SK8193Y1 - Complex of equipment and method of wasteless treatment of biodegradable municipal waste - Google Patents

Abstract

Complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste is solved in such a way that at the input (1) of BMW a crusher (2 ) is included, the output of which is connected to either a hygieniser (3) or a drying line (5). The output trom the hygieniser (3) is connected to the biogas plant (4) input. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas plant (4) is connected to the drying line (5) . The drying line (5) output is connected either to a pyrolyzer (7) with a second product output (7.1) of bio-coal or is connected to a compaction machine (8). The drying line (5) or the compaction machine (8) has the first product output (8.1) of soil substrate. From the pyrolyzer (7) to the drying line (5) there is a return loop included through a mixing device (6) with input (10) of bio-nutrient waste, whereby the compaction machine (8) included after the drying line (5) has a third product output (8.2).

Description

The technical solution concerns a complex of equipment and a method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste (BDMW). The technical solution belongs to the field of waste treatment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Biodegradable municipal waste also includes kitchen bio-waste generated in households and catering facilities. These are fruit and vegetable cleaning residues, cooked food residues, etc. From a quantitative point of view, kitchen and restaurant bio-waste is the most important component of mixed municipal waste. Depending on the time of occurrence, it constitutes 30 to 45% by weight. This separate collection component must be sorted out at source at all times in order to avoid over-contamination with foreign substances. This waste needs urgent treatment. It is a very dense material and must be mixed with volumetric agents (for example straw or wood chips) to improve air penetration when composting. Frequent rotation is necessary, especially in the early stages of composting. As a rotting waste, it has high air requirements and quickly goes into the anaerobic phase of fermentation. Therefore, it is also used in anaerobic digestion. It occurs throughout the year. When composting and producing biogas from kitchen waste of animal origin or mixtures of materials of plant and animal origin, it is necessary to observe the rules laid down by EC Regulation No. 1774/2002 EC.

Biodegradable municipal waste can be disposed of by the so-called municipal waste. hyginesation. It is a process in which pathogenic microorganisms and thus the health risks associated with the application of products produced from this bio-waste are removed or significantly reduced by the action of high temperature and time.

Regulation of the European Commission no. 1774/2002 (EC) on animal by-products came into force in Slovakia since accession to the EU in May 2004. This regulation lays down health regulations concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption. The Regulation lays down rules for the management of these products, tightens the ban on feeding and, moreover, brings a higher level of control (the Regulation is not incorporated into national legislation but applies directly). This Regulation also defines rules for the processing of animal by-products in composting and biogas plants. The Regulation also applies to the following catering waste:

i. originating from means of transport in international transport; ii. intended for animal feeding; iii. intended for use in biogas plants or for composting.

. 1774/2002 (EC) divides organic materials into three categories according to hygiene risks: Category 1 materials - this includes, inter alia, kitchen waste from vehicles in international transport.

Category 2 materials - this includes, among other things, manure and digestive tract content.

Category 3 materials - including but not limited to:

- animal by-products resulting from the production of products intended for human consumption, including defatted bones and greaves;

- confusing foodstuffs of animal origin, or confusing foodstuffs containing products of animal origin, with the exception of catering waste, which are no longer intended for human consumption for commercial reasons, production or packaging errors, or other defects not posing a danger to humans or animals;

- catering waste excluding transport waste in international traffic.

Even a small amount of material from a higher category means higher categorization and stricter conditions for handling this material

Category 1 materials must be disposed of and no recycling technologies are permitted. For some Category 2 materials, anaerobic digestion and composting are already possible, which are also possible for all Category 3 materials.

When processing BDMW, taking into account the hygiene requirements of Regulation No. In accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (EC), it is necessary to crush the waste into particles with a maximum size of 12 mm and to remain above 70 ° C for 60 minutes.

It follows from the foregoing that the requirements of Regulation No. Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 EC states that composting of catering waste is only possible in closed bioreactors equipped with automatic temperature measurement. Digestion of kitchen waste is only possible at biogas stations with a sanitary grade Waste producers who currently give their kitchen waste for feeding will have to look for new ways of recovering or disposing of such waste in the coming period. This has become an opportunity for some composting and biogas plants to recover waste for treatment. Waste will require high sanitation requirements, but at the same time the fee for using this waste should be an expression2

S K 8193 Yl not higher than other wastes. Existing composting plants using municipal bio-waste collected under separate collection, which also include catering waste, will have to comply with the requirements of the Regulation. This will and will concern the vast majority of separate collection systems for bio-waste in the SR. Increased costs for the use of kitchen waste will have to be paid by the producers of the waste in an increased fee for the use of this waste.

Accordingly, efforts have been made to solve this problem and have resulted in a proposal for a complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and a method for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the present technical solution.

