SK9339Y1 - Prefabricated building cell, prefabricated building cell system and method of creating a prefabricated building cell system - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the technical solution is a prefabricated building cell system, which is based on prefabricated building cells (1), equipped with special connecting elements, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in horizontal and vertical direction in the front and rear part of the building cell system into flexible functional modules. Prefabricated building cells are manufactured in a specialized factory and their production is computer controlled. They are produced in repetitive forms. According to the technical solution, the cell has a wide range of uses due to its design, meets the requirements of building physics, and is designed to handle seismic loads for every part of the country.

Description

Field of technology

The technical solution relates to a prefabricated building cell, a prefabricated building cell system and a method of creating a prefabricated building system.

Prior art

At present, the construction of civic amenities is most often carried out in the form of individual projects or in the form of prefabricated construction systems, which in the next steps and stages of project documentation are adapted to the requirements of the builder.

The essence of prefabricated systems consists of individual building components, which represent floor, wall and ceiling panels, which are manufactured in such specialized plants, are brought to the construction site and are interconnected into building systems at the construction site. The individual parts are either mass-produced or adapted to the customer's requirements.

The hitherto known components include the planar component described in the published patent application WO2017029208 A1. The component comprises recesses in at least one lateral edge section, between which protrusions are formed. Such two panels can be arranged in such a way that the tooth of one component fits into the recess of the other panel and vice versa, the dimension of the recess corresponding to the dimension of the tooth. The application further claims a building module and the construction of multi-storey buildings, the building module being formed by two rectangular side walls which are fixed by means of a floor beer and a ceiling element, the side walls being located at the edges of the floor.

Published application DE20021050U U1 describes a multi-purpose construction panel having vertical parallel edges provided with serrations which allow adjacent panels to be interconnected. The serration of one part of the panel fits into the serration of the second panel. Two adjacent panels are connected to each other with a pin, and then covered with plaster.

Published application CN204174745U describes a modular temporary building which comprises at least one or more prefabricated residential cells which constitute separate units. The living cells are connected to the staircase. The residential complex is formed by stacking the prefabricated cells on top of each other. The facade of the building is equipped with steel suspended balconies.

Published patent application WO2012106650 A1 describes a method of assembling a structure from prefabricated structural elements for a building system, as well as the building system itself consisting of individual toothed structural elements forming separate modules - cells, these being connected to the staircase and manufactured in the factory and assembled on site. . The residential complex is formed by placing the prefabricated cells on top of each other on a base plate. By gradually adding individual cells, a building with different floors and lengths can be created. The individual structural elements are connected by a toothed joint.

The disadvantage of these described prefabricated parts is that the parts are delivered and assembled on site. The manufacturer is limited by their size in production as well as their transport to the construction site. Another disadvantage is the achievement of the required joint strength of the individual parts.

The essence of the technical solution

The shortcomings of the systems in the mentioned documents are solved by the prefabricated building cell and the prefabricated building cell system presented in the presented technical solution. A prefabricated building cell forms the basis of a prefabricated building cell system, which has a selectable number of storeys.

The cell consists of four mutually perpendicular walls. The cell has recesses and teeth on its longitudinal edges, there is a wall foot in each recess and an anchor short with a coupling in each tooth. At the transverse inner upper edge it has a tooth with an anchor mandrel at the corners and at the transverse outer edges it has recesses with anchor rails, and at the corners at the lower longitudinal edges it has recesses. There may be wall openings on the vertical walls of the cell.

The cells form the basis of a prefabricated building cell system, in which the cells are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in a horizontal and vertical direction in the front and rear of the system, between which a corridor space is formed. The cells of both parts of the system form flexible functional modules, which are residential modules, communication modules and technical modules. Above the corridor space, corridor ceiling panels are placed and gable walls are anchored on the transverse outer walls of the cells. In the outermost fields on both sides of the building cell system on those floors where there is no cell, the empty spaces are filled with vertical walls. The corridors are closed on both sides by corridor walls with openings for doors or windows, and the empty ceiling spaces between the cells on the top floor are filled with room ceiling panels. Also on the base on the lowest floor in the spaces between the cells are room floor panels

SK 9339 ly1 ly. Similarly, there are corridor floor panels on the base on the lowest floor below the corridor area. On the top floor, there are attic walls and gabled walls around the perimeter of the building.

The prefabricated building cell system is assembled by placing cells in a checkerboard shape on a single base in the lower floor in the front part of the prefabricated building cell system on a prepared solid foundation, floor panels equipped with recesses and teeth are inserted between the stored cells on the fixed foundation if they are anchored to the cells by means of wall bases and anchor bolts with connectors.

