SK7962Y1 - Device for safe flow of specific gases in pipeline and method for security of this safe flow - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for safe flow of specific gases in pipeline comprises an outer package (13) which surrounds a pipe (11) along its entire length and consists of base frames (1) which are rigidly joined together and on their surface are connected the top covers (2). The pipe (11) is mounted on the rollers (3), which are fixed to the lower bottom of the outer package (13) or the rollers (3) are movably mounted on the rails (4). From the top covers (2), two tubes (18a), (18b), one of which leads to the low-pressure compressor (5) and the other one having a T-shaped outlet are led through the feeding device (22) out of the outer package (13), whereby the one branch leads to a electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and the second branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with the electrical outputs (12) and the electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) are connected to a control system (20).

Description

The technical solution relates to a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes and to a method for ensuring this safe flow.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In 1992, the utility model CN2140011Y was filed in the People's Republic of China, which dealt with a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes. Gas leakage in this equipment was recorded using an analytical gas leak detector. The shut-off valves were operated via a cable transmission which was guided to the electric motor winch.

In addition, utility models CN2517955Y were filed in 2002 and in 2013 CN203131428U describing the pipes immersed in a tight water tank and, due to the increased pressure in the water in the closed system, the gas flow in the pipeline stopped due to the generated electrical signal. .

Various gas detectors are now available which include a metering head - t. j. active ingredient that recognizes foreign matter in the air in a given space. The measuring heads are also divided according to the type of gas identified into measuring heads for:

(a) explosive gases,

(b) toxic gases;

(c) other gases.

According to the measuring principle, the measuring heads are divided into:

a) infrared - two infrared beams are emitted from a given head, where one beam is a measuring beam and passes through the space containing the gas to be measured, the other through a reference chamber with a known gas. Both beams hit the metal membrane, where they compare and analyze each other - then they are electrically evaluated;

b) ionisation - in the combustion chamber, a hydrogen flame burns from a pressure vessel (a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen) with air. If hydrocarbons are present in the air, the electrical conductivity of the flame will increase. This change is converted to an output electrical signal;

(c) interferometers - these devices measure and detect gases using light interference and refractive index measurements in space;

d) catalytic - here the catalytically combusted analyzed combustible gases are burned on a heated resistive element, which changes the resistance of this element;

e) semiconductor - the gas is in contact with a narrow layer of semiconductor, where at a temperature above 200 ° C catalytic oxidation occurs resulting in a change in the conductivity of the semiconductor and this change is converted to an external electrical output;

f) electrochemical - these contain a container containing two electrodes immersed in the electrolyte. The gas passes through the membrane into the electrolyte, causing a chemical reaction, which causes the formation of ions and begins to move towards the electrodes - a flow of current in the electrolyte, the magnitude of which is dependent on the amount of gas contained in the electrolyte. This current is amplified and results in a positive signal.

A drawback of the solutions known so far is that they do not sufficiently address the possible failure of gas flow devices and do not address how to deal with system accidents.

The essence of the technical solution

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts of the present invention eliminates the lack of existing solutions and defines a device that addresses possible instances of system failure to ensure safe gas flow.

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts forms an outer shell which surrounds the duct along its entire length, the outer shell being composed of welded base skeleton parts with corresponding top covers. The outer piping package creates a tight pipe-in-pipe (Pipe-In-Pipe) system. This protective system shall be constructed of a metallic material (eg iron) or a plastic material (eg polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate) and the size of the components, their shape and material thickness shall be chosen so as to form a protective a safe gas flow zone in the pipeline.

The choice of the security system material preferably depends on the type of walls of the reactor and the gas generator, and possibly also of the gas storage. When these walls are made of metal material (eg alloys), they are also secured

The Yl system must be made of metallic material to weld the components together. If the walls are made of plastic material, the parts of the security system must be made of a compatible plastic material - in this case joining the given parts of the skeletons must be done by extrusion plastic welding.

The thickness of the material used depends on the situation and the conditions in which the equipment is to be used and the installation conditions of the equipment. Regarding the shape of the perpendicular cross-section of the assembly of the present security device, the shape of the square or rectangle is most ideal, but other shapes according to the needs of the particular application are not excluded.