The essence of the technical solution

Said shortcomings are substantially eliminated by a complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and by the method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the present technical solution. The essence of the basic set of equipment for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste consists in the fact that at the first input of the BDMW of the equipment complex there is a shredder whose outlet is connected to either the hygieniser or the drying line. The output of the bulk intermediate from the hygienizer is connected to the input of the biogas plant. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas plant is connected to a drying line. The output of the drying line is either connected to the pyrolyzer with a second product charcoal output or connected to a compaction machine. Here, the drying line or compaction machine has a first product outlet of the soil substrate. The compaction machine then has an output first product of spelletized soil with ub loss.

The complex of facilities for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste can be expanded to include a further feedstock by providing a back loop to the drying line through a re-mixing device with a second feed of bio-waste waste products. The drying line or compaction machine then has a third product outlet of the fertilizer substrate. The compaction machine then has an output third product of the pelletized fertilizer soil substrate.

The complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste has a biogas plant having an energy heat output and / or an electricity output, and / or a gas energy output (Bio-CNG).

In the described complex of devices, a method for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste is realized, the essence of which consists in the gradually described features. In the method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste, the preparation of the material to be treated is also important. The treated waste is collected in barrels and is then fed to the first raw material input of biodegradable municipal waste, from where these crushing operations in a shredder mill are crushed to a fraction where the maximum particle size is 12 mm.

If BDMW is formed by wastes of only plant origin - phytomas, such as leaves, cuttings of branches and shrubs coming from eg. This is followed by a step of drying the ground crushed biodegradable municipal waste to the dried soil substrate, which is already the output product in bulk form. If the drying operation involves the pelletizing operation of the dried soil substrate, the output first product is the pelletized soil substrate.

The described technology can be extended so that the dried soil substrate proceeds to the next carbonization operation with the second biochar output product.

If BDMW is formed by plant waste - phytomas, such as. peel of potatoes and vegetables, cucumbers, vegetable leaves and also waste of animal origin - biomass, such as. meat residues from kitchen and restaurant waste, followed by a sanitation operation in which the crushed BDMW waste is exposed to a temperature above 70 ° C for 60 minutes while stirring. Hygiene results in an intermediate product of hygienised bio-matter. The hygienised bio-mass is processed in a subsequent biogas operation, the waste intermediate of which is a digestate (separate). The main biogas products are heat usable eg. in a drying operation, the electricity usable for supplying at least some of the devices from the complex of waste-free treatment plants for biodegradable municipal waste and the Bio-CNG gas outlet. The waste intermediate is the digestate (separate) fed to the dryer and the drying operation is processed to dry soil substrate, which is already in the bulk form already the output product. If the drying operation involves the pelletizing operation of the dried soil substrate, the output first product is the pelletized soil substrate.

The described technology can be extended so that the dried soil substrate proceeds to the next carbonization operation with the second biochar output product.

N E 8193 Yl

In another advanced technology, the output second bio-coal product proceeds to a further blending operation - blending with the bio-nutrient waste products from the second input, where the blending intermediate is fed to a drying operation with the output of the dried fertilizer soil substrate. If the dried soil substrate is subjected to a pelletizing operation, the output third product of the pelletized soil substrate is obtained.

The advantages of the complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and the method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the technical solution are evident from the effects they exert on the outside. In general, the originality of the complex of installations submitted is that the requirements of Regulation No. Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 EC for the treatment of BDMW with a sanitary grade, while at the same time obtaining a wide range of output products such as soil substrate in or in pellets, fertilizer substrate in or in pellets and bio-coal At the same time, the energy outputs of the heat and / or the energy output of the electricity and / or the energy output of the Bio-CNG are provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The object of the solution according to the technical solution will be explained in more detail in the drawings, where Figure 1 shows a complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a process for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste in a complex plant.

An exemplary embodiment

The individual embodiments of the invention are presented for illustration and not as limitations of the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art will find or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to specific embodiments of the invention. Such equivalents will also fall within the scope of the following protection claims.

It is not possible for the person skilled in the art to optimally design the structure and select its elements, so these features have not been solved in detail.

Example 1

In this example of a specific embodiment, a minimum assembly of a facility for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the technical solution as described in Figure 1 is described. It consists of the first input 1 of the BDMW of the facility complex, to which a shredder 2 is output. Controlledly connected either to the hygienizer 3 or to the drying line 5. The output of the bulk intermediate from the hygienizer 3 is connected to the inlet of the biogas plant 4. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas station 4 is connected to the drying line 5. pyrolyser 7 with a second product outlet 7.1 Biochar or is connected to a compaction machine 8. The drying line 5 or compaction machine 8 has a first product output 8.1 of the loose or spell-laden soil substrate. The complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste has from the biogas plant 4 an energy output 4.1 of heat and / or an energy output 4.2 of electricity, and / or an energy output 4.3 of Bio-CNG.

Example 2

In this example of a particular embodiment, a complete assembly of a complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is described. Starting from the minimum assembly described in Example 1 and expanded as described below. The complex of the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste can be expanded to include a further feedstock by providing a back loop through the mixer 6 with a second feed of bio-waste waste products from the pyrolyzer 7 to the drying line 5, e.g. animal manure. The drying line 5 or compaction machine 8 then has a third product outlet 8.2 of the loose or pelletized fertilizer substrate.