In the rear part of the lower floor of the prefabricated building cell system, the same procedure is followed as in the case of the front part with a corridor offset, with the cells facing in the opposite direction as in the front part. Corridor floor panels are inserted on the solid base of the corridor space, which are anchored to the inner lower transverse edges of the cells by means of wall heels mounted on the corridor floor panels and anchor bolts with connectors placed on the inner lower transverse edges of the cells. Corridor spaces are closed on both sides of the building cell system by corridor walls with openings for doors or windows.

Subsequently, in the second and each subsequent floor of the prefabricated cell system, the cells are placed in a checkerboard pattern over the space between two adjacent lower floor cells and connected to them by joining them at the longitudinal edges of their vertical walls by means of wall heels anchored in recesses and anchor bolts. by couplings anchored in the teeth so that the recesses and teeth of the vertical cell walls fit together. Also, on each floor, after placing the cells, the corridor ceiling panels are laid in the same way as on the lower floor.

In every second floor, when checkerboard laying cells in the outermost fields on both sides of the prefabricated building cell system, spaces will be created in which there are no cells - with the most suitable solution, these are floors 2, 4, 6 ... In this case, the outer upper longitudinal edges of the vertical cell walls located in the extreme positions below the void space insert the same profiled vertical walls so that on the longitudinal edges of the vertical cell walls and the above-inserted vertical walls their recesses and teeth interlock and join by means of wall heels anchored in the recesses. 2 and anchor bolts with couplings anchored in the teeth. The empty fields are closed by the inserted vertical walls.

On the top floor of the building cell system, in the empty fields in the spaces between the cells, ceiling panels are inserted, which are joined together at the upper longitudinal edges so that their recesses and teeth interlock and are anchored by wall heels and anchor bolts. In those cases where there are no cells in the uppermost positions, vertical walls are inserted in this manner before the ceiling panels are inserted, and the ceiling panels are inserted between the extreme upper longitudinal edges of the cells and the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls, and joined as described. Corridor ceiling panels are inserted and anchored on the highest floors in the same way as on the other floors. In this way, the roof surface of the system is closed.

Insulated gable walls are anchored to the outer transverse edges of the cells provided with recesses and anchor rails in the first and each row of building cell systems by means of anchor rails, the gable walls being connected to each other in the vertical direction by means of mandrels placed in the holes.

When equipping a prefabricated building cell system with attic walls at its top, the procedure is that if there are no cells in the outermost fields but vertical walls, then the vertical walls at the upper longitudinal edges in the recesses are equipped with anchor pins and the ceiling panel placed on the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical wall it is provided with holes in the teeth. Attic walls equipped with openings are placed on the ceiling panels and vertical walls. In cases where there are cells in the outermost fields on the top floor, these cells are equipped with steel plate spikes and teeth in the recesses at the upper upper longitudinal edge. Attic walls are placed on the upper longitudinal edges of the cells and connected to each other using steel plates. The terminating gable walls in the function of attic walls are connected to the gable walls by means of mandrels placed in the openings.

The insulated gable wall on each floor is equipped with a balcony window or a French window, or the insulated gable wall is without a window. The facade of the building cell system can be equipped with a balcony or loggia.

The external modification of the cell system is completed according to the customer's order. This means that in addition to insulation, the roof can be covered with lawn or other vegetation, or the roof can be equipped with a swimming pool. The system can also be set up in such a way that only one part of the cellular system can be placed on the top floor and the other part can have one lower top floor, on which e.g. relaxing terrace with greenery.

The advantage of a building cell system according to the technical solution lies primarily in saving time, costs and accuracy of construction. The cells are manufactured in a plant that is fully automated and their production is computer controlled. They are produced in repetitive molds exactly according to careful planning, which guarantees maximum optimization of the shape, dimensions and reinforcement of the elements. According to the customer's requirements, the cell surface can be modified in various ways, it can be washed, the concrete can be ground, or it can have various surface areas.

SK 9339 Υ1 adjustments. Subsequent transport of the cells formed according to the invention instead of construction allows a quick assembly of an affordable construction cell system. The cell has a wide range of uses due to its design, meets the requirements of construction lysis, and is designed to handle seismic loads for every part of the country. Another advantage of this building system is that buildings with different configurations, different floors and different lengths can be created by gradually adding individual cells.