The duct is inside the outer wrapper at its bottom located on rollers, which can either be movable, placed on the rails or fixedly attached to the bottom bottom of the outer wrapper. The entire device can be attached to the top ceiling by anchoring attachments. An overpressure condition shall be maintained in the interspace between the duct and the protective device for the safe flow of specific gases, both to ensure reliable operation of the system and to subsequently detect gas leakage from the duct.

From the outer casing, in the part of the top covers, two hoses are led through the supply device, one of which leads to a low-pressure compressor. The task of the low pressure compressor is to create a low-pressure atmosphere (to keep the system non-stop in safety-standby mode). The compressor produces a slight overpressure in the interspace of the system, the size of which must be selected according to the application conditions of the safety device. The second tube has a T-shaped outlet, one of which branch leads to an electronic pressure analyzer and the other branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer with electrical outputs. The electronic pressure analyzer and mechanical pressure analyzer are connected to the control system, and communicate via the signal outputs to the control system. The control system monitors the pressure level in the interspace and stops the gas flow in the pipeline and issues an alarm if pressure changes outside the preset interval.

The mechanical pressure analyzer with electrical outputs may be a U-manometer impregnated with a conductive liquid from which electrical lines sensing the level in the U-manometer lead, or it may be a pressure gauge (diaphragm or bellows). Like the electronic pressure analyzer, mechanical pressure analyzers must have output electrical signals when pressure changes outside the set normal range. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

The piping system will be in normal operating mode if there is pressure in the interspace between the piping and the protective device for the safe flow of specific gases according to a preset interval. The same principle applies to alternative equipment, which is applied in the case of flexible transfer pipes (eg hoses), which serve, for example, to transfer gas from portable tanks to tanks intended for the consumption of gas material. These are usually flexible pipes made of special material (for example, armored or made of high-quality plastics). As already mentioned, these pipes are portable and therefore do not contain any attachments (anchors or shrouds). In such a case, the outer wrapper is not assembled of a rigid (i.e. plate) material, but is entirely of plastic film that is applied over one end of the pipe to its surface before being mounted on the valve outlets. After applying the foil - by rolling it to the pipe and after attaching both ends of the flexible pipe to the valve outlets, both ends of the protective foil still have to be tightly fixed - this is done by top looping the foil over the metal valve outlets (ie beyond pipelines for metal outlets at both ends of the pipeline) using rubber strips. Two tubing are connected from the foil-wrapper, which are connected so that one leads to a low-pressure compressor and the other to electronic pressure analyzers and mechanical pressure analyzers with electrical outputs - since these are portable pipelines, both pressure analyzers need not be applied simultaneously; in this case only one (most appropriate) of the two pressure analyzers may be used.

The compressor produces a slight overpressure in the interspace of the system, the size of which must be selected according to the application conditions of the safety device. The electronic pressure analyzer and / or the mechanical pressure analyzer are connected to the control system, and communicate via the signal outputs to the control system. The control system monitors the pressure level in the interspace and stops the gas flow in the pipeline and issues an alarm if pressure changes outside the preset interval.

The mechanical pressure analyzer with electrical outputs may be a U-manometer impregnated with a conductive liquid from which electrical lines sensing the level in the U-manometer lead, or it may be a pressure gauge (diaphragm or bellows). Like the electronic pressure analyzer, mechanical pressure analyzers must have output electrical signals when pressure changes outside the set normal range. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

SK 7962 Yl

The piping system will be in normal operating mode if there is pressure in the interspace between the piping and the protective device for the safe flow of specific gases according to a preset interval.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a general diagram of a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes from a front view.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the device.

Figure 3 illustrates a method of connecting a device for the safe flow of specific gases to a pipe.

Figure 4 shows the connection of electronic and mechanical gas pressure analyzers to the outer shell.

Figure 5 shows a 90 ° curvature of the pipe, where the two underlying skeletons connected to each other have a one end cut at an angle of 45 °.

Figure 6 shows an electrical circuit diagram for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes.