Example 3

In this example of a specific embodiment, a limited method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is operated on the described complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste described in Example 1. In the method of the invention, the treated waste is collected in barrels and subsequently

S K 8193 Yl dza for raw material first input 1 of biodegradable municipal waste BRKO, from where these operations A crushing in a shredder - mill is crushed to a fraction, where the particles have a maximum size of 12 mm

If BDMW is made up of wastes of only plant origin - anthyme, such as. leaves, cuttings of branches and shrubs coming from eg. from the landscaping, the operation D is followed by the drying of input crushed biodegradable municipal waste to the dried soil substrate D.l. which is already the output product in the bulk form. If the drying operation D is followed by the epelletizing operation of the dried soil substrate D.l, then the output first product is the pelletized soil substrate D.l-1.

The described technology can be expanded so that the dried soil substrate D1 proceeds to the next carbonization operation F with the second F. bi-carbon product feed.

If BDMW is made up of plant waste - phytomas such as. peelings of potatoes and vegetables, cucumbers, vegetable leaves, as well as waste of animal origin - biomass, such as. thus, meat residues from kitchen and restaurant waste, followed by a sanitation operation B, in which the crushed BDMW waste is exposed to a temperature above 70 ° C for 60 minutes while stirring. The result of the hygienization is an intermediate product B. 1 of the hygienised bio-mass. The sanitaryized bio-mass is processed in a subsequent operation C of the biogas treatment, whose waste intermediate of C.I is a digestate (separate). The main biogas products are heat H.l usable e.g. in operation D drying, electricity H.2 usable for supplying at least some of the equipment from the complex of facilities for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste and H.3 Bio-CNG gas. The waste intermediate C1 digestate (separate) is fed to a dryer and is dried to a dried soil substrate D by drying operation D, which is already in the bulk form as a feed product. the first product D. 1-1 is a pelletized soil substrate.

The described technology can be expanded so that the dried soil substrate D1 proceeds to the next carbonization operation F with the second F. bi-carbon product feed.

Example 4

In this example of a specific embodiment, a complete process for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention, operated as described in Example 3, expanded as described below, is described. The biofuel output second product F.l-1 proceeds to the next mixing operation G - blending with the bio-nutrient waste products from the second inlet 10, where the mixing intermediate G1 is fed to the drying operation D with the outlet of the dried soil substrate D.2. If the dried fertilizer soil substrate D.2 is subjected to a pelleting operation E, the output third product D.2-1 of the pelletized fertilizer soil substrate is obtained.

Industrial usability

The industrial applicability of the plant complex and the method of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to the technical solution is mainly in the area of BDMW waste treatment.

Claims (8)

A complex of devices for waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste, characterized in that at the first inlet (1) there is a shredder (2), the outlet of which is led either to the hygienizer (3) or to the drying line (5); the outlet of the hygienizer (3) is connected to the inlet of the biogas station (4); the inter-product volume output of the biogas plant (4) is connected to a drying line (5); the output of the drying line (5) is connected either to the pyrolyzer (7) with the second product charcoal output (7.1) or is connected to the compaction machine (8); wherein the drying line (5) or compaction machine (8) has a first product outlet (8.1) of the soil substrate. Complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolyzer (7) is connected to the drying line (5) with a return loop through a mixer (6) with a second inlet (10) of bio-waste waste products. The compaction machine (8) downstream of the drying line (5) has a third product outlet (8.2). Complex of waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the biogas plant (4) has an energy output (4.1) of heat and / or an energy output (4.2) of electricity, and / or an energy output (4.3) gas. A method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste in a plant complex according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first inlet (1) comprises a crushing operation (A) of biodegradable municipal waste followed by: either a sanitation operation (B) pulverized biodegradable municipal waste with intermediate (B.1) of the sanitized bio-mass, which is further processed in operation (C) of biogas blowing with intermediate (C1) of digestate and its further processing in a drying operation (D) to dried soil substrate (D1); or followed by a drying operation (D) of input crushed biodegradable municipal waste to a dried soil substrate (D.2). A method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 4, characterized in that the drying operation (D) is followed by a pelleting operation (E) of pelleting the dried soil substrate (D.l) to the output first product (D.l -1) of the pelletized soil substrate. A process for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 4, characterized in that the dried soil substrate (D.l) proceeds to a further carbonization operation (F) with the output second biochar product (F. 1-1). A method for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claims 4 and 6, characterized in that the output second biochar product (F.1-1) proceeds to a further mixing operation (G) with the bio-nutrient waste products from the second input (10), wherein the mixing intermediate (G1) is fed to a drying operation (D) with the outlet of the dried fertilizer soil substrate (D.2). A process for the waste-free treatment of biodegradable municipal waste according to claim 7, characterized in that the drying operation (D) is followed by a pelleting operation (E) of pelletizing the dried soil substrate (D.2) to the output third product (D.2-1). of the pelletized fertilizer soil substrate.