Overview of figures in the drawings

The technical solution is explained in more detail with the help of the figures in the drawings, where in fig. 1 shows a cell, FIG. 2 is a cell showing a wall opening on a vertical wall for a door, FIG. 3 shows a junction of cells placed above the space between two adjacent cells, FIG. 4 shows the connection of a vertical wall on floors where there is no cell in the outer spaces, FIG. 5 shows the connection of the gable wall to the transverse outer wall of the cell, FIG. 6 shows a method of inserting a corridor ceiling panel into a corridor space, FIG. 6.1 shows the element of FIG. 6 after inserting the corridor ceiling panel into the corridor space, FIG. 7 shows the mounting of an attic wall on the outermost room ceiling panel, which is mounted on a vertical wall, FIG. 8 shows the placement of the attic wall on the extreme longitudinal upper edge of the cell, FIG. 9 shows the insertion of a room ceiling panel on the edges of the vertical cell walls, FIG. Fig. 10 shows a composite building cell system after it has been closed by the top walls of the cells on the top floor, the top ceiling panels, the corridor ceiling panel on the top floor and the corridor walls; 11 is a plan view of the lowest floor of the prefabricated building cell system itself; FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a prefabricated building cell system viewed from above, with partitions separating the corridor space from the residential, communication and technical modules located in the cells of the prefabricated building cell system built on each floor as opposed to the base system. flats (studios, one-room flats, etc.), fig. 13 shows how the system can be used flexibly, when even a part of the corridor space of the system, if it is wide enough, can be used for residential purposes by means of completed partitions.

Examples of embodiments

Example 1 shows a prefabricated building cell system having two floors comprising a row of three cells 1 in the front and back of the system and a corridor 9.

Example 1

The prefabricated building cell system shown in FIG. 10 represents a two-storey building, which is formed by a front and a rear part. In FIG. 10, the second floor of the front part of the system is not shown in order to make it clear that their connection to the corridor space 9. However, it is true that the second floor of the front part, which is not shown, is solved exactly as in the case of the rear part. The prefabricated building cell system is formed by cells 1, which are manufactured in the factory and imported to the building. Cell 1 shown in FIG. 1 is formed by four mutually connected perpendicular walls. The cell 1 at its longitudinal edges is provided with recesses 2 and teeth 3, in each recess 2 there is a wall foot 4.2 and in each tooth 3 there is an anchor bolt with a coupling 4.1. On the transverse inner upper edge it is equipped with a tooth 3.1 with an anchoring mandrel 5 in the corners and on the transverse outer edges it is equipped with recesses 2.2 and anchor rails 4.3. In the corners at the lower longitudinal edges it is equipped with recesses 2.1. The cells 1 in the front and rear part of the system were placed on the second floor by placing them in a checkerboard pattern over the space between two adjacent cells 1 of the first floor and joining them by joining them at the longitudinal edges of their vertical walls by means of wall heels 4.2 anchored. in the recesses 2 and the anchor bolts with couplings 4.1 anchored in the teeth 3. The placement of the cell 1 on the second floor between the two mounted cells 1 of the first floor is shown in FIG. 3.

By arranging the cells in the front and rear part of the building, a corridor space 9 was created. The corridor spaces 9 were closed on both sides of the building cell system by corridor walls 15 with openings 13 for doors or windows (Figs. 6, 6.1). Above the corridor spaces 9 on each floor, corridor ceiling panels 10 were placed (Figs. 6, 6.1).

On the transverse outer walls of cells 1, the gable walls 18 were anchored by means of anchor strips 4.3 in the

SK 9339 Υ1 brothers 2.2, wherein in the vertical direction the gable walls 18 are connected to each other by means of mandrels 5 placed in the openings 16 (shown in Fig. 5).

In cases of more than 2 floors on every second floor, when checkerboard laying cells 1 in the outermost fields on both sides of the prefabricated building cell system, a space is created in which there are no cells 1 - the most suitable solution is floors 2, 4, 6 ... In the case, equally profiled vertical walls 11 are inserted into the recesses 2 and the teeth 3 at the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls of the cell floor 1 in the extreme positions so that their recesses 2 are inserted at the longitudinal edges of the vertical walls 1 and above the vertical walls 11. and the teeth 3 are interlocked and the joints are closed by means of wall feet 4.2 anchored in the recesses 2 and anchor bolts with couplings 4.1 anchored in the teeth 3. The empty fields are closed by the inserted vertical walls 11. This procedure is shown in FIG. 4. In this example of a two-storey two-storey building in vertical positions, the vertical walls 11 were inserted in a modified manner so that the ceiling panels 14.1 were inserted between the upper upper longitudinal edges of cell 1 on the upper floor of the vertical walls 11.1. per cell 1 on the upper floor in cases of more than two-story systems). In Example 1, the roof area of the building was closed in this way. In cases where there are cells 1 in the extreme positions on the upper floor, the ceiling panels 14.1 are connected to the upper longitudinal edges of the cells 1 on this floor, which also closes the roof area of the building.