EXAMPLES

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts of Figure 1 consists of an outer shell 13 which surrounds the duct 11 along its entire length and consists of basic skeletons 1 which are fixedly joined together by a weld 17 and on their surface the upper covers 2 also by means of a weld 17. The pipe 11 is placed inside the outer casing 13 on rollers 3 which are fixedly attached to the bottom bottom of the base skeleton 1, or the rollers 3 can be movably placed on the rails 4. Two hoses 18a and 18b the tubing 18a leads to a low pressure compressor 5 to maintain the overpressure in the interspace between the duct 11 and the outer casing 13. The outlet of the second tubing 18b is T-shaped and one branch leads to an electronic pressure analyzer 6a (formed by a high pressure oscillator capacitive pressure sensor); the second branch leads to a mechanical pressure analyzer 6b which It may consist of either an U-gauge 7 with an electrically conductive liquid with electrical outputs 12, or a bellows or diaphragm manometer 8 with electrical outputs 12. The pressure analyzers 6a and 6b are connected to a control system 20 which evaluates the signals coming from these analyzers. pressure. The duct system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts will be in normal operating mode if pressure is maintained at a predetermined interval in the interspace between the duct 11 and the outer shell 13. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value. The perpendicular cross-section of the security device assembly is most often square or rectangular (Figure 2), but other shapes, such as flexible hose, are not excluded.

The outer cover 13 may in some applications be attached to the ceiling by anchoring fasteners 14 and may be made of a rigid material, for example metal or rigid plastic.

Example 1

Figure 1 shows a device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes having a rectangular profile. Its interior is passed through a gas pipe 11 beginning with the wall of the gas generator 15 and leading to the point of consumption - the reactor 21. The outer shell 13 is composed of several parts made of metal (connected either by welding 17 or, in exceptional cases, high-quality sealant). The beginning and the end of the safety system are also welded to the walls of the gas generator 15 and the reactor 21 by welding 17. The length of the partial top covers 2 should not coincide with the partial lengths of the base skeletons 1 ( in the masonry). The overall lengths of the top covers 2 and base skeletons 1 in the complex assembly of the equipment mounted on the pipeline must be exactly the same. On the base skeletons 1, rails 4 are placed in the lower part and on them (in sunken grooves) rollers 3 with notches for engaging in rails are arranged perpendicularly.

4. The rollers 3 serve to accommodate the pipe 11 and also to compensate for the length of expansion of the gas pipe. If the extensibility of the duct 11 is at a low level, the base skeleton 1 need not comprise any rails 4 and the rollers 3 would be fixed to the bottom surface of the base skeleton 1 (without the possibility of rolling rotation).

SK 7962 Υ1

The guided pipe U is completely embedded in the assembly, so that during installation it is necessary to reconstruct a new system of anchoring clamps 14 of the protective device on which the whole of the protected pipe 11 will be distributed from the moment of installation. be synchronous with subsequent attachment of the basic skeletons 1 of the security device, which are attached to the new anchoring attachments 14 to the top wall of the building where the pipe 11 is routed.

Method of assembly: first it is necessary to disconnect the necessary number of actual beams that anchor the given pipe 11. The first part of the basic skeletons 1 is welded to the wall of the gas generator 15 and temporarily retained from the bottom by the beam. When connecting the base skeletons 1 to the wall, it is necessary to maintain the exact position of the fixture the correct parallel direction with the duct 11 as well as the right perpendicular angle to the wall of the gas generator 15. Other parts should be assembled up to the final wall of the reactor 21. high tightness criteria - these must be checked using X-ray joint inspection techniques. In the case of curved ducts (Figure 5), the base skeletons 1 have to be folded in a different way: for example, in the case of a ducting of the pipe 11 by 90 °, where the two interconnected base skeletons 1 in a bend have one end cut at 45 °. For better tightness of the upper joints, it would be a better option for the top cover 2 not to have the same length (and not even shape) to the base skeleton 1 but also to be bent at 90 ° (and of course longer). If there is a branch on the pipe to be protected, it is necessary in this case to adjust the length of the top covers 2 on the main pipe 11, which must provide space for another base skeleton 1 (with the new top cover 2, which assembles as the very last).

