SU1015202A1 - Solar desalinator - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar watermaker containing a pool with liquid, the wall of which is located on the north side is made in the form of a condenser with a groove to collect the distillate and has a height greater than / V opposite the wall of the pool and an inclined translucent roof installed above the latter, characterized in that in order to increase efficiency and productivity, it is equipped with heat pipes and perforated containers with an adsorbent, the latter and the pipes being installed in alternating order along the condenser, and condensing The heat pipe ends are located above the roof, the perforated containers are located below it, and the condenser is equipped from the outside with a rotary heat insulating screen located during the daytime in the area of the tanks. 7; i

Description

The invention relates to solar technology, in particular to solar desalination plants. A solar desalination plant is known, which contains a pool with liquid, the wall of which is located on the north side is made in the form of a condenser with a groove for collecting distillate and has a height greater than the opposite wall of the pool, and is installed above the last inclined translucent roof. In this desalination plant, the solar radiation, the passage through the translucent roof, heats the liquid and evaporates it. After settling on the condenser, the distillate is collected in the groove 1. The condensing surface of the desalinator is constant and optimal only during 2.0-2.5 hours of its operation. Significant heat losses of desalination plant at night. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and productivity of desalitel. The goal is achieved by the fact that the desalination plant containing a pool with liquid located on the north side of the wall is made in the form of a condenser with a groove for collecting the distillate and has a height greater than the opposite wall of the pool and an inclined translucent roof installed above the latter and perforated containers with adsorbent, the latter and the pipes are installed in alternate order along the condenser, and the condensation ends of the heat pipes are located above the roof, the fortified containers are under it, and the condenser is provided from the outside with a rotary heat insulating screen located in the area of the containers during the daytime. FIG. 1 shows a watermaker, a general view; in fig. 2 is a cross section of desalination plant along a heat pipe; in fig. 3 is a cross section of desalination plant with adsorbent in capacity; in fig. 4 - watermaker with the day position of the heat insulating screen, the cross section; in fig. 5 - watermaker with the night position of the insulating screen. The solar desalination plant contains a basin 1 (Fig. 1) with a liquid, a wall located on the north side (Fig. 2) of which is made in the form of a condenser 2 with a groove 3 for collecting distillate and has a height greater than the opposite wall 4 of basin 1 installed above the latter is a sloping translucent roof 5. The watermaker is supplied with additional heat tpy6aMH 6-8 (Fig. 1) and perforated containers 9 (Fig. 3) with adsorbent 10 (Fig. 4 and 5), the latter and pipes 6-8 being installed in alternating order along condenser 2 (fig. 1) and condensing The ends 11 of the heat pipes 6-8 are located above the roof 5, the perforated containers 9 (FIG. 3) are below it, and the condenser 2 is provided on the outside with a rotatable heat insulating screen 12 located during daytime in the area of the containers 9 (FIG. 4) . In addition, at the wall 4 (Fig. 2 and 3) of the basin 1 there is an additional groove 13 for collecting the distillate from the roof 5. The basin 1 (Fig. 1) is provided with a drain pipe 14, a filling pipe 15 and a distillate drain pipe 16. The translucent roof 5 (Fig. 4 and 5) can be made of two glass layers 17 with an air gap 18 between them. Layers 17 are fixed in frame 19 adjacent to condenser 2. Pool 1 is protected by layer 20 (Fig. 2-5) of thermal insulation. The capacitor 2 is made of a thin metal sheet. As the adsorbent 10, zeolites of the brands NaA or CaA with an input window size of 5-10 L can be used. The heat insulation screen 12 is installed on axes 21 (Fig. 4 and 5) located in the middle of the capacitor 2. Axes 21 can be positioned as in the horizontal and vertical planes, and in the first case, the screen 12 is provided with a counterweight 22. The heat pipes 6-8 are filled with light boiling liquid with different boiling points. Solar watermaker works as follows. Through tube 15, pool 1 (Fig. 1) is filled with liquid, which is heated by solar radiation. Steam rises. A small part of the steam condenses on the inner surface of the roof 5 (Fig. 2), and the distillate flows into the groove 13 and then is discharged through the tube 16. Then the roof 5 warms up, the air gap 18, as Translucent thermal insulation, practically does not allow to dump into the surrounding the space of heat condensation and further condensation on the roof 5 ceases. From this point on, almost all of the steam begins to move only to the condenser 2 (Fig. 4). The size of the air gap 18 is designed so that its thermal insulation properties are sufficient to ensure only the indicated distillation. The area of the open part of the condenser 2 is designed so that it is sufficient for the desalter to work in the morning. In the daytime, when the temperature inside pool 1 reaches 30-40 ° C, heat pipes 6 begin to work with a low boiling point of the liquid filling them. The boiling liquid inside them boils up, perceives heat from the vapor, the vapor of this liquid rises up and condenses at the upper ends 11, and the condensate of this liquid flows into the bottom of the pipes 6. Due to the heat loss from the vapor of freshened liquid at the lower ends of the heat tubes 6 a distillate is formed, which flows into the groove 3. Increased total surface corresponds to the amount of steam due to increased radiation

condensation of condenser 2 and heat pipes 6. A further increase in solar radiation is accompanied by the connection of heat pipes 7 and 8 in series with a higher boiling point of the filling liquid, which leads to an increase in the surface area of the condensation in accordance with the increase in the amount of desalination liquid. In the second half of the day, with a decrease in solar radiation /, the heat pipes 6–8 automatically switch off and the condensation surface area reduces the amount of desalinated liquid. In the evening, screen 12 (FIG. 5) is transferred to a new position. The amount of vapor in the desalinated liquid is relatively small and its condensation surface is the heat release through condenser 2. The passage through the adsorbent 10, the vapor is absorbed in its pores by capillary condensation. The amount of adsorbent 10 is selected so that all the vapor is completely absorbed by it at night.

In the morning, screen 12 (FIG. 4) is transferred to

previous position. In the morning, solar radiation heats the adsorbent 10 and the distillate is released from it.

The combination of heat pipes 6-8, metal condenser 2 and tanks 9 with adsorbent 10 alternating with pipes 6-8 along condenser 2 allows the surface area of the condensation to change in accordance with the arrival of solar radiation at each time point and with the actual temperature of the liquid pool 1. Elimination of excess condensation surface dramatically reduces the heat loss of the desalination plant and thereby leads to an increase in efficiency and specific performance.

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FIG. four

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Claims (1)

A solar desalination plant containing a pool with a liquid, the wall of which is located on the north side in the form of a condenser with a groove for collecting distillate and has a height greater than the opposite wall of the pool, and an inclined translucent roof installed above the latter, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency and performance, it is equipped with heat pipes and perforated containers with adsorbent, the latter and the pipes installed in alternating order along the condenser, and the condensation ends are fishing pipes are located above the roof, perforated containers are located under it, and the condenser is equipped on the outside with a rotary heat-insulating screen located in the zone of tanks in the daytime.