In example 1 the attic walls are connected, in this example the attic walls 12.1 were connected by means of anchoring pins 5 inserted in the recesses 2 in the upper longitudinal edges of the extreme vertical walls 11 which passed through the openings 16 of the ceiling panels 14.1 placed on the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls 11a. in the openings of the attic walls 12.1, as shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 8 shows a simpler way of connecting the attic walls 12.2 in case the cells 1 are in the extreme positions.

Example 1 shows a prefabricated building cell system having only 2 floors comprising a row of only three cells 1 in the front and back of the system and a corridor 9 and its construction. It is obvious that the number of floors and cells 1 in the rows is arbitrarily selectable and it would be possible to illustrate several embodiments of said system, but the whole system and its creation in these embodiments is included and clarified in the given texts and figures as well as the claims of the present invention. application.

Example 2

A plan view of the lowest floor of the prefabricated building cell system itself with seven cell spaces in the rows of the front and rear of the system and the corridor is shown in FIG. 11.

Examples 3 and 4 present examples of applications of a prefabricated building cell system according to user requirements.

Example 3

The embodiment in Example 3 is explained in FIG. 12, which shows a cross-section of a prefabricated building cell system seen from above, while in contrast to the basic system there are built-up partitions (e.g. prefabricated building cell system, while residential modules are used for various types of apartments (studios, one-room apartments, etc.).

Example 4

In FIG. 13 shows how the system can be used flexibly, when even a part of the corridor space 9 of the system, if it is wide enough, can be used for residential purposes according to the requirements of the users by means of completed partitions. Part of the corridor used for residential purposes is hatched for illustration.

Industrial applicability

The described prefabricated building cell system according to the technical solution consisting of cells is intended for the construction of apartment houses, children's homes, boarding houses, hostels, rental houses and retirement homes.

SK 9339 Υ1

A list of cell selection reference marks on the longitudinal edges of the cell

2.1 selection at the corners of the cell

2.2 removal at the transverse edge

2.3 removing the corridor panel of the teeth on the longitudinal edges of the cell

3.1 tooth in the corners of the cell

4.1 anchor bolt with coupling

4.2 wall foot

4.3 anchor rail anchor mandrel residential module communication module technical module corridor corridor ceiling panel