The top cover 2 is mounted on top of the base skeleton (either a high-quality sealant can be used in exceptional cases by heat sealing 17) - this must be done after disconnecting the anchorages 14 anchoring the pipe 11 (and converting them to a new anchorage of the auxiliary safety system) . The top cover 2 comprises two power supply devices 22 to which two hoses 18a and 18b are connected. wherein the first hose 18a leads to the low pressure compressor 5 and the second hose 18b leads through the T-shaped output to the electronic pressure analyzer 6a and to the mechanical pressure analyzer 6b with electrical outputs 12. The electronic pressure analyzer 6a is a capacitive pressure transmitter with high frequency oscillator. will send signals to the control system 20 to shut down gas flow in the pipeline in the event of a safety hazard. The mechanical pressure analyzer 6b with the electrical outputs 12 is either a U-gauge with an electrically conductive liquid 7, or it may be a diaphragm or bellows manometer 8, which also sends out electrical signals to the control system 20. The control system 20 monitors the pressure state and, in the event of a system or pipe 11 failure, stop the gas flow in pipe 11.

The duct system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts will be in normal operating mode if there is a pressure in the interspace between the duct 11 and the outer casing 13 at a predetermined interval. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, the control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

Example 2

A PE pipe 11 with a length of 107.3 cm, an outer diameter of 5.4 cm and a wall thickness of 0.4 cm was used. At both ends of the pipeline there are perpendicular plastic plates (made of polypropylene) forming in this model the walls of the reach of both ends of the pipeline, i. j. the walls of the gas generator 15 and the reactor 21 - their mutual distance is 107.5 cm. In the middle of these plates, holes were drilled with a diameter of 3.6 cm and perpendicularly connected to the pipe 11 by means of a weld 17, which in this case was realized by a solder joint.

Depending on the distance of the two outer plastic plates, two basic skeletons 1 have been developed which have a square "U" profile with two top covers 2 (all parts are made of polymethyl methacrylate), the length of which is identical - t. j either of the bottom or top pieces stacked one after the other is equal to the distance (107.5 cm) between the outermost plastic plates where the pipe was routed. The thickness of these plates is 0.4 cm. After assembling and joining the parts together, a protective device is created which has a cuboid shape with external dimensions of 10.5 x 10.5 x 107.5 cm. The welded U-shaped joint 17 at the bottom of the device is 59.5 cm from the left edge, and on the top cover 2 this simple straight joint is 54 cm away from the same edge.

Assembly procedure: The top covers 2 were drilled holes (diameter 4 mm), which were approximately equidistant from each other on one axis passing through the center of the width of these top covers 2. The conical projections were welded into these holes - feed devices 22 made of HDPE hardened material (outer diameter was 0.43 cm), for easy feeding with plastic tubing 18a, 18b having an inner diameter of 0.40 cm. The first hose 18a led to Atman AT-701 2.5W low pressure compressors 5 and the second hose

SK 7962 Yl

18b is connected to the U-manometer 7. Power lines have been inserted into the second arm of the U-manometer 7, which generated two output signals 22 - when the U-manometer 7 drops and rises.

The control system 20 monitors the pressure in the system based on the signals from the low pressure compressor 5 and the U-manometer 7, and stops the gas flow in the duct 11 in the event of a system or duct failure 11. The duct system with the specific gas flow safe device will be in normal operation if there is a pressure in the interspace between the pipe 11 and the outer shell 13 according to a predetermined interval. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, the control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

Given input signals were part of the electrical circuit, which after activation stopped the flow of gas in the pipeline - in this model had to be a minimum overpressure Δρ = 27 cm, t. j. 2643,4 Pa, so that bulb no. 1, and thus the first output signal to shut off the gas flow was blocked by the control system 20. If the system overpressure was Δρ = 31 cm, t. j. 3035.0 Pa, thus activating the second circuit and then activating the second output signal to the control system 20, which also results in a shutdown of the gas flow in the pipeline, followed by a visual fault indication.

Example 3

A device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts is applied to the flexible (not fixed) ducts 11. In this case, the outer wrapper 13 is made of plastic and consists of a welded film 9 of polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC and cylindrical . The pipe U is portable and detachable, wherein the film 9 is slid onto the pipe 11 and is fastened to metal valve outlets 19 located at both ends of the pipe 11 by means of rubber strips 10 at both ends of the film 9.

