SK8573Y1 - Artificial recultivation substrate for reclamation of environmental burdens and reclamation of waste based heavy soil and process of making and using thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is an artificial reclamation substrate based on waste, wherein the content of the inherent material of the environmental burden is 10 to 50% by weight, the soil to 80% by weight, the organic sludge to 40% by weight. or waste-based compost up to 60% by weight and wood or other pyrolysis charcoal, or peat up to 30% by weight. calculated on dry weight, as well as the method of its production either directly on the surface of the environmental load with a change in quality from surface to ground by mixing its surface layer with the other components of the substrate or preparing a complete artificial reclamation substrate with subsequent transport and layering environmental burden. The substrate is used to prevent dust pollution from environmental burdens, including closed landfill, to grow energy crops or grass, thereby integrating environmental burdens into the landscape, as well as alternatively daily overlapping the operated landfill or lightening heavy soils.

Description

The technical solution relates to the composition of an artificial reclamation substrate made on. waste base and its use for the reclamation of large-scale environmental burdens and lightweight soils. The above-mentioned reclamation of large areas requires a large amount of soil which is scarce and requires high costs. its security. The technical solution is aimed at a new composition of artificial anlropogenic recultivation substrate with a reduced proportion of soil or soil, but with achieving the required fertility. Environmentally safe and economically efficient use of waste will be an important prerequisite for minimizing waste management and saving natural resources.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The surface layer of the Earth's crust itself contributes significantly to the increased PM2y concentration in the atmosphere. If the surface layer of the earth is degraded or on. superficial is the deposit of dusty material, the contribution of the surface to air pollution increases significantly. For this reason, it is necessary to reclaim extensive degraded areas in the vicinity of serious sources of surface pollution by dust fall or as a result of landfills of various sludge, ash and other waste.

In addition to the trivial soil-inducing solution (topsoil, underwater layer, peat) with a certain thickness, various alternative solutions are proposed for the reclamation of degraded soils. Cittadino, A. et al 2016 (6th International Symposium on Energy by Iroma Biomass and Waste. Venice, Italy. 14-17 November 2016) found the same fertility of the soil that was used to reclaim the landfill as the soil removed from it. Thus, the large soil thickness induced by the old ballast will give good results if erosion is prevented. However, it is advantageous to combine the soil with organic waste. Liebbard, P. and Wriessnig, K. 2005 (Eänfluss Unterschiediicher Kuitursubs Tracks and Pienanzenarten au Siekerwassermenge und Sickerwasserquaíität hei der Schliessung on Deponäeán (Gefassversuch); The Landwirtsebaft Forscbungsanstal (A-8952 Itdning) used horticultural soil and its mixture with compost or sewage sludge with a thickness of 70 cm to investigate the reclamation of the landfill. They note good fertility and the possibility of growing energy-efficient plants. Similarly, Safari, E. et al. 2017 (Journal of Environmental Engineering, 143 (5), 2017). Stabilized sludge from biogas plant treatment plants or compost-based composts are a source of important plant nutrients. Composts, in general and with soil as a cover layer in landfills, reduce surface greenhouse gas emissions.

Compost from the composting of municipal waste after primary (mechanical) separation of the organic fraction (Zahanev, A., Kostadinova, S., Aladjadjjyan. A .: Tntemational Journal of Plant & Soil Science 3 (2) was used with good results to reclaim old contaminated sites, 178-185, 2014), According to IJS Patent 2006/0120807 Al (Method to produce landfits daily Cover 6om sewer sludge and MSW), municipal waste after separation of metals and plastics is used together with fibrous cellulosic waste (wood chips, bark, agricultural waste, straw, horticultural waste, etc.) and unstabilized sewage sludge and drying them for daily overlap in landfills, thus saving large amounts of soil.

