the working body, in the case when the waterproof layer is directly under the arable horizon, transverse section; in fig. 7 - the same, after adjacent passes of the working body; in fig. 8 - the soil before the passage of the working body in the case when there is a layer of permeable soil between the arable horizon and the waterproof layer; in fig. 9 - the same, after two passes of the working body. A device for implementing the method includes a base machine 1, on which, using a parallelogram linkage 2 with a hydraulic cylinder 3 controls, a working member 4 is mounted. The operating member 4 consists of a stand 5 located in a holder 6 and a cylinder 7, inside which is fixed the separator 8 of the ground screw forms. Brackets 9 are mounted to the stand 5 and the holder 6, to which the brush 10 and the cylinder 11 of the cylinder 12 are fixed. The cylinder 7 has a cutting edge 13 and the ground divider 8 has a cutting edge 14. The method is carried out as follows. A. The waterproof layer is placed directly under the arable horizon (Fig. 6). In the soil mass, the working body 4 is installed so that the cylinder 7 from above somewhat engulfs the arable horizon 15, and from below it rests on the soil of the permeable layer 17, capturing the waterproof layer 16. As the base mask 1 moves forward, the cutting edge 13 of the cylinder 7 cuts the soil from layers 16 and 17, the cutting edge 14 of the soil separator 8 is divided into two parts and, due to the screw shape of the soil separator 8, is wrapped around 90 °. When this permeable soil 17 is placed in a vertical position directly under the arable horizon 15 (Fig. 8). B. The waterproof layer is separated from the arable horizon by a layer of permeable soil (Fig. 7). The operation proceeds as in step A. In this case, depending on the thickness of the layers, if the lower cutting edge 13 of the cylinder 7 is installed directly under the waterproof layer 16, after the working body 4 passes, the layers are placed, as shown in FIG. 8. When installing the cylinder 7 so that the waterproof layer 16 is disposed symmetrically to the horizontal axis of the cylinder 7, after the passage of the working member 4, the layers are placed, as shown in FIG. 9. As a result, a drainage layer from the lower permeable layer, always resting on a permeable base, is always under the arable horizon, eliminating the need for imported drainage material. A device for implementing the method works as follows. When the base machine 1 moves forward, the hydraulic cylinder 3 lowers the hinge 2, with which the working body 4 is lowered and deepened. When reaching a predetermined depth, the oil supply to the hydraulic cylinder 3 is cut off. and permeable 17 soil layers, which are separated by the cutting edge 14 of the soil separator 8. The separator 8, moving forward along with the cylinder 7, with its screw surface wraps the cut and separated layers in a vertical plane by 90 °. After the passage of the layers of soil from the horizontal will move to a vertical position. In this case, a layer of permeable soil is placed under the arable horizon, resting on the permeable base from below. At the end of the passage, the linkage 2 is raised by means of the hydraulic cylinder 3 and the working body 4 is deepened. After this, the second and other passages are made.

For better deepening, the cylinder 7 is installed with a rear cutting angle of 5-7 °, and in order to loosen and ensure easier rotation of the layers, it is made with a taper of about 5-10 °.

For the deepening of the working body 4, it is possible to use a pre-open transverse trench by which the required depth of penetration is directly determined.

To reduce the hinge length, the working body 4 is designed to extend the rack 5 with the cylinder 7 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 12. Under the action of the oil supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 12 under pressure of oil, the rod moves into the case I, moving the rack 5 with the cylinder 7 in the holder 6 downwards, and When the shaft 10 is extended, the column 5 is raised with the cylinder 7. This provides an increase in the depths of the cylinder 7 without increasing the length of the hitch 2.

The method of soil cultivation and device for its implementation significantly reduces the cost of soil cultivation process, since it does not require imported drainage material, retains the arable layer, and also has a simple design and high performance and will find wide application for the cultivation of wetlands and local (depressions) wetlands in drainage zones and in combating soil salinization in irrigation zones.

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Claims (2)

1. The method of cultivation of soils, including the formation of a drainage layer under the arable horizon, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost, the drainage layer is made of permeable soil of the underlying genetic layer by cutting monoliths together with the soil of the water-resistant layer and turning them 90 °. 2. A device for implementing the method according to π. 1, including the base machine and the working body, consisting of a rack with a cylinder located in the holder connected to the base machine, characterized in that inside the cylinder, a screw-shaped soil divider is rigidly installed, the front face of which coincides with the horizontal and the rear face with the vertical axes of the cylinder.