For the application, a PE pipe 11 with a length of 90 cm was used, its diameter was 20 cm, the roughness coefficient k = 0.01 mm. In this experiment, cylindrical HDPE films 9 of different diameters were used in experiments to always form a tube-in-tube system. The foil was attached at its ends to the pipe ends with square rubber strips 10 (0.43 cm wide, 0.26 cm thick, 29.8 cm long) with a stiffness coefficient k = 156 N.m-1. Approximately at a medium distance from the edges of the HDPE film fastening, conical protrusions of HDPE hardened material (whose outer diameter was 0.47 cm) were applied over its walls and glued with polyurethane adhesive at these points. Two protrusions were connected as feed devices 22 via a plastic hose 18a (0.41 cm ID) to a low pressure compressor 5 of the Atman AT-A2500 3W type and the other protrusion was connected as feed device 22 via a hose 18b to a U-manometer 7.

The control system 20 monitors the pressure in the system based on the signals from the low-pressure compressor 5 and the U-manometer 7 and stops the gas flow in the pipeline 11 in the event of a system or pipe 11 failure.

The duct system with the device for the safe flow of specific gases in the ducts will be in normal operating mode if there is a pressure in the interspace between the duct 11 and the outer casing 13 at a predetermined interval. If the pressure values in the interspace exceed the set interval, the control system 20 activates shutdown of the gas flow in the duct. The electrical output signals to shut down the gas flow in the pipeline will be two: the first will be activated when the pressure (or pressure build-up gradient) in the system increases and the second will be activated when the pressure falls below a critical value.

Such portable flexible conduit 11 (hose) can in practice be used to pump gas from a movable container (e.g., a container placed on a vehicle) to a container intended for direct gas consumption. The pipe 11 (hose) is connected to the outlet valve 19. Further, a foil 9 having the shape of a cylinder is applied over the opposite end of the pipe 11 - this foil 9 is threaded onto the pipe via the free end of the pipe 11. Only after this step, the other end of the pipe 11 (hose) is attached to the valve of the filled gas reservoir, and then the two ends of the foil 9 are pressed tightly against the metal valve 16 by rubber strips 10 by wrapping them at the ends of the foil 9. the entire inner space under the foil was sealed.

Industrial usability

The device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipelines and the method for ensuring this safe flow can be used in practice in several branches of industry, in applications where it is necessary to prevent accidents caused by gas leakage.

Claims (9)

A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes, characterized in that it comprises an outer shell (13) which surrounds the pipe (11) along its entire length, the pipe (11) being mounted on rollers inside the outer shell (13). (3) which are rigidly attached to the bottom of the base skeletons (1), or rollers (3) are movably mounted on the rails (4), and are led out of the outer shell (13) out of the outer shell (13) through the supply device (22) two tubing, of which the first tubing (18a) leads to a low pressure compressor (5) to maintain the positive pressure in the interspace between the pipe (11) and the outer casing (13) and the second tubing (18b) has a T-shaped outlet; the branch leads to the electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and the second branch leads to the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with electrical outputs (12), and the electronic pressure analyzer (6a) and the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) are connected to a control system (20) for monitoring the pressure condition and for shutting off the gas flow in the line (H). A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell (13) has a square or rectangular shape and consists of basic skeletons (1) which are fixedly connected to each other and on their surface are Mounted top covers (2). Device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell (13) is attached to the ceiling by anchoring clamps (14). A device for the safe flow of specific gases in ducts according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with the electrical outlets (12) is a U-manometer (7) impregnated with conductive liquid from which the height sensing lines lead. level in the U-manometer ⁽⁷⁾ . A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical pressure analyzer (6b) with the electrical outlets (12) is a pressure gauge (8) which is a membrane or bellows. A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is made of metal. A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is made of a plastic material. A device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outer casing (13) is formed by a welded film (9) which is made of polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC and has the shape of a cylinder, pipe (11). ) is portable and detachable, the foil (9) being slid onto the duct (11) and secured to metal valve outlets (19) located at both ends of the duct (11) by rubber bands (10) at both ends of the foil (9). Method for ensuring the safe flow of specific gases in pipes, characterized in that in the device for the safe flow of specific gases in pipes according to claims 1 to 8, the gas guided therein is introduced into the pipe (11) and at the same time the interval is set the pressure values in the interspace between the duct (11) and the outer casing (13), then the low pressure compressor (5) maintains the pressure at a selected interval, and electronic pressure analyzers (6a) and mechanical pressure analyzers (6b) monitor the pressure and send information to a control system (20) which switches off the gas flow in the line (11) when the pressure increases or the pressure increment gradient or when the pressure drops below the set interval. 3 drawings