Biochar is known to significantly improve soil quality (especially its structure, water regime and fertility) and carbon dynamics in heavily disturbed soils (Harley, A .: Bioehar fbr reclamation in: The Role of Bioehar in the Carbon Dynamics in Drastical Diseases Soils) Colorado, USA, 2010). However, on contaminated or degraded surfaces, it can reduce the penetration of car contaminants into the environment or reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere through its sorption potential. At the same time biochar fulfills the role of carbon sequestration of alcohol binding for hundreds of years). Charcoal produced from residual wood separated from compost has been proven to improve soil quality, similar to peat (Visser, H.J.M., Fryda, L .: 6th Environmental Symposium on Biomass and Waste, Venice - Italian, 14-17 November 2016). Hu a. L., et al. 2009 (Environmental Science Pollution Resesearch 16, 1-9, 2009) utilized plant charcoal to compost sewage treatment plants and by adding this compost to the soil minimized nitrogen losses from the soil and reduced the mobility of copper and zinc cations. For this reason, the application of biochar on cantamined substrates can help promote vegetation growth.

Inorganic waste has also proved its worth in reclamation. The mixing of three parts of compost with one part of the fine fraction of construction waste recyclation (brickwork masonry) has created a suitable substrate, probably also due to the construction waste saliency for grass sowing and growth (lienková, S .: Czech Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, httpsyZdocpfayer.cz/ 16186835-Eng-chloro-the Journal-oTcivil-engineering.htmi).

another solution is that 20 cm of soil was induced into the ash pond and then mixed with the soil cutter, but the soil was not mixed evenly with the fly ash (Vopravil, J. et al: Rekuliivaee and Land Revitalization; Zpravodaj Brown Coal 3/2018). This was followed by biological reclamation, which consisted of sipping on the surface with a green fertilizer mixture, incorporating it into the surface layer and finally

With K 8573 Υί suction of the surface by grassland Due to the need for huge volumes of soil for reclamation, only the stabilization of the surface of the environmental burden, eg. biopolymers (Das, S.K. et al: Precedia Earth and Planetary Science, 11, 254-259, 2015)

Principle of technical solution

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on an artificial reclamation substrate for reclamation of environmental burdens and lightweight waste-based soils consisting of soil or soil and own environmental burdens, with the addition of organically rich sludge or compost produced from waste or manure and pyrolysis coal or peat to bind or retard the leaching of a variety of car poles that could occur in the body of an environmental burden.

Organic-rich sludges are biologically, thermally or chemically stabilized sludges with a minimum content of organic substances in the dry matter of 18%. The most common organically rich sludge is sludge from municipal wastewater treatment, biogas stations or other production sludge, e.g. pulp and paper sludge, which comes from mechanical waste water treatment directly in the pulp and paper plant, sludges from industrial waste water treatment plants and other, not containing dangerous substances, whose composition complies with the requirements for application to soil. Pyrolysis charcoal is a solid, deciduous residue from the thermal treatment of organic matter in the absence of air.

For the time being, simple mixtures of waste and / or soil material used to reclaim degraded or contaminated areas must use a high proportion of soil, improving only some parameters of the reclaimed surface and, in addition, the soil so formed is subject to water and wind erosion. According to our experiments, the above mentioned deficiencies are eliminated by the synergistic effect of a mixture of selected wastes or materials together with the own waste of the environmental burden and soil.

It has been found that a mixture formed from soil, organic sludge from biogas stations or sewage treatment plants or other organically rich sludge, or compost based on waste and pulverized coal or other pyrolysis coal, or peat with its own environmental waste directly from degraded bedrock, respectively. of landfill waste to be reclaimed has a comprehensive contribution to the quality of the reclamation layer and the economy of reclamation.

An advantage of the utility model is that inorganic waste from the area to be reclaimed can be used directly to produce the reclamation substrate. The artificial recultivation substrate will replace a significant proportion of scarce soil / vine crops. reclamation of large-scale areas. The use of in-house environmental material increases the volume of artificial reclamation substrate and reduces the proportion of scarce soil required for large-scale reclamation. In addition, inorganic waste, or in some cases organic waste, in the reclamation substrate mixture facilitates attachment of the reclamation layer to a degraded subsoil or landfill and increases its resistance to long-term erosion and reduces the risk of flooding of the reclamation layer during heavy rainfall.

Puristrious sludge or waste-based compost ensures biological recovery of the reclamation layer and sufficient nutrients. Charcoal, other pyrolysis charcoal or peat improve the water regime of the reclamation layer, reduce drying rate, reduce nitrogen losses and adsorb hazardous metals.