10.1 corridor floor panel vertical wall

12.1 attic wall

12.2 attic wall with recess wall opening room floor panel

14.1 room ceiling panel corridor wall opening steel plate gable wall

18.1 terminating gable wall

Claims (6)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. A prefabricated building cell, characterized in that it consists of four mutually perpendicular walls, with at its longitudinal edges it is provided with recesses (2) and teeth (3), in each recess (2) there is a wall foot (4.2). and in each tooth (3) there is an anchor bolt with a coupling (4.1), on the transverse inner upper edge it is equipped in the corners with a tooth (3.1) with an anchor mandrel (5) and on the transverse outer edges it is equipped with recesses (2.2) and anchor rails (4.3) ), it being provided with recesses in the corners at the lower longitudinal edges (2.1). Prefabricated building cell, characterized in that it has wall openings (13) in the vertical walls. Prefabricated building cell system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is formed by cells (1) arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the horizontal and vertical directions in the front and rear part of the prefabricated building cell system, the prefabricated building cell system in the front and rear part contains flexible functional modules, which are residential modules (6), communication modules (7) and technical modules (8), and a corridor space (9) is created between the front and rear of the prefabricated building cell system, above which there are corridor ceiling panels ( 10) and on the transverse outer walls of the cells (1) there are anchored gable walls (18), and in the outermost fields on both sides of the building cell system on those floors where there is no cell (1) there are empty spaces filled with vertical walls (11), and the corridor space (9) is closed on both sides by corridor walls (15) with wall openings (13) for doors or windows, and the empty ceiling spaces between the cells at the highest floors are filled with room ceiling panels (14.1), as well as on the base on the lowest floor in the spaces between the cells (1) room floor panels (14), similarly on the base on the lowest floor below the corridor (9) there are corridor floor panels (10.1) and on the top floor, there are attic walls (12.1, 12.2) and gabled walls (18.1) around the perimeter of the building. Method for creating a prefabricated building cell system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the lower floor in the front part of the prefabricated building cell system, cells (1) are placed on a prepared solid foundation in a checkerboard shape of one cell (1), floor panels (14) equipped with recesses (2) and teeth (3) are inserted between the cells (1) placed in this way on a solid foundation and anchored to the cells (1) by means of wall feet (4.2) and anchor bolts with connectors (4.1), in the rear part of the lower floor of the prefabricated building cell system is carried out in the same way as in the case of the front part with the offset for the corridor space (9), with the floor corridor panels (10.1) anchor the edges of the cells (1) by means of wall feet (4.2) placed on the corridor floor panels (10.1) and anchor bolts with connectors (4.1) placed on the inner lower transverse edges cells (1), the corridor space (9) thus formed is closed by corridor walls (15) equipped with anchor mandrels (5) and openings for doors or windows (13), and corridor ceiling walls are placed between the inner upper transverse edges of the cells (1). panels (10) which are anchored to the inner upper transverse edges of the cells (1) by means of wall feet (4.2) mounted on corridor ceiling panels (10) and anchor bolts with connectors (4.1) on the inner transverse edges of the cells (1), then on the second and in each subsequent floor of the prefabricated cell system, the cells (1) are placed in a checkerboard pattern over the space between two adjacent cells (1) and connected to them so that at the longitudinal edges of their vertical walls they are connected to each other by wall heels (4.2) anchored in recesses (2) and anchor bolts with connectors (4.1) anchored in the teeth (3) so that the recesses (2) and the teeth (3) of the vertical cell walls (1) fit together, and also on each floor after the cells ( 1) save the corridor ceiling panels (10) in the same way as on the lower floor, in every second floor, in checkerboard placement of cells (1) in the fields on both sides of the building cell system in areas where there are no cells (1), the recesses (2) and cogs ( 3) insert the same profiled vertical walls (11) on the upper outer longitudinal edges of the extreme vertical walls of the cells (1) located in the extreme positions below the empty space so that the vertical vertical walls (1) and the vertical walls (11) are inserted above them at the longitudinal edges of the vertical walls. their recesses (2) and the teeth (3) interlocked and connected by means of wall feet (4.2) anchored in the recesses (2) and anchor bolts with couplings (4.1) anchored in the teeth (3), and empty fields with inserted vertical walls (11) close, on the top floor of the building cell system, in the empty fields in the spaces between the cells (1), ceiling panels (14.1) are inserted, which are joined to each other at the upper longitudinal edges so that their recesses (2) and teeth (3) ) fit together and anchored using the wall bases (4.2) and anchor bolts with couplings (4.1), in which case there are no vertical walls (11) in this way before the ceiling panels (14.1) are inserted before the ceiling panels (14.1) are inserted, and the ceiling panels (14.1) are inserted between the extreme upper longitudinal edges of the cells (1) and the upper longitudinal edges of the vertical walls (11) and joined to each other in the above manner, further to the outer transverse edges of the cells (1) (4.3) in the first and each subsequent row of the building cell system, the insulated gable walls (18) are anchored by means of anchoring rails (4.3), in the vertical direction the gable walls (18) are connected to each other by means of pins SK 9339 Υ1 (5) placed in the openings (16), when connecting the attic walls to the top floors, the procedure is such that if there are no cells (1) but vertical walls (11) in the outermost fields on the top floor, these walls are on the upper longitudinal edges in the recesses (2) equipped with anchoring mandrels (5), and the ceiling panel (14.1) is provided with holes (16) in the teeth (3) on the outer longitudinal edges, by means of mandrels passing 5 through the holes (16) in the ceiling panels (14.1) attic walls (12.1) are provided and connected with holes (16) on the mandrels (5), and in cases where there are cells (1) in the outermost fields on the top floor, these cells are in the recesses (2) on the outermost upper longitudinal edge equipped with mandrels (5) and teeth (3) steel plate (17), by means of mandrels passing through the holes (16) and steel plates (17) are placed and connected attic walls (12.1), gable walls terminating (18.1) in function the attic walls are connected to the gable walls (18) by means of mandrels (5) placed in the openings (16). .1). Method according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insulated gable wall (18) in each floor is provided with a balcony window or a French window, or the insulated gable wall (18) is without a window. Method according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the façade of the building cell system 15 is provided with a balcony or a loggia.