The method for producing an artificial reclaiming substrate according to the claims is implemented either directly on the surface of the environmental burden using its surface layer or outside the surface with subsequent sedimentation and stratification of the artificial reclaiming substrate on the surface of the environmental burden. In the first phase, the waste from the surface layer of the environmental burden is mixed (by deep plowing or milling) with the other components of the reclamation substrate. The advantage of this method is that it achieves a gradient of quality change from surface to subsoil and an intensive connection with the environmental waste waste.

In the latter case, the required amount of waste is first removed from the surface layer of the environmental burden and mixed with the other components of the reclamation substrate, and then the produced artificial reclamation substrate is transported to the surface of the environmental burden. The advantage of the second method is that it is easier to prepare because milling is not required. The disadvantage of the latter is that the artificial reclamation substrate is not so organically connected to the surface of the environmental burden.

Artificial reclamation substrate has multiple applications, primarily to prevent dustiness. The reclamation substrate allows the cultivation of vegetation (grass or shrub biomass), which is the cheapest measure to reduce emissions of particulate matter.

The artificial recultivation substrate can also be used for the cultivation of energy crops, in addition as an alternative daily overlap of the operated landfill, but also for the exploitation of heavy soils.

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EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate the principles of possible compositions of artificial anthropogenic recultivation substrates, processes for their production and use, but do not exhaust all possible variants.

Example i

The artificial reclamation substrate was formed from a mixture of clay soil, granulated slag (GT) from gray cast iron production (Hronec), various types of compost and pulverized charcoal (DU) from batch production (Adidovce). God used two kinds of composts:

• compost (KSL) using by-product after penicillin production (Slovenská Ľupča), • compost (KR) from fast (10 days) co-composting of green chips, dewatered sludge from a biogas plant for agricultural waste processing (Ľudravá),

Vessel testing of the crop of the test plant (2 containers for each variant) was carried out in five variants (weights are expressed in dry matter):

V 0 - pure lithed soil (comparative variant),

In a GT-mixture of pure clay soil with 20% by weight, granulated slag from gray cast iron production,

In KSL - a mixture of pure clay soil with 20 wt.%, Granulated slag and 20 wt. compost

In KR - a mixture of pure clay soil with 20% by weight, granulated slag and 20% by weight, compost from fast (10 days) co-composting of green chips, dewatered sludge from a biogas plant for processing the farmer's sensitivity,

In DU - a mixture of pure clay soil with 20 wt.%, Granulated slag and 20 wt. pulverized charcoal.

To test the suitability of the reclamation substrates, the ground germ (Hornbaeh) seed at 40 g.nr ^{2 was used} . The experiment was carried out under outdoor conditions. Duration of experiment 21 days. After this time period, the truncated plants were weighed.

Tab. Results of relative weight production of plants

variant V 0 In Gľ V KSĽ V KR V DU Relative mass 1 1.4 2.9 2.2 2.6

In all variations with the addition of substrates, there were significantly more germinated plants than in the comparative variation with pure clay feminine alone. The results further show that all defined recultivation substrates and their constituents - granulated slag from the production of gray cast iron and its mixtures with various types of bathing or charcoal, are also suitable for lightweight soils.

Example 2

The artificial anthropogenic substrate was formed from a mixture of horticultural soil, ash from the incineration of waste from. chipboard and semi-hardboard fibreboard for furniture production in 1 MW boiler (Kostolné Kračany), vegetable coal from experimental pyralysis (pyrolyser with a volume of 2 barley Zvolen) of fodder (experimentally grown for energy purposes Michalovce).

The test crops of the test plant '(3 pots for each variant) were carried out in three variants (weights are calculated in dry matter):

V 0 - horticultural zena (comparative variant),

In 1 - horticultural soil mixture 50% by weight, said ash 30% by weight, and 20% by weight, vegetable coal,

In 2 - horticultural soil mixture 40% by weight, said ash 30% by weight, 15% by weight. aerobically stabilized sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant and 15 wt. of plant coal.

To test the suitability of the recultivating substrate, the cress (Bombas) seed was used in an amount of 40 g.nr ² . The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions. Duration of experiment 2i days. After this time, the plants were trimmed and weighed.

Tab. Results of relative weight production of plants

variant V 0 In 1 V 2 Relative h ti® t no s 1 1.1 1.4

These substrates are also useful as fertilizer substrates for soil. When used for reclamation, they represent up to 60% soil savings.

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Example 3

The artificial anthropogenic recultivation substrate was formed from a mixture of clay soil, ashes from coal burning (EVO) and wood from co-pyrolysis wood with a sewage treatment plant with sludge from experimental pyrolysis (pyrolyser with a volume of 2 m ³ barley Zvolen) or peat (Mountfield) compost of sorted municipal waste produced at a landfill and unsuitable for agricultural purposes (Zvolenská Slatina),

The pot tests * of several grass species in the course of (3 pots * for each variant) were carried out in three variants (weights are calculated in dry matter):

V 0 - clay soil (comparative variant),

In 1 - clay soil mixture 70% by weight, fly ash from coal burning 20% by weight, and scoling coal 10% by weight,

In 2 - clay soil mixture * 70% by weight, fly ash from coal, coal 20% by weight. and 10% peat,

V3 - clay soil mixture 70 wt.%, Ash from coal burning 20 wt. and compost 10% by weight.

For testing the suitability of the reclamation substrate, grass seeds of Aros EKOpius dry mix (I-Iombach) in an amount of 45 gm ** ^{2 were used} . A field experiment was conducted under outdoor conditions in a submontane area on a treated area Q, 75 x 0.75 m ² (insulated to a depth of 40 cm) and an equally large area for comparative experiment. Duration of experiment 30 days. After this time, the plants were trimmed and weighed.

In all variations, plant weight gains were approximately the same (± 15%) throughout the growing season. Using these substrates for reclamation, approximately 30% of the crops were saved. clay soil.

Example 4

The artificial anthropogenic recultivation substrate was created from a mixture of horticultural soil, surface trust from the area of magnesite production (Jelšava), anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge (Vilcauová) and pulverized charcoal (pyrolyser with a volume of 2 rn ³ barley Zvolen).

We carried out pot tests of cultivation of several kinds of grasses during 3 years. In these tests, 50% by weight of the substrate consisted of crusts and different ratios of soil, sludge and charcoal.

The procedure for the preparation of the artificial anthropogenic reclamation substrate was as follows: the wood pulp was mixed with an anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant, then the resulting mixture was mixed with horticultural soil and finally with strange matter from the surface of the surrounding area. the mixture which gave the best results was produced in this weight ratio (weights refer to air-dry components): 50 wt. crust: 20 wt. soil: 20 wt. anaerobically stabilized cat: 10 wt. charcoal.

Seeds of the Kostrava plant were planted to test the suitability of the reclamation substrate. t grow t-shirt KÔRA (VUTPaHP in Banská Bystrica) in amount of 50 gm ** ² .

The viability of plants in crust substrates was slower compared to pure horticultural soil, but the weight gains of plants grown on artificial reclamation substrates increased more rapidly compared to the comparative experiment. After 5 weeks the increment was only 10%, but already 2 months after sowing, the increments on the said artificial recultivation substrate were 2-fold higher than in the comparative experiment. After 9 months, the increments on said artificial recultivation substrate were more than 5-fold compared to those in the comparative experiment and ρο 15 months more than 7-fold.

Using this substrate not only greatly increased plant weight gains, but also saved up to 80% soil.

Example 5

The pyrolysis powder of polyethylene and polypropylene (Iza) pyralysis was mixed with an anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant (Zvolen), then the resulting mixture was mixed with clay soil and finally with the ash from the combustion of brown coal removed. in this weight ratio, calculated as dry matter: 25% clay soil: 25% ash: 35% sewage sludge: 15% pyrolysis coal.

The comparative variant was the clay soil itself.

YTVA PIANTF.LLA grass seeds (Sensational Ltd.) in an amount of 40 gm * ² were used to test the suitability of the reclamation substrate. A field experiment was carried out in outdoor conditions in a submontane area on a modified shielded area of 0.75 x 0.75 m ² (insulated to a depth of 40 cm) and an equally large area for comparative experiment.

The weight gains with the reclamation substrate were approximately 1.3 higher than on the soil alone for the entire vegetation period of one year and 75% of the soil was saved.

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Example 6

The compacted municipal wastes and biodegradable wastes are overlapped daily with suitable inert waste, inert material or soil during compaction. Various variants of the above mixture of inorganic environmental waste or inorganic waste directly from production and sludge, or mixtures of wet sludge with garden waste or a fine fraction separated from mixed municipal waste may be used for the daily overlap of the operated landfill, if the mixtures meet the legal requirements for inert waste. waste.

The cross-section is usable

The method of using an artificial reclamation substrate according to the claims is dependent on the particular situation in the environmental burden locality. Artificial reclamation substrate constitutes the topmost component of surface sealing and covering of environmental burdens and also serves for its involvement in the surrounding landscape by allowing the growth of grass, shrubs and trees or also the cultivation of energy fruits.

Any site with stored inorganic waste or other contaminated areas should be covered with vegetation, as without vegetation they produce a surface emission of minimally solid pollutants. The artificial reclamation substrate is used as a covering layer on the surface of environmental burdens, such as e.g. tailings ponds, mining and industrial heaps, industrial contaminated sites, landfills and others. Long-term (fertile for vegetation) overburden coverings must have sufficient footprint, at least 60 cm, and a landfill cover even at least 1.0 m thick, representing enormous volumes of reclamation layer which is a problem only with the soil itself.

Reclamation substrates executed e.g. from mixtures of inorganic wastes and sludge, or even with the addition of garden waste or organic fraction separated from mixed constant waste, may also be used for reclamation of closed landfills or as an alternative daily overlap of operated landfills and for growing grass or shrub biomass. Some reclamation substrates are also suitable for lightweight heavy soils after meeting specific legal requirements.

Treatments using an artificial reclamation substrate are carried out either directly on the degraded pioche of environmental burden by mixing its surface layer with the other constituents of the substrate or by preparing a complete cemented reclamation substrate with subsequent loading and stratification on the surface of the load.

Claims (13)

5. Artificial reclamation substrate for. waste bases, whether or not consisting of a mixture of soil and self-contained environmental waste, with the addition of organic executioners or waste compost and compost based on charcoal or peat, the content of the inherent environmental material being 10 to 50% by weight, soil to 80% by weight, organic sludge to 40% by weight. or waste-based compost up to 60 wt. % and wood or other pyrolysis charcoal or peat up to 30 wt. calculated on a dry weight basis. The artificial waste-based reclamation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the waste is a slag from ferrous metal production. 3. The waste-based artificial reclaiming substrate according to claim 1, wherein the waste is foundry sand from the production of foundry molds. Kernels. The artificial waste-based reclamation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste is coal fly ash or biomass fly ash. . 5. The artificial waste-based reclamation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the waste is magnesite-containing, limestone-containing waste or waste from its production and processing, or surface crust from the surrounding terrain of their production and treatment. 6. The waste-based artificial reclamation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the waste is organic waste without hazardous substances. 7. The artificial waste-based reclaiming substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic sludge is stabilized sludge from a sewage treatment plant, biogas plants, pulp-paper sludge, manure or other organic sludge without hazardous substances. 8. Artificial waste reclaiming substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis coal is pulverized or ground charcoal, other pyrolysis vegetable charcoal or pyrolysis coal and gasification of organic substances without hazardous substances. 9. A method for producing an artificial reclaiming substrate directly on the surface, characterized in that a 10-30 cm layer of soil mixture with the addition of organic sludge or compost based on waste and peat coal or peat is added to the surface of the environmental burden, followed by a deep milling machine. t ý K3, that by that t ý m, that t ý K3, that The second 10 to 30 cm layer of the reclamation substrate is then reinserted, followed by deep milling or plowing to the depth of 40 to 50 cm, or a third layer in the same way . 10. A process for the production of an ex situ artificial reclamation substrate, characterized in that it comprises the extraction of the surface layer of the environmental burden, crushing or grinding, mixing with other components and inducing the formulated reclamation substrate on the surface of the environmental burden of 2.0 to 80 cm Use of an artificial reclamation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for the prevention of dust pollution of an environmental burden, including a closed landfill? waste management, grassing and integration of environmental burdens into the landscape or energy crops. Use of an artificial reclamation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as an alternative daily overlap of the operated landfill? waste. Use of an artificial reclamation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8 using slag from ferrous metal production, foundry? sand from non-chemical production? foundry molds and kernels or ash from wood combustion mixed with various kinds of organically rich sludge or compost based thereon or charcoal and peat / for lightweight heavy soils. End of document